Historical demography and longevity genetics: Back to the future

•Heritability and segregation of lifespan and longevity.•Systematic overview of demographic twin and pedigree studies.•Historical data is expected to be a useful resource in identifying human longevity loci.•The terminology lifespan and longevity are conceptually different and should not be confused...

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Published inAgeing research reviews Vol. 38; pp. 28 - 39
Main Authors van den Berg, Niels, Beekman, Marian, Smith, Ken Robert, Janssens, Angelique, Slagboom, Pieternella Eline
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier B.V 01.09.2017
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Abstract •Heritability and segregation of lifespan and longevity.•Systematic overview of demographic twin and pedigree studies.•Historical data is expected to be a useful resource in identifying human longevity loci.•The terminology lifespan and longevity are conceptually different and should not be confused. Research into the genetic component of human longevity can provide important insights in mechanisms that may protect against age-related diseases and multi-morbidity. Thus far only a limited number of robust longevity loci have been detected in either candidate or genome wide association studies. One of the issues in these genetic studies is the definition of the trait being either lifespan, including any age at death or longevity, i.e. survival above a diverse series of thresholds. Likewise heritability and segregation research have conflated lifespan with longevity. The heritability of lifespan estimated across most studies has been rather low. Environmental factors have not been sufficiently investigated and the total amount of genetic variance contributing to longevity has not been estimated in sufficiently well-defined and powered studies. Up to now, genetic longevity studies lack the required insights into the nature and size of the genetic component and the optimal strategies for meta-analysis and subject selection for Next Generation Sequencing efforts. Historical demographic data containing deep genealogical information may help in estimating the best definition and heritability for longevity, its transmission patterns in multi-generational datasets and may allow relevant additive and modifying environmental factors such as socio-economic status, geographical background, exposure to environmental effects, birth order, and number of children to be included. In this light historical demographic data may be very useful for identifying lineages in human populations that are worth investigating further by geneticists.
AbstractList •Heritability and segregation of lifespan and longevity.•Systematic overview of demographic twin and pedigree studies.•Historical data is expected to be a useful resource in identifying human longevity loci.•The terminology lifespan and longevity are conceptually different and should not be confused. Research into the genetic component of human longevity can provide important insights in mechanisms that may protect against age-related diseases and multi-morbidity. Thus far only a limited number of robust longevity loci have been detected in either candidate or genome wide association studies. One of the issues in these genetic studies is the definition of the trait being either lifespan, including any age at death or longevity, i.e. survival above a diverse series of thresholds. Likewise heritability and segregation research have conflated lifespan with longevity. The heritability of lifespan estimated across most studies has been rather low. Environmental factors have not been sufficiently investigated and the total amount of genetic variance contributing to longevity has not been estimated in sufficiently well-defined and powered studies. Up to now, genetic longevity studies lack the required insights into the nature and size of the genetic component and the optimal strategies for meta-analysis and subject selection for Next Generation Sequencing efforts. Historical demographic data containing deep genealogical information may help in estimating the best definition and heritability for longevity, its transmission patterns in multi-generational datasets and may allow relevant additive and modifying environmental factors such as socio-economic status, geographical background, exposure to environmental effects, birth order, and number of children to be included. In this light historical demographic data may be very useful for identifying lineages in human populations that are worth investigating further by geneticists.
Research into the genetic component of human longevity can provide important insights in mechanisms that may protect against age-related diseases and multi-morbidity. Thus far only a limited number of robust longevity loci have been detected in either candidate or genome wide association studies. One of the issues in these genetic studies is the definition of the trait being either lifespan, including any age at death or longevity, i.e. survival above a diverse series of thresholds. Likewise heritability and segregation research have conflated lifespan with longevity. The heritability of lifespan estimated across most studies has been rather low. Environmental factors have not been sufficiently investigated and the total amount of genetic variance contributing to longevity has not been estimated in sufficiently well-defined and powered studies. Up to now, genetic longevity studies lack the required insights into the nature and size of the genetic component and the optimal strategies for meta-analysis and subject selection for Next Generation Sequencing efforts. Historical demographic data containing deep genealogical information may help in estimating the best definition and heritability for longevity, its transmission patterns in multi-generational datasets and may allow relevant additive and modifying environmental factors such as socio-economic status, geographical background, exposure to environmental effects, birth order, and number of children to be included. In this light historical demographic data may be very useful for identifying lineages in human populations that are worth investigating further by geneticists.Research into the genetic component of human longevity can provide important insights in mechanisms that may protect against age-related diseases and multi-morbidity. Thus far only a limited number of robust longevity loci have been detected in either candidate or genome wide association studies. One of the issues in these genetic studies is the definition of the trait being either lifespan, including any age at death or longevity, i.e. survival above a diverse series of thresholds. Likewise heritability and segregation research have conflated lifespan with longevity. The heritability of lifespan estimated across most studies has been rather low. Environmental factors have not been sufficiently investigated and the total amount of genetic variance contributing to longevity has not been estimated in sufficiently well-defined and powered studies. Up to now, genetic longevity studies lack the required insights into the nature and size of the genetic component and the optimal strategies for meta-analysis and subject selection for Next Generation Sequencing efforts. Historical demographic data containing deep genealogical information may help in estimating the best definition and heritability for longevity, its transmission patterns in multi-generational datasets and may allow relevant additive and modifying environmental factors such as socio-economic status, geographical background, exposure to environmental effects, birth order, and number of children to be included. In this light historical demographic data may be very useful for identifying lineages in human populations that are worth investigating further by geneticists.
Research into the genetic component of human longevity can provide important insights in mechanisms that may protect against age-related diseases and multi-morbidity. Thus far only a limited number of robust longevity loci have been detected in either candidate or genome wide association studies. One of the issues in these genetic studies is the definition of the trait being either lifespan, including any age at death or longevity, i.e. survival above a diverse series of thresholds. Likewise heritability and segregation research have conflated lifespan with longevity. The heritability of lifespan estimated across most studies has been rather low. Environmental factors have not been sufficiently investigated and the total amount of genetic variance contributing to longevity has not been estimated in sufficiently well-defined and powered studies. Up to now, genetic longevity studies lack the required insights into the nature and size of the genetic component and the optimal strategies for meta-analysis and subject selection for Next Generation Sequencing efforts. Historical demographic data containing deep genealogical information may help in estimating the best definition and heritability for longevity, its transmission patterns in multi-generational datasets and may allow relevant additive and modifying environmental factors such as socio-economic status, geographical background, exposure to environmental effects, birth order, and number of children to be included. In this light historical demographic data may be very useful for identifying lineages in human populations that are worth investigating further by geneticists.
Author Janssens, Angelique
van den Berg, Niels
Beekman, Marian
Slagboom, Pieternella Eline
Smith, Ken Robert
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  givenname: Niels
  surname: van den Berg
  fullname: van den Berg, Niels
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– sequence: 2
  givenname: Marian
  surname: Beekman
  fullname: Beekman, Marian
  email: m.beekman@lumc.nl
  organization: Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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  givenname: Ken Robert
  surname: Smith
  fullname: Smith, Ken Robert
  email: ken.smith@fcs.utah.edu, ken.smith@hci.utah.edu
  organization: Department of Family and Consumer Studies, Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 225 S. 1400 E. Rm 228, Salt Lake City, United States
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Angelique
  surname: Janssens
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  organization: Department of Economic, Social, and Demographic History, Radboud University, Erasmusplein 1, 6525 HT Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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  givenname: Pieternella Eline
  surname: Slagboom
  fullname: Slagboom, Pieternella Eline
  email: p.slagboom@lumc.nl
  organization: Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28689042$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords Genetics
Demography
Longevity
Review
Historical data
Inheritance
Language English
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Snippet •Heritability and segregation of lifespan and longevity.•Systematic overview of demographic twin and pedigree studies.•Historical data is expected to be a...
Research into the genetic component of human longevity can provide important insights in mechanisms that may protect against age-related diseases and...
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SubjectTerms Demography
Gene-Environment Interaction
Genetic Variation
Genetics
Genome-Wide Association Study
Historical data
Humans
Inheritance
Inheritance Patterns
Life Expectancy
Longevity
Longevity - genetics
Phenotype
Review
Title Historical demography and longevity genetics: Back to the future
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