Low-Intensity Exercise Training Additionally Increases Mitochondrial Dynamics Caused by High-Fat Diet (HFD) but Has No Additional Effect on Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Fast-Twitch Muscle by HFD
This study examines how the high-fat diet (HFD) affects mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, and also whether combining it with low-intensity endurance exercise adds to these effects. Six 8-week-old male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were put on control (CON; standard chow diet), HF (HFD intake), and H...
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Published in | International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 17; no. 15; p. 5461 |
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Abstract | This study examines how the high-fat diet (HFD) affects mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, and also whether combining it with low-intensity endurance exercise adds to these effects. Six 8-week-old male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were put on control (CON; standard chow diet), HF (HFD intake), and HFEx (HFD + low-intensity treadmill exercise) for 6 weeks. As a result, no change in body weight was observed among the groups. However, epididymal fat mass increased significantly in the two groups that had been given HFD. Blood free fatty acid (FFA) also increased significantly in the HF group. While HFD increased insulin resistance (IR), this was improved significantly in the HFEx group. HFD also significantly increased mitochondrial biogenesis-related factors (PPARδ, PGC-1α, and mtTFA) and mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins; however, no additional effect from exercise was observed. Mitochondrial dynamic-related factors were also affected: Mfn2 increased significantly in the HFEx group, while Drp1 and Fis-1 increased significantly in both the HF and HFEx groups. The number of mitochondria in the subsarcolemmal region, and their size in the subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar regions, also increased significantly in the HFEx group. Taken overall, these results show that HFD in combination with low-intensity endurance exercise has no additive effect on mitochondrial biogenesis, although it does have such an effect on mitochondrial dynamics by improving IR. |
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AbstractList | This study examines how the high-fat diet (HFD) affects mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, and also whether combining it with low-intensity endurance exercise adds to these effects. Six 8-week-old male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were put on control (CON; standard chow diet), HF (HFD intake), and HFEx (HFD + low-intensity treadmill exercise) for 6 weeks. As a result, no change in body weight was observed among the groups. However, epididymal fat mass increased significantly in the two groups that had been given HFD. Blood free fatty acid (FFA) also increased significantly in the HF group. While HFD increased insulin resistance (IR), this was improved significantly in the HFEx group. HFD also significantly increased mitochondrial biogenesis-related factors (PPARδ, PGC-1α, and mtTFA) and mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins; however, no additional effect from exercise was observed. Mitochondrial dynamic-related factors were also affected: Mfn2 increased significantly in the HFEx group, while Drp1 and Fis-1 increased significantly in both the HF and HFEx groups. The number of mitochondria in the subsarcolemmal region, and their size in the subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar regions, also increased significantly in the HFEx group. Taken overall, these results show that HFD in combination with low-intensity endurance exercise has no additive effect on mitochondrial biogenesis, although it does have such an effect on mitochondrial dynamics by improving IR. |
Author | Kim, Sang Hyun Kang, Yun Seok Seong, Donghun Kim, Jae Cheol |
AuthorAffiliation | Department of Sports Science, College of Natural Science, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Korea; kangys53@jbnu.ac.kr (Y.S.K.); hun3030@jbnu.ac.kr (D.S.); Kjc@jbnu.ac.kr (J.C.K.) |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Department of Sports Science, College of Natural Science, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Korea; kangys53@jbnu.ac.kr (Y.S.K.); hun3030@jbnu.ac.kr (D.S.); Kjc@jbnu.ac.kr (J.C.K.) |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yun Seok surname: Kang fullname: Kang, Yun Seok – sequence: 2 givenname: Donghun surname: Seong fullname: Seong, Donghun – sequence: 3 givenname: Jae Cheol surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Jae Cheol – sequence: 4 givenname: Sang Hyun orcidid: 0000-0001-9657-4575 surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Sang Hyun |
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SubjectTerms | Biosynthesis Body fat Body weight Cytochrome Diet Durability Electron transport Electron transport chain Endurance Enzymes Exercise Fatty acids Fitness equipment Glucose High fat diet Homeostasis Insulin Insulin resistance Kinases Mitochondria Physical training Protein transport Proteins Software Statistical analysis Transmission electron microscopy Treadmills |
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Title | Low-Intensity Exercise Training Additionally Increases Mitochondrial Dynamics Caused by High-Fat Diet (HFD) but Has No Additional Effect on Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Fast-Twitch Muscle by HFD |
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