Cell immobilization for enhanced milk clotting enzyme production from Bacillus amyloliquefacien and cheese quality
Milk clotting enzymes, essential for milk coagulation in cheese production, are obtained from the stomach of young ruminants, an expensive and limited source. This study was accomplished by finding a suitable alternative. Bacterial isolates recovered from honey were screened for milk clotting enzyme...
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Published in | Microbial cell factories Vol. 23; no. 1; pp. 283 - 13 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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18.10.2024
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Abstract | Milk clotting enzymes, essential for milk coagulation in cheese production, are obtained from the stomach of young ruminants, an expensive and limited source. This study was accomplished by finding a suitable alternative. Bacterial isolates recovered from honey were screened for milk clotting enzyme activity. and further, by immobilization of the microorganisms to enhance stability and facilitate their repeated use.
The most effective enzyme was produced by a microbe identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on 16 S rRNA sequencing. The cells were encapsulated in Ca
alginate beads. These beads retained complete enzyme production after being used five times. Glucose and Soybean were selected as the most favorable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The optimum temperature for activity was 35 ℃ for both free and immobilized cells but as the temperature was increased to 55 °C and above, the encapsulated form retained more activity than the free cells. The pH optimum shifted from 6.5 to 7 for the free cells to 7-7.5 for the immobilized cells. The immobilization process decreased the activation energy for enzyme production and activity, prolonged the enzyme half-life, and increased the deactivation energy. Enzyme produced by immobilized cells generated a more compact cheese.
The finding of this study was to identify a less expensive source of milk-clotting enzymes and confirm the success of cell immobilization in improving cell rigidity and stability. Also, immobilization of this B. amyloliquefaciens strain offers an enzyme source of value for industrial production of cheese. |
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AbstractList | Abstract Background Milk clotting enzymes, essential for milk coagulation in cheese production, are obtained from the stomach of young ruminants, an expensive and limited source. This study was accomplished by finding a suitable alternative. Bacterial isolates recovered from honey were screened for milk clotting enzyme activity. and further, by immobilization of the microorganisms to enhance stability and facilitate their repeated use. Result The most effective enzyme was produced by a microbe identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on 16 S rRNA sequencing. The cells were encapsulated in Ca2+ alginate beads. These beads retained complete enzyme production after being used five times. Glucose and Soybean were selected as the most favorable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The optimum temperature for activity was 35 ℃ for both free and immobilized cells but as the temperature was increased to 55 °C and above, the encapsulated form retained more activity than the free cells. The pH optimum shifted from 6.5 to 7 for the free cells to 7–7.5 for the immobilized cells. The immobilization process decreased the activation energy for enzyme production and activity, prolonged the enzyme half-life, and increased the deactivation energy. Enzyme produced by immobilized cells generated a more compact cheese. Conclusions The finding of this study was to identify a less expensive source of milk-clotting enzymes and confirm the success of cell immobilization in improving cell rigidity and stability. Also, immobilization of this B. amyloliquefaciens strain offers an enzyme source of value for industrial production of cheese. Background Milk clotting enzymes, essential for milk coagulation in cheese production, are obtained from the stomach of young ruminants, an expensive and limited source. This study was accomplished by finding a suitable alternative. Bacterial isolates recovered from honey were screened for milk clotting enzyme activity. and further, by immobilization of the microorganisms to enhance stability and facilitate their repeated use. Result The most effective enzyme was produced by a microbe identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on 16 S rRNA sequencing. The cells were encapsulated in Ca.sup.2+ alginate beads. These beads retained complete enzyme production after being used five times. Glucose and Soybean were selected as the most favorable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The optimum temperature for activity was 35 â for both free and immobilized cells but as the temperature was increased to 55 [degrees]C and above, the encapsulated form retained more activity than the free cells. The pH optimum shifted from 6.5 to 7 for the free cells to 7-7.5 for the immobilized cells. The immobilization process decreased the activation energy for enzyme production and activity, prolonged the enzyme half-life, and increased the deactivation energy. Enzyme produced by immobilized cells generated a more compact cheese. Conclusions The finding of this study was to identify a less expensive source of milk-clotting enzymes and confirm the success of cell immobilization in improving cell rigidity and stability. Also, immobilization of this B. amyloliquefaciens strain offers an enzyme source of value for industrial production of cheese. Keywords: Bacillus amyloliquefacien, Milk clotting, Cell immobilization, Thermodynamic-cheese Milk clotting enzymes, essential for milk coagulation in cheese production, are obtained from the stomach of young ruminants, an expensive and limited source. This study was accomplished by finding a suitable alternative. Bacterial isolates recovered from honey were screened for milk clotting enzyme activity. and further, by immobilization of the microorganisms to enhance stability and facilitate their repeated use. The most effective enzyme was produced by a microbe identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on 16 S rRNA sequencing. The cells were encapsulated in Ca alginate beads. These beads retained complete enzyme production after being used five times. Glucose and Soybean were selected as the most favorable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The optimum temperature for activity was 35 ℃ for both free and immobilized cells but as the temperature was increased to 55 °C and above, the encapsulated form retained more activity than the free cells. The pH optimum shifted from 6.5 to 7 for the free cells to 7-7.5 for the immobilized cells. The immobilization process decreased the activation energy for enzyme production and activity, prolonged the enzyme half-life, and increased the deactivation energy. Enzyme produced by immobilized cells generated a more compact cheese. The finding of this study was to identify a less expensive source of milk-clotting enzymes and confirm the success of cell immobilization in improving cell rigidity and stability. Also, immobilization of this B. amyloliquefaciens strain offers an enzyme source of value for industrial production of cheese. Milk clotting enzymes, essential for milk coagulation in cheese production, are obtained from the stomach of young ruminants, an expensive and limited source. This study was accomplished by finding a suitable alternative. Bacterial isolates recovered from honey were screened for milk clotting enzyme activity. and further, by immobilization of the microorganisms to enhance stability and facilitate their repeated use.BACKGROUNDMilk clotting enzymes, essential for milk coagulation in cheese production, are obtained from the stomach of young ruminants, an expensive and limited source. This study was accomplished by finding a suitable alternative. Bacterial isolates recovered from honey were screened for milk clotting enzyme activity. and further, by immobilization of the microorganisms to enhance stability and facilitate their repeated use.The most effective enzyme was produced by a microbe identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on 16 S rRNA sequencing. The cells were encapsulated in Ca2+ alginate beads. These beads retained complete enzyme production after being used five times. Glucose and Soybean were selected as the most favorable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The optimum temperature for activity was 35 ℃ for both free and immobilized cells but as the temperature was increased to 55 °C and above, the encapsulated form retained more activity than the free cells. The pH optimum shifted from 6.5 to 7 for the free cells to 7-7.5 for the immobilized cells. The immobilization process decreased the activation energy for enzyme production and activity, prolonged the enzyme half-life, and increased the deactivation energy. Enzyme produced by immobilized cells generated a more compact cheese.RESULTThe most effective enzyme was produced by a microbe identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on 16 S rRNA sequencing. The cells were encapsulated in Ca2+ alginate beads. These beads retained complete enzyme production after being used five times. Glucose and Soybean were selected as the most favorable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The optimum temperature for activity was 35 ℃ for both free and immobilized cells but as the temperature was increased to 55 °C and above, the encapsulated form retained more activity than the free cells. The pH optimum shifted from 6.5 to 7 for the free cells to 7-7.5 for the immobilized cells. The immobilization process decreased the activation energy for enzyme production and activity, prolonged the enzyme half-life, and increased the deactivation energy. Enzyme produced by immobilized cells generated a more compact cheese.The finding of this study was to identify a less expensive source of milk-clotting enzymes and confirm the success of cell immobilization in improving cell rigidity and stability. Also, immobilization of this B. amyloliquefaciens strain offers an enzyme source of value for industrial production of cheese.CONCLUSIONSThe finding of this study was to identify a less expensive source of milk-clotting enzymes and confirm the success of cell immobilization in improving cell rigidity and stability. Also, immobilization of this B. amyloliquefaciens strain offers an enzyme source of value for industrial production of cheese. Milk clotting enzymes, essential for milk coagulation in cheese production, are obtained from the stomach of young ruminants, an expensive and limited source. This study was accomplished by finding a suitable alternative. Bacterial isolates recovered from honey were screened for milk clotting enzyme activity. and further, by immobilization of the microorganisms to enhance stability and facilitate their repeated use. The most effective enzyme was produced by a microbe identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on 16 S rRNA sequencing. The cells were encapsulated in Ca.sup.2+ alginate beads. These beads retained complete enzyme production after being used five times. Glucose and Soybean were selected as the most favorable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The optimum temperature for activity was 35 â for both free and immobilized cells but as the temperature was increased to 55 [degrees]C and above, the encapsulated form retained more activity than the free cells. The pH optimum shifted from 6.5 to 7 for the free cells to 7-7.5 for the immobilized cells. The immobilization process decreased the activation energy for enzyme production and activity, prolonged the enzyme half-life, and increased the deactivation energy. Enzyme produced by immobilized cells generated a more compact cheese. The finding of this study was to identify a less expensive source of milk-clotting enzymes and confirm the success of cell immobilization in improving cell rigidity and stability. Also, immobilization of this B. amyloliquefaciens strain offers an enzyme source of value for industrial production of cheese. |
ArticleNumber | 283 |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Karam, Eman A Elattal, Nouran A Hassan, Mohamed E Esawy, Mona A Kansoh, Amany L |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Eman A surname: Karam fullname: Karam, Eman A organization: Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt – sequence: 2 givenname: Mohamed E surname: Hassan fullname: Hassan, Mohamed E organization: Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt – sequence: 3 givenname: Nouran A surname: Elattal fullname: Elattal, Nouran A organization: Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt – sequence: 4 givenname: Amany L surname: Kansoh fullname: Kansoh, Amany L organization: Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt – sequence: 5 givenname: Mona A surname: Esawy fullname: Esawy, Mona A email: mona_esawy@hotmail.com organization: Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt. mona_esawy@hotmail.com |
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Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.195 10.3791/3923 10.3923/jbs.2008.1310.1315 10.1007/s11274-017-2231-8 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130868 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.12.013 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.023 10.1007/s13205-015-0333-2 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.12.001 10.1002/bit.20957 10.1099/00207713-16-3-313 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.04.006 10.1007/s13213-011-0270-1 10.1007/s11274-022-03259-8 10.15406/jnhfe20231300375 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.111 10.1128/aem.51.5.1089-1098.1986 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.115080 10.1007/BF02916414 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.08.065 10.1128/jb.173.2.697-703.1991 10.1039/B711564B 10.1007/s10068-018-0539-2 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06396 10.1186/s13568-022-01493-9 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.125 10.1002/jobm.19730130502 10.1007/s11274-005-9018-z 10.1016/S1466-8564(02)00090-5 10.1007/BF00360917 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.06.010 10.3168/jds.2017-13770 10.1016/S0032-9592(03)00263-2 10.1007/s00217-011-1454-4 10.3389/fbioe.2021.620292 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.025 10.1016/0076-6879(70)19033-1 10.1016/j.bej.2008.09.003 10.1186/s40643-016-0108-6 10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.11.014 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.04.001 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01697 10.1128/spectrum.01205-21 |
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Keywords | Milk clotting Bacillus amyloliquefacien Thermodynamic-cheese Cell immobilization |
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Snippet | Milk clotting enzymes, essential for milk coagulation in cheese production, are obtained from the stomach of young ruminants, an expensive and limited source.... Background Milk clotting enzymes, essential for milk coagulation in cheese production, are obtained from the stomach of young ruminants, an expensive and... Abstract Background Milk clotting enzymes, essential for milk coagulation in cheese production, are obtained from the stomach of young ruminants, an expensive... |
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SubjectTerms | Activation energy Animals Bacillus (Bacteria) Bacillus amyloliquefacien Bacillus amyloliquefaciens - enzymology Bacillus amyloliquefaciens - genetics Bacillus amyloliquefaciens - metabolism Cell immobilization Cells, Immobilized - metabolism Cheese Cheese - microbiology Chemical properties Dairy industry Enzymes Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Immobilized enzymes Microbial enzymes Milk - metabolism Milk - microbiology Milk clotting Production processes RNA Soybean Temperature Thermodynamic-cheese |
Title | Cell immobilization for enhanced milk clotting enzyme production from Bacillus amyloliquefacien and cheese quality |
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