Synthesis of a bio-based flame retardant via a facile strategy and its synergistic effect with ammonium polyphosphate on the flame retardancy of polylactic acid

•A novel bio-based flame retardant was synthesized via a simple ionic reaction.•The synergistic effects of IFR on combustion behaviors of PLA were explored.•APP/ATMP-NA-Fe endowed PLA with excellent flame-retardant performance. The high flammability and severe melt-dripping during the combustion are...

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Published inPolymer degradation and stability Vol. 191; p. 109684
Main Authors Zhan, Yuanyuan, Wu, Xujuan, Wang, Shasha, Yuan, Bihe, Fang, Quan, Shang, Sheng, Cao, Chengran, Chen, Gongqing
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Elsevier Ltd 01.09.2021
Elsevier BV
Subjects
ammonium polyphosphates
Bio-based flame retardant
calorimetry
Chemical synthesis
Combustion
Composite materials
degradation
Enthalpy
Ferric chloride
Fire hazards
Flame retardants
Flammability
heat
Heat release rate
Melt-dripping
Nicotinamide
oxygen
Phosphonic acids
phosphorous acid
Polyester resins
Polylactic acid
Raw materials
Renewable resources
synergism
Synergistic effect
Thermal properties
Vapor phases
Bio-based flame retardant
Thermal properties
Melt-dripping
Polylactic acid
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Abstract •A novel bio-based flame retardant was synthesized via a simple ionic reaction.•The synergistic effects of IFR on combustion behaviors of PLA were explored.•APP/ATMP-NA-Fe endowed PLA with excellent flame-retardant performance. The high flammability and severe melt-dripping during the combustion are the most marked fire hazards for polyesters, such as polylactic acid (PLA). In this work, a bio-based flame retardant (ATMP-NA-Fe) was successfully synthesized by a simple aqueous ionic reaction by using amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP), nicotinamide (NA) and FeCl3•6H2O as raw materials. The ATMP-NA-Fe and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) have good synergistic effects on improving the flame-retardant performance and retarding the combustion melt-dripping of PLA. With a 10 wt% total loading of ATMP-NA-Fe and APP (1:1), the limiting oxygen index value of corresponding PLA composite (PLA3) increases from 20.1% to 32.8%, and it passes UL-94 V-0 rating without melt dripping. The cone calorimetry results show that compared with pure PLA, the peak heat release rate, total heat release and average mass loss rate of PLA3 are reduced by 66.4%, 14.9% and 76.7%, respectively. Via the analysis on the condensed and gas phase products, the flame-retardant mechanism of PLA/APP/ATMP-NA-Fe composites is proposed. This work provides a new approach for improving flame-retardant performance of PLA and promoting the utilization of renewable resource.
AbstractList •A novel bio-based flame retardant was synthesized via a simple ionic reaction.•The synergistic effects of IFR on combustion behaviors of PLA were explored.•APP/ATMP-NA-Fe endowed PLA with excellent flame-retardant performance. The high flammability and severe melt-dripping during the combustion are the most marked fire hazards for polyesters, such as polylactic acid (PLA). In this work, a bio-based flame retardant (ATMP-NA-Fe) was successfully synthesized by a simple aqueous ionic reaction by using amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP), nicotinamide (NA) and FeCl3•6H2O as raw materials. The ATMP-NA-Fe and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) have good synergistic effects on improving the flame-retardant performance and retarding the combustion melt-dripping of PLA. With a 10 wt% total loading of ATMP-NA-Fe and APP (1:1), the limiting oxygen index value of corresponding PLA composite (PLA3) increases from 20.1% to 32.8%, and it passes UL-94 V-0 rating without melt dripping. The cone calorimetry results show that compared with pure PLA, the peak heat release rate, total heat release and average mass loss rate of PLA3 are reduced by 66.4%, 14.9% and 76.7%, respectively. Via the analysis on the condensed and gas phase products, the flame-retardant mechanism of PLA/APP/ATMP-NA-Fe composites is proposed. This work provides a new approach for improving flame-retardant performance of PLA and promoting the utilization of renewable resource.
The high flammability and severe melt-dripping during the combustion are the most marked fire hazards for polyesters, such as polylactic acid (PLA). In this work, a bio-based flame retardant (ATMP-NA-Fe) was successfully synthesized by a simple aqueous ionic reaction by using amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP), nicotinamide (NA) and FeCl₃•6H₂O as raw materials. The ATMP-NA-Fe and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) have good synergistic effects on improving the flame-retardant performance and retarding the combustion melt-dripping of PLA. With a 10 wt% total loading of ATMP-NA-Fe and APP (1:1), the limiting oxygen index value of corresponding PLA composite (PLA3) increases from 20.1% to 32.8%, and it passes UL-94 V-0 rating without melt dripping. The cone calorimetry results show that compared with pure PLA, the peak heat release rate, total heat release and average mass loss rate of PLA3 are reduced by 66.4%, 14.9% and 76.7%, respectively. Via the analysis on the condensed and gas phase products, the flame-retardant mechanism of PLA/APP/ATMP-NA-Fe composites is proposed. This work provides a new approach for improving flame-retardant performance of PLA and promoting the utilization of renewable resource.
The high flammability and severe melt-dripping during the combustion are the most marked fire hazards for polyesters, such as polylactic acid (PLA). In this work, a bio-based flame retardant (ATMP-NA-Fe) was successfully synthesized by a simple aqueous ionic reaction by using amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP), nicotinamide (NA) and FeCl3•6H2O as raw materials. The ATMP-NA-Fe and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) have good synergistic effects on improving the flame-retardant performance and retarding the combustion melt-dripping of PLA. With a 10 wt% total loading of ATMP-NA-Fe and APP (1:1), the limiting oxygen index value of corresponding PLA composite (PLA3) increases from 20.1% to 32.8%, and it passes UL-94 V-0 rating without melt dripping. The cone calorimetry results show that compared with pure PLA, the peak heat release rate, total heat release and average mass loss rate of PLA3 are reduced by 66.4%, 14.9% and 76.7%, respectively. Via the analysis on the condensed and gas phase products, the flame-retardant mechanism of PLA/APP/ATMP-NA-Fe composites is proposed. This work provides a new approach for improving flame-retardant performance of PLA and promoting the utilization of renewable resource.
ArticleNumber 109684
Author Zhan, Yuanyuan
Wu, Xujuan
Wang, Shasha
Shang, Sheng
Yuan, Bihe
Cao, Chengran
Fang, Quan
Chen, Gongqing
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  surname: Zhan
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  fullname: Wu, Xujuan
  organization: School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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  givenname: Shasha
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Shasha
  organization: School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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  givenname: Bihe
  surname: Yuan
  fullname: Yuan, Bihe
  email: yuanbh@whut.edu.cn
  organization: School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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  organization: School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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  fullname: Cao, Chengran
  organization: School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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  givenname: Gongqing
  surname: Chen
  fullname: Chen, Gongqing
  organization: School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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Thermal properties
Melt-dripping
Polylactic acid
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Snippet •A novel bio-based flame retardant was synthesized via a simple ionic reaction.•The synergistic effects of IFR on combustion behaviors of PLA were...
The high flammability and severe melt-dripping during the combustion are the most marked fire hazards for polyesters, such as polylactic acid (PLA). In this...
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SubjectTerms ammonium polyphosphates
Bio-based flame retardant
calorimetry
Chemical synthesis
Combustion
Composite materials
degradation
Enthalpy
Ferric chloride
Fire hazards
Flame retardants
Flammability
heat
Heat release rate
Melt-dripping
Nicotinamide
oxygen
Phosphonic acids
phosphorous acid
Polyester resins
Polylactic acid
Raw materials
Renewable resources
synergism
Synergistic effect
Thermal properties
Vapor phases
Title Synthesis of a bio-based flame retardant via a facile strategy and its synergistic effect with ammonium polyphosphate on the flame retardancy of polylactic acid
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109684
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2581068076
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2636416203
Volume 191
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