Baltic Sea climate in the late twenty-first century : a dynamical downscaling approach using two global models and two emission scenarios

• Published in: Climate dynamics Vol. 27; no. 1; pp. 39 - 68
• Main Author: MARKUS MEIER, H. E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Heidelberg Springer 01.07.2006; Berlin Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Deep water; Earth, ocean, space; Exact sciences and technology; External geophysics; Freshwater; Global warming; Marine; Meteorology; Ocean circulation; Ocean-atmosphere interaction; Physics of the oceans; Properties; River discharge; River flow; Runoff; Salinity; Sea ice; Sea level; Sea-air exchange processes; Sea-water; Seawater; Water circulation; Wind speed; Winter; Northeast Atlantic; North Atlantic; Baltic Sea; ANE, Baltic Sea; salinity; Century 21st; Scale reduction; Atlantic Ocean; Regional scope; water balance; Climate models; digital simulation; Sea surface temperature; ocean-atmosphere interaction; Forecast model; Ice extent; greenhouse gas; Dynamical climatology; Ocean-atmosphere model; climate modification; sea ice; Ventilation; Forcing; heat transfer; sea level

A regional ocean circulation model was used to project Baltic Sea climate at the end of the twenty-first century. A set of four scenario simulations was performed utilizing two global models and two forcing scenarios. To reduce model biases and to spin up future salinity the so-called Δ-change appro...