Mechanistic insights expatiating the biological role and regulatory implications of estrogen and HER2 in breast cancer metastasis

• Published in: Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects Vol. 1866; no. 5; p. 130113
• Main Authors: Ghauri, Mohsin Ahmad, Raza, Ali, Hayat, Uzma, Atif, Naveel, Iqbal, Hafiz M.N., Bilal, Muhammad
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.05.2022
• Subjects: apoptosis; Biomarker; biomarkers; blood-brain barrier; Breast cancer; breast neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms - pathology; Cell Movement; cytoplasm; death; decision making; erbB-2 receptor; Estrogen receptors; estrogens; Estrogens - therapeutic use; Female; hormone replacement therapy; Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2; Humans; immunotherapy; metastasis; Migration; migratory behavior; Progesterone; Small molecules; society; surgery; Tumor metastasis; Tumor Microenvironment; tyrosine; ADC; MAT; Biomarker; PR; RNA; Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2; Migration; ERS; Estrogen receptors; Small molecules; CXCR4; HR; CDK; EGFR; MBC; NF-κB; CSC; NHL; PI3K; ALDH1; mTOR; TGF-β; ID; TNBC; CTCs; Tumor metastasis; WHO; OS; EGF; VEGF; MMPs; AMT; IGF; Breast cancer; SERM; MAPK; EMT; ER; TME; ECM; TF; CAR; TKR; HER2

Breast cancer (BCa) has become the leading cause of death in women worldwide. Irrespective of advancement in cancer treatments, e.g., surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, recurrence leading to metastasis poses the greatest threat in BCa management....