Variance Inflation Factor and Condition Number in multiple linear regression
The Variance Inflation Factor and the Condition Number are measures traditionally applied to detect the presence of collinearity in a multiple linear model. This paper presents the relation and the difference between both measures from theoretical and empirical perspectives by using Monte Carlo simu...
Saved in:
| Published in | Journal of statistical computation and simulation Vol. 88; no. 12; pp. 2365 - 2384 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Abingdon
Taylor & Francis Ltd
13.08.2018
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0094-9655 1563-5163 |
| DOI | 10.1080/00949655.2018.1463376 |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | The Variance Inflation Factor and the Condition Number are measures traditionally applied to detect the presence of collinearity in a multiple linear model. This paper presents the relation and the difference between both measures from theoretical and empirical perspectives by using Monte Carlo simulations and taking special interest in the computational techniques. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The Variance Inflation Factor and the Condition Number are measures traditionally applied to detect the presence of collinearity in a multiple linear model. This paper presents the relation and the difference between both measures from theoretical and empirical perspectives by using Monte Carlo simulations and taking special interest in the computational techniques. |
| Author | García, J. García, C. B. Salmerón, R. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: R. orcidid: 0000-0003-2589-4058 surname: Salmerón fullname: Salmerón, R. organization: Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business, University of Granada, Granada, Spain – sequence: 2 givenname: C. B. orcidid: 0000-0003-1622-3877 surname: García fullname: García, C. B. organization: Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business, University of Granada, Granada, Spain – sequence: 3 givenname: J. surname: García fullname: García, J. organization: Department of Economic and Business, University of Almería, Almería, Spain |
| BookMark | eNqFkE1LAzEQhoNUsK3-BCHgeWuy-eriSYqthaIX9RrS7ERSttmaZA_-e3fbevHiaWB43neYZ4JGoQ2A0C0lM0rm5J6QildSiFlJ6HxGuWRMyQs0pkKyQlDJRmg8MMUAXaFJSjtCCKWiHKPNh4neBAt4HVxjsm8DXhqb24hNqPGiDbU_Ll-6_RYi9gHvuyb7QwO48QFMxBE-I6TUQ9fo0pkmwc15TtH78ult8VxsXlfrxeOmsKziubBCSeOAG1crXpGaSMe3VErFKWO0dramprRQC6BAoGSlLWErhBSVFcxZxqbo7tR7iO1XBynrXdvF0J_UJeFKMVVx1VMPJ8rGNqUITlufjx_maHyjKdGDPv2rTw_69FlfnxZ_0ofo9yZ-_5P7AdJxdMs |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1002_pan3_10753 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_98256_6 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4433939 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jecp_2024_105927 crossref_primary_10_1111_imig_12690 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10614_024_10575_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jrmge_2025_01_012 crossref_primary_10_1142_S0219622022500948 crossref_primary_10_1108_K_03_2021_0197 crossref_primary_10_2147_JPR_S386440 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00191_019_00636_9 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0319929 crossref_primary_10_3390_app10072573 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_technovation_2024_103000 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3782199 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_phro_2022_09_004 crossref_primary_10_4236_as_2023_146055 crossref_primary_10_3390_math8040605 crossref_primary_10_1002_fes3_505 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12046_023_02403_w crossref_primary_10_3390_app13116639 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10489_023_05005_5 crossref_primary_10_1007_s41651_023_00142_4 crossref_primary_10_1002_dug2_12067 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scs_2024_105700 crossref_primary_10_5397_cise_2023_01053 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtcvs_2023_05_044 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jcim_1c01567 crossref_primary_10_1080_1351847X_2022_2038648 crossref_primary_10_1021_jasms_3c00168 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_023_16502_0 crossref_primary_10_3390_su16219316 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envint_2024_108520 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00127_022_02403_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jenvman_2023_118112 crossref_primary_10_1080_02687038_2023_2183076 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ssresearch_2022_102779 crossref_primary_10_1080_00128775_2019_1618194 crossref_primary_10_1002_jum_15399 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10826_023_02605_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physa_2019_122556 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4129886 crossref_primary_10_1002_csr_2342 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_amper_2023_100112 crossref_primary_10_3390_su15086549 crossref_primary_10_1080_15567249_2020_1868619 crossref_primary_10_3390_su17010019 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2020_3043317 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_025_21686_8 crossref_primary_10_3390_w15122269 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10901_024_10124_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envsoft_2023_105853 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_autcon_2021_103629 crossref_primary_10_1142_S234573762150007X crossref_primary_10_21511_ppm_18_2__2020_34 crossref_primary_10_55905_cuadv16n10_194 crossref_primary_10_1177_0308518X19865550 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtrangeo_2024_103828 crossref_primary_10_1080_14631377_2023_2236874 crossref_primary_10_3390_s20020444 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chb_2025_108557 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jweia_2021_104792 crossref_primary_10_1080_14719037_2022_2037014 crossref_primary_10_3390_atmos14030438 crossref_primary_10_3389_fams_2023_1282975 crossref_primary_10_4081_gh_2022_1072 crossref_primary_10_1108_JAEE_10_2020_0257 crossref_primary_10_1080_20964471_2022_2136610 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhazmat_2024_134284 crossref_primary_10_1088_2752_5309_ac8ac2 crossref_primary_10_1029_2022GH000764 crossref_primary_10_1177_09721509231213235 crossref_primary_10_1002_agj2_21222 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclepro_2024_142686 crossref_primary_10_3390_fire6050197 crossref_primary_10_1080_20964471_2023_2291215 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_respol_2019_103856 crossref_primary_10_1080_24694452_2022_2161988 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41593_021_00914_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cities_2023_104572 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2021_744354 crossref_primary_10_1002_csr_2083 crossref_primary_10_1080_03610918_2022_2110594 crossref_primary_10_1080_10618600_2020_1779729 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apnr_2021_151413 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00180_020_01047_2 crossref_primary_10_33333_rp_vol51n2_05 crossref_primary_10_1002_cem_3292 crossref_primary_10_3390_agronomy14122932 crossref_primary_10_1214_21_BJPS516 crossref_primary_10_1177_1358863X231226216 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2024_1384561 crossref_primary_10_3390_s23146326 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jik_2023_100422 crossref_primary_10_1088_2053_1591_ac144b crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2022_921797 crossref_primary_10_1111_rode_13191 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclepro_2020_124188 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0286408 crossref_primary_10_1093_annweh_wxaa143 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_techsoc_2021_101742 crossref_primary_10_1111_gove_12707 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtrangeo_2023_103744 crossref_primary_10_1108_BL_08_2023_0241 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40313_022_00951_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_socnet_2025_02_001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_agrformet_2024_110377 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2023_1150421 crossref_primary_10_3390_su11184935 crossref_primary_10_1080_07420528_2021_1886111 crossref_primary_10_3390_rs15143660 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40201_021_00684_z crossref_primary_10_1016_j_softx_2024_101926 crossref_primary_10_1080_02508281_2023_2185733 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4054805 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2021_10_028 crossref_primary_10_56982_dream_v2i10_159 crossref_primary_10_21511_imfi_18_1__2021_28 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_identj_2024_04_004 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_022_22649_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s11469_022_00951_6 crossref_primary_10_3390_su141811310 crossref_primary_10_1111_insr_12575 crossref_primary_10_3390_math8060931 crossref_primary_10_1080_15389588_2019_1707194 crossref_primary_10_3233_JIFS_189487 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12665_024_11871_0 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10661_020_08644_0 crossref_primary_10_56982_dream_v1i06_59 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00520_024_08772_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclepro_2023_138154 crossref_primary_10_56982_dream_v1i06_55 crossref_primary_10_1515_ijsl_2023_0084 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00521_023_08313_6 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_020_09989_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ssmph_2023_101515 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10551_022_05228_5 crossref_primary_10_1002_cmtd_202100108 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4160654 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12061_024_09633_3 crossref_primary_10_3233_JIFS_189495 crossref_primary_10_3390_su13084318 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhazmat_2023_131408 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2022_945846 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jenvman_2024_121294 crossref_primary_10_1108_BL_07_2023_0230 crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_9969322 crossref_primary_10_1155_2023_7818070 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2307214121 crossref_primary_10_1002_sres_3140 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_xnsj_2023_100261 crossref_primary_10_1177_01600176221125692 crossref_primary_10_3390_healthcare11091207 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_est_0c03285 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_uclim_2022_101203 crossref_primary_10_1080_02664763_2019_1701638 crossref_primary_10_3390_app8112121 crossref_primary_10_1111_dom_15546 crossref_primary_10_2196_42782 crossref_primary_10_3390_su13158133 crossref_primary_10_1177_23326492241268598 crossref_primary_10_1080_00949655_2018_1543423 crossref_primary_10_1080_02286203_2021_1905375 crossref_primary_10_3390_s20113264 crossref_primary_10_54097_hset_v8i_1125 crossref_primary_10_3390_hydrology9020036 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jweia_2024_105936 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40621_020_00246_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scs_2023_104882 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41539_024_00251_9 crossref_primary_10_1109_TEM_2024_3425656 crossref_primary_10_3390_su15021552 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10579_021_09547_3 crossref_primary_10_1080_14992027_2023_2291633 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecoenv_2020_111059 crossref_primary_10_1108_IJOEM_03_2022_0490 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_7552 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11056_024_10055_9 crossref_primary_10_1108_TR_02_2022_0100 crossref_primary_10_1061_JCEMD4_COENG_12971 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10708_024_11037_2 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2022_921237 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph192214842 crossref_primary_10_18502_ijrm_v20i5_11052 crossref_primary_10_3390_bs14060498 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph19137943 crossref_primary_10_1080_00031305_2019_1635527 crossref_primary_10_1177_26338076221105899 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10661_024_13069_0 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_020_10412_z |
| Cites_doi | 10.1080/01621459.1981.10477619 10.2307/1267205 10.1016/S0304-4076(01)00144-0 10.1002/0471458503 10.1016/0304-4076(82)90020-3 10.2307/1926450 10.1214/ss/1177013439 10.2307/1923926 10.1111/insr.12099 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1969.tb00813.x 10.2307/2286476 10.1080/02664763.2015.1120712 10.1214/ss/1177013442 10.1007/BF00426854 10.1007/s11135-006-9018-6 10.1080/00224065.1973.11980577 10.1002/wics.84 10.1080/00031305.1984.10483170 10.1090/S0025-5718-1992-1106966-2 10.1016/S0313-5926(10)50034-1 10.1080/01621459.1975.10479882 10.1080/01621459.1990.10474941 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 7SC 8FD JQ2 L7M L~C L~D |
| DOI | 10.1080/00949655.2018.1463376 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Technology Research Database ProQuest Computer Science Collection Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Technology Research Database Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace ProQuest Computer Science Collection Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional |
| DatabaseTitleList | Computer and Information Systems Abstracts |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Statistics Mathematics Computer Science |
| EISSN | 1563-5163 |
| EndPage | 2384 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1080_00949655_2018_1463376 |
| GroupedDBID | .7F .QJ 0BK 0R~ 29L 30N 4.4 5GY 5VS 8VB AAENE AAGDL AAHIA AAJMT AALDU AAMIU AAPUL AAQRR AAYXX ABCCY ABFIM ABHAV ABJNI ABLIJ ABPAQ ABPEM ABTAI ABXUL ABXYU ACGEJ ACGFS ACGOD ACTIO ADCVX ADGTB ADXPE AEISY AENEX AEOZL AEPSL AEYOC AFKVX AFRVT AGDLA AGMYJ AHDZW AIJEM AIYEW AJWEG AKBVH AKOOK ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALQZU AQRUH AVBZW AWYRJ BLEHA CCCUG CE4 CITATION CS3 DGEBU DKSSO DU5 EBS EJD E~A E~B F5P GTTXZ H13 HF~ HZ~ H~P IPNFZ J.P KYCEM M4Z MS~ NA5 NY~ O9- P2P PQQKQ QWB RIG RNANH ROSJB RTWRZ S-T SNACF TASJS TBQAZ TDBHL TEJ TFL TFT TFW TN5 TTHFI TUROJ TWF UPT UT5 UU3 YQT ZGOLN ZL0 ~S~ 7SC 8FD ADYSH JQ2 L7M L~C L~D |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c394t-c576afe4afd7490d06f4b166741331dfcd1a2ced5e1e0e232c2eb55659c53fc33 |
| ISSN | 0094-9655 |
| IngestDate | Mon Jul 14 08:14:02 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:04:40 EDT 2025 Sun Aug 03 02:37:22 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 12 |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c394t-c576afe4afd7490d06f4b166741331dfcd1a2ced5e1e0e232c2eb55659c53fc33 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2589-4058 0000-0003-1622-3877 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://hdl.handle.net/10481/86563 |
| PQID | 2047737947 |
| PQPubID | 53118 |
| PageCount | 20 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_journals_2047737947 crossref_citationtrail_10_1080_00949655_2018_1463376 crossref_primary_10_1080_00949655_2018_1463376 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2018-08-13 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2018-08-13 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 08 year: 2018 text: 2018-08-13 day: 13 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | Abingdon |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Abingdon |
| PublicationTitle | Journal of statistical computation and simulation |
| PublicationYear | 2018 |
| Publisher | Taylor & Francis Ltd |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Taylor & Francis Ltd |
| References | Belsley DA (CIT0005) 2005 CIT00016 CIT00015 CIT00014 CIT00013 CIT00012 CIT00011 CIT00010 CIT00019 CIT00018 CIT00017 Salmerón R (CIT00023) 2016 Belsley DA. (CIT00024) 1991; 4 CIT00027 Berk KN. (CIT00021) 1977; 72 CIT00026 CIT00025 CIT00022 CIT00020 Besley DA. (CIT0001) 1991 CIT0003 CIT0002 CIT0004 CIT0007 CIT0006 Silvey SD. (CIT00029) 1969 CIT0009 CIT0008 Kendall MG. (CIT00028) 1957 |
| References_xml | – ident: CIT00020 – start-page: 1 year: 2016 ident: CIT00023 publication-title: Comput Stat – ident: CIT00026 doi: 10.1080/01621459.1981.10477619 – volume-title: Conditioning diagnostics: collinearity and weak data in regression year: 1991 ident: CIT0001 – ident: CIT00015 doi: 10.2307/1267205 – ident: CIT00019 doi: 10.1016/S0304-4076(01)00144-0 – ident: CIT00014 doi: 10.1002/0471458503 – ident: CIT0004 – ident: CIT0006 doi: 10.1016/0304-4076(82)90020-3 – ident: CIT00012 doi: 10.2307/1926450 – ident: CIT00010 doi: 10.1214/ss/1177013439 – ident: CIT00011 doi: 10.2307/1923926 – ident: CIT00022 doi: 10.1111/insr.12099 – start-page: 539 year: 1969 ident: CIT00029 publication-title: J Royal Stat Soc Series B doi: 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1969.tb00813.x – volume: 72 start-page: 863 issue: 360 year: 1977 ident: CIT00021 publication-title: J Am Stat Assoc doi: 10.2307/2286476 – volume-title: Regression diagnostics: identifying influential data and sources of collinearity. Vol. 571 year: 2005 ident: CIT0005 – ident: CIT00027 doi: 10.1080/02664763.2015.1120712 – volume-title: A course in multivariate analysis: Charles Griffen & Co year: 1957 ident: CIT00028 – ident: CIT0007 doi: 10.1214/ss/1177013442 – volume: 4 start-page: 33 issue: 1 year: 1991 ident: CIT00024 publication-title: Comput Sci Econ Manag doi: 10.1007/BF00426854 – ident: CIT00013 doi: 10.1007/s11135-006-9018-6 – ident: CIT00016 doi: 10.1080/00224065.1973.11980577 – ident: CIT0003 – ident: CIT00017 doi: 10.1002/wics.84 – ident: CIT0002 doi: 10.1080/00031305.1984.10483170 – ident: CIT0009 doi: 10.1090/S0025-5718-1992-1106966-2 – ident: CIT00018 doi: 10.1016/S0313-5926(10)50034-1 – ident: CIT00025 doi: 10.1080/01621459.1975.10479882 – ident: CIT0008 doi: 10.1080/01621459.1990.10474941 |
| SSID | ssj0001152 |
| Score | 2.5717442 |
| Snippet | The Variance Inflation Factor and the Condition Number are measures traditionally applied to detect the presence of collinearity in a multiple linear model.... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database |
| StartPage | 2365 |
| SubjectTerms | Collinearity Computer simulation |
| Title | Variance Inflation Factor and Condition Number in multiple linear regression |
| URI | https://www.proquest.com/docview/2047737947 |
| Volume | 88 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3Nb9MwFLfKdhkHPgqIjYF8gNPkqo6dr-PoVspUyoEUKi5R7NjTJMimtuPAX8_zR7yUlc9LFNlNUvn9_PxsP_9-CL3MWGKI8iXRcZURLqQmIksZBHLQ9aSESmmzLWbJZM7PFvGi1_vWyVq6XouB_L71XMn_WBXKwK7mlOw_WDa8FArgHuwLV7AwXP_Kxh9homtT_t822uW0HY2tfo7dEhhdmu1oUzizsh9maSPkD5rosloeLdW5S4RtfhGlmgNHlsvZ8ogYBQj3HbvefvHVi3-FdRqnxjJir16zZiMd8Q10KLspf2Kj1Y7a8081Z911CGp4rYk7RmqRU9ySBOnkJVnXm3OSJ46Td6C8t00Yian3cN4dZ1kXdlHXuTInK3HL67dpkrkhv49Nvl5mRgDG0i0s27P35Xg-nZbF6aK4g3YjmF6AQ989npx8_hTGcOq0msKfbs9-GVb2bZ_ZjGo2B3UbqRQP0D1vPHzs8PIQ9VTTR_db-Q7svXkf3X0XKHtXfbT3obX06hGatsjCAVnYIQuD4XFAFnbIwhcNbpGFHbLwDbIeo_n4tBhNiNfdIJLlfE0kzEErrXil65Tnw3qYaC5okkDwyRittaxpFUlVx4qqoYKQXEZKxDAzyGXMtGTsCdppLhv1FGFOBdPDqM5rmXORKYjnBatgjKGGOTKT-4i37VZKT0pvtFG-lDRw17rmLk1zl76599EgPHblWFn-9MBha5TSd-AV_ICnKYMBKT34ffUztHeD-EO0s15eq-cQi67FCw-cH6O2g0U |
| linkProvider | Library Specific Holdings |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Variance+Inflation+Factor+and+Condition+Number+in+multiple+linear+regression&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+statistical+computation+and+simulation&rft.au=Salmer%C3%B3n%2C+R&rft.au=Garc%C3%ADa%2C+C+B&rft.au=Garc%C3%ADa%2C+J&rft.date=2018-08-13&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis+Ltd&rft.issn=0094-9655&rft.eissn=1563-5163&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2365&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F00949655.2018.1463376&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0094-9655&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0094-9655&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0094-9655&client=summon |