Adverse childhood experiences and behavioral problems in early adolescence: An empirical study of chinese children

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between ACEs and behavioral problems of children in their early adolescence in Chinese society. Results from bivariate analyses of 2,910 Chinese children in early adolescence indicated that children begin to exhibit behavioral problems be...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inFrontiers in psychiatry Vol. 13; p. 896379
Main Author Chen, Yunfan
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Frontiers Media S.A 09.08.2022
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Loading…
Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between ACEs and behavioral problems of children in their early adolescence in Chinese society. Results from bivariate analyses of 2,910 Chinese children in early adolescence indicated that children begin to exhibit behavioral problems being related to the exposure of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Compared to those with 0 ACEs, children with 4 or more ACEs were 4.45 times ( p < 0.001), 4.44 times ( p < 0.001), 7.80 times ( p < 0.001), 4.49 times ( p < 0.001), and 6.63 times ( p < 0.001) more likely to demonstrate hyperactivity, peer communication problems, pro-social problems, emotional problems and conduct problems, respectively. Rural children, children of mothers with low education, and boys were particularly likely to have been exposed to multiple categories of ACE. This study evidenced that there was a strong association between exposure to ACEs and behavioral problems in early adolescence in China.
AbstractList The aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between ACEs and behavioral problems of children in their early adolescence in Chinese society. Results from bivariate analyses of 2,910 Chinese children in early adolescence indicated that children begin to exhibit behavioral problems being related to the exposure of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Compared to those with 0 ACEs, children with 4 or more ACEs were 4.45 times (p < 0.001), 4.44 times (p < 0.001), 7.80 times (p < 0.001), 4.49 times (p < 0.001), and 6.63 times (p < 0.001) more likely to demonstrate hyperactivity, peer communication problems, pro-social problems, emotional problems and conduct problems, respectively. Rural children, children of mothers with low education, and boys were particularly likely to have been exposed to multiple categories of ACE. This study evidenced that there was a strong association between exposure to ACEs and behavioral problems in early adolescence in China.The aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between ACEs and behavioral problems of children in their early adolescence in Chinese society. Results from bivariate analyses of 2,910 Chinese children in early adolescence indicated that children begin to exhibit behavioral problems being related to the exposure of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Compared to those with 0 ACEs, children with 4 or more ACEs were 4.45 times (p < 0.001), 4.44 times (p < 0.001), 7.80 times (p < 0.001), 4.49 times (p < 0.001), and 6.63 times (p < 0.001) more likely to demonstrate hyperactivity, peer communication problems, pro-social problems, emotional problems and conduct problems, respectively. Rural children, children of mothers with low education, and boys were particularly likely to have been exposed to multiple categories of ACE. This study evidenced that there was a strong association between exposure to ACEs and behavioral problems in early adolescence in China.
The aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between ACEs and behavioral problems of children in their early adolescence in Chinese society. Results from bivariate analyses of 2,910 Chinese children in early adolescence indicated that children begin to exhibit behavioral problems being related to the exposure of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Compared to those with 0 ACEs, children with 4 or more ACEs were 4.45 times (p < 0.001), 4.44 times (p < 0.001), 7.80 times (p < 0.001), 4.49 times (p < 0.001), and 6.63 times (p < 0.001) more likely to demonstrate hyperactivity, peer communication problems, pro-social problems, emotional problems and conduct problems, respectively. Rural children, children of mothers with low education, and boys were particularly likely to have been exposed to multiple categories of ACE. This study evidenced that there was a strong association between exposure to ACEs and behavioral problems in early adolescence in China.
The aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between ACEs and behavioral problems of children in their early adolescence in Chinese society. Results from bivariate analyses of 2,910 Chinese children in early adolescence indicated that children begin to exhibit behavioral problems being related to the exposure of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Compared to those with 0 ACEs, children with 4 or more ACEs were 4.45 times ( p < 0.001), 4.44 times ( p < 0.001), 7.80 times ( p < 0.001), 4.49 times ( p < 0.001), and 6.63 times ( p < 0.001) more likely to demonstrate hyperactivity, peer communication problems, pro-social problems, emotional problems and conduct problems, respectively. Rural children, children of mothers with low education, and boys were particularly likely to have been exposed to multiple categories of ACE. This study evidenced that there was a strong association between exposure to ACEs and behavioral problems in early adolescence in China.
Author Chen, Yunfan
AuthorAffiliation College of Marxism, Hunan Normal University , Changsha , China
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: College of Marxism, Hunan Normal University , Changsha , China
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Yunfan
  surname: Chen
  fullname: Chen, Yunfan
BookMark eNpVkUlvFDEQhS0URBbyA7j5yGUm3t3mgDSKWCJF4gJny0t1xlF3u7F7Rsy_jycTEPHFVvnpe1X1LtHZlCdA6AMla847c9PP9bCsGWFs3RnFtXmDLqhSYkWUIGf_vc_Rda2PpB1uDFfyHTrnilBlNL1AZRP3UCrgsE1D3OYcMfyZoSSYAlTspog9bN0-5eIGPJfsBxgrThMGV4YDdjEPUMNR_QlvWnWcU0mhaeuyiwec-yN5gr8OBab36G3vhgrXL_cV-vX1y8_b76v7H9_ubjf3q8CNWFYmyKijEFQTxxTonoc-Emlk572nnvVGOOeVlo4AE0AkU15ILoxgNHRB8St0d-LG7B7tXNLoysFml-xzIZcH68qSwgCWE2NCw0bKtJAd9YTHjvWKMyMlIV1jfT6x5p0fIbZ5l7aPV9DXP1Pa2oe8t4YbqYlsgI8vgJJ_76AudkxtbcPgJsi7apkmWpHWOm9SepKGkmst0P-zocQeo7fP0dtj9PYUPX8CcWikuQ
Cites_doi 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-05-71
10.1371/journal.pone.0053551
10.3969/j.issn.1671-6981.2006.06.032
10.1080/10852352.2012.707466
10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181907888
10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2015.09.010
10.3969/j.issn.1672-0628.2021.01.009
10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-10
10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.07.011
10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2013.03.011
10.1016/j.amepre.2019.04.001
10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x
10.1080/19424620903388554
10.3321/j.issn:1673-8225.2005.16.037
10.1111/j.1467-9515.1979.tb00660.x
10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2016.05.029
10.1300/J009v30n02_07
10.1017/S0954579400000651
10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.03.019
10.1093/ntr/ntr023
10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-08-15
10.15992/j.cnki.31-1123/c.2013.05.010
10.1542/peds.111.3.564
10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2010.10.010
10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2017.05.024
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright © 2022 Chen.
Copyright © 2022 Chen. 2022 Chen
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright © 2022 Chen.
– notice: Copyright © 2022 Chen. 2022 Chen
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.896379
DatabaseName CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE - Academic

CrossRef

Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
EISSN 1664-0640
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_3099cbbbd1274581b03d82f632955008
PMC9395705
10_3389_fpsyt_2022_896379
GroupedDBID 53G
5VS
9T4
AAFWJ
AAKDD
AAYXX
ABIVO
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACXDI
ADBBV
ADRAZ
AFPKN
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
BAWUL
BCNDV
CITATION
DIK
EMOBN
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
HYE
KQ8
M48
M~E
O5R
O5S
OK1
PGMZT
RNS
RPM
7X8
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c394t-9c5d7d44170a26e7f3cfd05958bbb1b2f94aab675a0e24e0526b45349421c8c63
IEDL.DBID M48
ISSN 1664-0640
IngestDate Wed Aug 27 01:25:14 EDT 2025
Thu Aug 21 18:28:17 EDT 2025
Thu Jul 10 18:59:58 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 02:53:14 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Language English
License This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c394t-9c5d7d44170a26e7f3cfd05958bbb1b2f94aab675a0e24e0526b45349421c8c63
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
Reviewed by: Pamela Schuetze, University at Buffalo, United States; Srinivas Dannaram, Banner Health, United States
This article was submitted to Adolescent and Young Adult Psychiatry, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychiatry
Edited by: Jean Marc Guile, University of Picardie Jules Verne, France
OpenAccessLink http://journals.scholarsportal.info/openUrl.xqy?doi=10.3389/fpsyt.2022.896379
PMID 36016971
PQID 2707604213
PQPubID 23479
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_3099cbbbd1274581b03d82f632955008
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9395705
proquest_miscellaneous_2707604213
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2022_896379
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2022-08-09
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2022-08-09
PublicationDate_xml – month: 08
  year: 2022
  text: 2022-08-09
  day: 09
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationTitle Frontiers in psychiatry
PublicationYear 2022
Publisher Frontiers Media S.A
Publisher_xml – name: Frontiers Media S.A
References Yuhui (B13) 2017; 51
Dube (B6) 2009; 71
Min (B20) 2011; 27
(B9) 2017; 25
Hunt (B2) 2016
Chen (B10) 2015; 23
(B25) 2015; 9
Jin (B16) 2018; 39
Shuangshuang (B14) 2016; 45
Weg (B5) 2011; 13
Xingfu (B21) 2005; 9
Xiaoshi (B17) 2021; 1
Participation (B18) 2005
Sameroff (B26) 1998
Lietz (B31) 2007; 30
Siqi (B15) 2014; 22
Yasong (B24) 2006; 29
Emma (B8) 2013; 8
Hopstock (B28) 2011
Felitti (B1) 2019; 56
Naixue (B12) 2013; 27
Chescheir (B22) 1979; 2
Dube (B3) 2003; 111
(B7) 2019; 8
Linsheng (B11) 2010; 31
Jin (B29) 2013; 33
Larkin (B4) 2012; 40
Finkelhor (B30) 2015; 48
Pluess (B27) 2010; 1
Bernstein (B19) 1998
Goodman (B23) 1997; 38
References_xml – volume-title: Tips to Help Your Child through Early Adolescence – Helping Your Child through Early Adolescence
  year: 2005
  ident: B18
– volume-title: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: A Retrospective Self-report Manual
  year: 1998
  ident: B19
– volume: 27
  start-page: 669
  year: 2011
  ident: B20
  article-title: Reliability and validity evaluation of childhood abuse questionnaire (Chinese Version)
  publication-title: Chin J Public Health.
  doi: 10.11847/zgggws-2011-27-05-71
– volume: 8
  start-page: e53551
  year: 2013
  ident: B8
  article-title: Multi-exposure and clustering of adverse childhood experiences, socioeconomic differences and psychotropic medication in young adults
  publication-title: PLoS ONE.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053551
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1419
  year: 2006
  ident: B24
  article-title: Strengths and difficulties questionnaire research
  publication-title: Psychol Sci.
  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-6981.2006.06.032
– volume: 40
  start-page: 335
  year: 2012
  ident: B4
  article-title: Mobilizing resilience and recovery in response to adverse childhood experiences (ACE): a restorative integral support (RIS) case study
  publication-title: J Prev Interven Commun.
  doi: 10.1080/10852352.2012.707466
– volume: 71
  start-page: 243
  year: 2009
  ident: B6
  article-title: Cumulative childhood stress and autoimmune diseases in adults
  publication-title: Psychosom Med.
  doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181907888
– volume: 9
  start-page: 953
  year: 2015
  ident: B25
  article-title: Association between adverse experiences in childhood and risk of chronic diseases in adulthood
  publication-title: Chin J Epidemiol.
  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2015.09.010
– volume: 1
  start-page: 59
  year: 2021
  ident: B17
  article-title: Relationships between maternal educational attainment and adolescents' academic self-esteem: The mediating role of parenting style and the moderation role of gender
  publication-title: Stud Physiol Behav.
  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0628.2021.01.009
– volume: 23
  start-page: 927
  year: 2015
  ident: B10
  article-title: Abuse in childhood and college students' aggressive behavior
  publication-title: Chin J Child Health Care.
  doi: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2015-23-09-10
– volume: 48
  start-page: 13
  year: 2015
  ident: B30
  article-title: A revised inventory of Adverse Childhood Experiences
  publication-title: Child Abuse Neglect.
  doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.07.011
– volume: 27
  start-page: 213
  year: 2013
  ident: B12
  article-title: Cumulative effects and aggressive behaviors of medical freshmen with adverse childhood experiences
  publication-title: Chin Mental Health J.
  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2013.03.011
– volume: 56
  start-page: 774
  year: 2019
  ident: B1
  article-title: Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study
  publication-title: Am J Prev Med.
  doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.04.001
– volume: 38
  start-page: 581
  year: 1997
  ident: B23
  article-title: The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: a research note
  publication-title: J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x
– volume: 1
  start-page: 14
  year: 2010
  ident: B27
  article-title: Children's differential susceptibility to effects of parenting
  publication-title: Fam Sci.
  doi: 10.1080/19424620903388554
– volume: 9
  start-page: 105
  year: 2005
  ident: B21
  article-title: Reliability and validity of childhood abuse questionnaire (Chinese Version)
  publication-title: J Clin Rehabilit Tissue Eng Res.
  doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1673-8225.2005.16.037
– volume: 2
  start-page: 89
  year: 1979
  ident: B22
  article-title: Social role discrepancies as clues to practice
  publication-title: Soc Work.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9515.1979.tb00660.x
– volume: 45
  start-page: 857
  year: 2016
  ident: B14
  article-title: Adverse childhood experiences and lifelong health
  publication-title: J Hygiene Res.
  doi: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2016.05.029
– volume: 30
  start-page: 73
  year: 2007
  ident: B31
  article-title: Strengths-based group practice: three case studies
  publication-title: Soc Work Groups.
  doi: 10.1300/J009v30n02_07
– volume: 51
  start-page: 842
  year: 2017
  ident: B13
  article-title: Intergenerational effects of maternal adverse childhood experiences and ethnicity on high-risk smoking behavior
  publication-title: Chin J Preven Med.
– volume-title: Technical Report and User's Guide for the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA): 2009 Data Files and Database with US Specific Variables. NCES 2011-025
  year: 2011
  ident: B28
– start-page: 391
  year: 2016
  ident: B2
  article-title: Adverse childhood experiences and behavioral problems in middle childhood
  publication-title: Child Abuse Negl.
  doi: 10.1017/S0954579400000651
– volume: 39
  start-page: 4
  year: 2018
  ident: B16
  article-title: Behavioral problems and integrated family determinants among the preschool left-behind children
  publication-title: Chin J Sch Health.
  doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.03.019
– volume: 13
  start-page: 616
  year: 2011
  ident: B5
  article-title: Adverse childhood experiences and cigarette smoking: the 2009 Arkansas and Louisiana Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Systems
  publication-title: Nicotine Tobacco Res Off J Soc Res Nicotine Tobacco.
  doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntr023
– volume: 22
  start-page: 833
  year: 2014
  ident: B15
  article-title: Research progress in adverse childhood experiences and childhood obesity
  publication-title: Chin J Child Health Care.
  doi: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-08-15
– volume-title: Family and Social Influences on the Development of Child Competence. Families, Risk, and Competence (161–185)
  year: 1998
  ident: B26
– volume: 8
  start-page: 1177
  year: 2019
  ident: B7
  article-title: Association between adverse childhood experiences and adolescent depression: a Meta-analysis
  publication-title: Chin J School Health.
– volume: 33
  start-page: 159
  year: 2013
  ident: B29
  article-title: The gender difference between school environment and student achievement—an empirical study of seven junior high schools in Guangzhou
  publication-title: Society.
  doi: 10.15992/j.cnki.31-1123/c.2013.05.010
– volume: 111
  start-page: 564
  year: 2003
  ident: B3
  article-title: Childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction and the risk of illicit drug use: the adverse childhood experiences study
  publication-title: Pediatrics.
  doi: 10.1542/peds.111.3.564
– volume: 31
  start-page: 1115
  year: 2010
  ident: B11
  article-title: The relationship between internet addiction and suicidal behavior among adolescents
  publication-title: Chin J Epidemiol.
  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2010.10.010
– volume: 25
  start-page: 902
  year: 2017
  ident: B9
  article-title: Impacts of childhood psychological abuse on adolescent aggression: mediating effect of security and loneliness
  publication-title: Chin J Clin Psychol.
  doi: 10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2017.05.024
SSID ssj0000399365
Score 2.2895076
Snippet The aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between ACEs and behavioral problems of children in their early adolescence in Chinese society....
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
StartPage 896379
SubjectTerms adverse childhood experiences
behavioral problems
children
Chinese children
experience study
Psychiatry
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV09T8MwELUQEwsCAaJ8yUhMSIHWH7HNVhAIIcFEpW6W7diiA2lF2oF_z53TlmZiYXWixH7n5N7pzu8IudIcWHtyqfCSyUKooAoXQyqMU0onHRnLxZivb-XzSLyM5Xij1RfWhLXywC1wtxwoTPDeVwOInySQrD6vNEslZwbIdXvMF3zeRjCV_8Hod0vZpjEhCjO3adZ8Y-0kYzcaNh2Wbm04oqzX3yGZ3RLJDZ_ztEd2l2SRDttJ7pOtWB-Qr9xDuYk0rFSJaVzrFTfU1RX9PXtPlw1jGjqpaUQxY7rWcArxjg5h9HM2yTohNEvN0mnCJ2NjSro66X1IRk-P7w_PxbJzQhG4EfPCBFmpCruL9R0ro0o8pAqIlNSA5MCzZIRzHmIF149MRNR88UKiUg0bBB1KfkS262kdjwmVTpQOYhqudBRBJMOUk1p5gL8EuqB75HoFo521AhkWAgvE3GbMLWJuW8x75B6BXt-I2tZ5ACxulxa3f1m8Ry5XZrLwLWCCw9VxumgsU5hnhDXwHlEd-3Xe2L1STz6yqrbBjGVfnvzHFE_JDq46FwqaM7I9_1rEcyAvc3-R9-kP8fTuTg
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
Title Adverse childhood experiences and behavioral problems in early adolescence: An empirical study of chinese children
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/2707604213
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9395705
https://doaj.org/article/3099cbbbd1274581b03d82f632955008
Volume 13
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Na9wwEB3SFEoupSUJ3bQJKuRUcLKrD0suhJKUhlBIT13ITUiy1C403s16A82_74zW3sSQU6-yZVkjyfPGI70HcGwEovbkUuEVV4XUQRcuhlRUTmuTTOQ8b8a8_lFeTeX3G3WzBb28VWfA9tnQjvSkpss_J3_vHr7ggj-jiBP97WlatA-0LZLzE4PzSVcv4CU6Jk2CBtcd2s8fZnLGpVrnNp-vuQOvRCYo0ZOBo8p8_gMQOtxC-cQnXb6B1x2YZOfr0X8LW7HZhWXWWG4jCz1rMYsbPuOWuaZmj2fzWSco07JZwyKRHbMNx1OIn9k5lt4uZplHhGUqWjZP9GQSrmT9SfA9mF5--_n1quiUFYogKrkqqqBqXZP62NjxMuokQqoRaCnjvZ94nirpnMdYwo0jl5E4YbxUxGTDJ8GEUuzDdjNv4jtgysnSYcwjtIkyyFRx7ZTRnmPghXDCjOBTb0a7WBNoWAw8yPw2m9-S-e3a_CO4IENvbiTu61wwX_6y3VKyAkFtwPesJxhRK4TdY1EbnkqBTSqENCP42A-TxbVCCRDXxPl9a7mmPCT2QYxAD8Zv0OLwSjP7nVm3K8pojtXBf9d8DzvU1bx7sPoA26vlfTxERLPyR_lPwFGerf8Aqjr5mg
linkProvider Scholars Portal
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Adverse+childhood+experiences+and+behavioral+problems+in+early+adolescence%3A+An+empirical+study+of+chinese+children&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+psychiatry&rft.au=Chen%2C+Yunfan&rft.date=2022-08-09&rft.pub=Frontiers+Media+S.A&rft.eissn=1664-0640&rft.volume=13&rft_id=info:doi/10.3389%2Ffpsyt.2022.896379&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36016971&rft.externalDocID=PMC9395705
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1664-0640&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1664-0640&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1664-0640&client=summon