Nicotine Dependence Evaluated by Urinary Cotinine and Heaviness of Smoking Index among Smokers, Vapers, and Dual Users: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data

• Published in: Korean journal of family medicine Vol. 42; no. 3; pp. 197 - 203
• Main Authors: Hwang, Ju Sam, Lee, Cheol Min, Lee, Kiheon, Kim, Choon-Young
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Korean Academy of Family Medicine 01.05.2021; 대한가정의학회
• Subjects: Original; 가정의학

BACKGROUNDMany people use both combustible cigarette (CC) and electronic cigarette (EC). We compared nicotine dependence among CC, EC, and dual users using questionnaires and urinary cotinine levels.METHODSData from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014-2017) databases wer...