Through-Wall Multi-Subject Localization and Vital Signs Monitoring Using UWB MIMO Imaging Radar

Radar-based non-contact vital signs monitoring has great value in through-wall detection applications. This paper presents the theoretical and experimental study of through-wall respiration and heartbeat pattern extraction from multiple subjects. To detect the vital signs of multiple subjects, we em...

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Published inRemote sensing (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 13; no. 15; p. 2905
Main Authors Li, Zhi, Jin, Tian, Dai, Yongpeng, Song, Yongkun
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2021
Subjects
Algorithms
Continuous radiation
Criteria
Decomposition
Doppler radar
EKG
Electrocardiography
Heart rate
humans
Imaging radar
Localization
MIMO communication
Monitoring
multi-subject localization
Radar
Radar imaging
Radar systems
Remote sensing
Respiration
respiration and heartbeat patterns
Signal to noise ratio
Telemedicine
through-wall radar imaging
Ultrawideband radar
Vibrations
vital signs detection
VMD
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Abstract Radar-based non-contact vital signs monitoring has great value in through-wall detection applications. This paper presents the theoretical and experimental study of through-wall respiration and heartbeat pattern extraction from multiple subjects. To detect the vital signs of multiple subjects, we employ a low-frequency ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) imaging radar and derive the relationship between radar images and vibrations caused by human cardiopulmonary movements. The derivation indicates that MIMO radar imaging with the stepped-frequency continuous-wave (SFCW) improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) critically by the factor of radar channel number times frequency number compared with continuous-wave (CW) Doppler radars. We also apply the three-dimensional (3-D) higher-order cumulant (HOC) to locate multiple subjects and extract the phase sequence of the radar images as the vital signs signal. To monitor the cardiopulmonary activities, we further exploit the VMD algorithm with a proposed grouping criterion to adaptively separate the respiration and heartbeat patterns. A series of experiments have validated the localization and detection of multiple subjects behind a wall. The VMD algorithm is suitable for separating the weaker heartbeat pattern from the stronger respiration pattern by the grouping criterion. Moreover, the continuous monitoring of heart rate (HR) by the MIMO radar in real scenarios shows a strong consistency with the reference electrocardiogram (ECG).
AbstractList Radar-based non-contact vital signs monitoring has great value in through-wall detection applications. This paper presents the theoretical and experimental study of through-wall respiration and heartbeat pattern extraction from multiple subjects. To detect the vital signs of multiple subjects, we employ a low-frequency ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) imaging radar and derive the relationship between radar images and vibrations caused by human cardiopulmonary movements. The derivation indicates that MIMO radar imaging with the stepped-frequency continuous-wave (SFCW) improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) critically by the factor of radar channel number times frequency number compared with continuous-wave (CW) Doppler radars. We also apply the three-dimensional (3-D) higher-order cumulant (HOC) to locate multiple subjects and extract the phase sequence of the radar images as the vital signs signal. To monitor the cardiopulmonary activities, we further exploit the VMD algorithm with a proposed grouping criterion to adaptively separate the respiration and heartbeat patterns. A series of experiments have validated the localization and detection of multiple subjects behind a wall. The VMD algorithm is suitable for separating the weaker heartbeat pattern from the stronger respiration pattern by the grouping criterion. Moreover, the continuous monitoring of heart rate (HR) by the MIMO radar in real scenarios shows a strong consistency with the reference electrocardiogram (ECG).
Author Li, Zhi
Song, Yongkun
Dai, Yongpeng
Jin, Tian
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Snippet Radar-based non-contact vital signs monitoring has great value in through-wall detection applications. This paper presents the theoretical and experimental...
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SubjectTerms Algorithms
Continuous radiation
Criteria
Decomposition
Doppler radar
EKG
Electrocardiography
Heart rate
humans
Imaging radar
Localization
MIMO communication
Monitoring
multi-subject localization
Radar
Radar imaging
Radar systems
Remote sensing
Respiration
respiration and heartbeat patterns
Signal to noise ratio
Telemedicine
through-wall radar imaging
Ultrawideband radar
Vibrations
vital signs detection
VMD
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Title Through-Wall Multi-Subject Localization and Vital Signs Monitoring Using UWB MIMO Imaging Radar
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Volume 13
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