Bromoform production from seawater treated with bromoperoxidase

• Published in: Limnology and oceanography Vol. 57; no. 6; pp. 1857 - 1866
• Main Authors: Lin, Chia Yu, Manley, Steven L.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Waco, TX John Wiley and Sons, Inc 01.11.2012; American Society of Limnology and Oceanography
• Subjects: Animal and plant ecology; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Biological and medical sciences; Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Exact sciences and technology; External geophysics; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Geochemistry; Mineralogy; Physical and chemical properties of sea water; Physics of the oceans; Sea water ecosystems; Silicates; Synecology; Water geochemistry; Southern California; Pacific Ocean; California; Northeast Pacific; United States; North Pacific; chlorides; sea water; rivers; gas chromatograms; hydrogen peroxide; bromine; runoff; concentration; degradation; North America; halides; offshore; hydrochemistry; organic materials; phytoplankton; plankton
• ISSN: 0024-3590; 1939-5590
• DOI: 10.4319/lo.2012.57.6.1857

Bromoform (CHBr₃; 11–486 fmol L−1 h−1), dibromomethane (CH₂Br₂; 0–9.4 fmol L−1 h−1), and low amounts of chloride-substituted chlorobromomethanes were produced from southern California coastal surface seawater upon the addition of algal bromoperoxidase (BrPO) and hydrogen peroxide. Production was greater from water collected near shore than 16 km offshore, presumably reflecting the difference in the reactive dissolved organic matter (DOMreact) concentrations. In the spring, there was an increase in phytoplankton abundance, and CHBr₃ production from BrPO incubations was greater, presumably due to increased DOMreact. In the winter, CH₂Br₂ production was enhanced, although still lower than CHBr₃, suggesting a qualitative change in DOM composition due to terrestrial runoff. During the month of the highest precipitation, CHBr₃ and CH2Br₂ production was enhanced in samples obtained from the mouth of an urban river, suggesting a higher concentration of DOMreact of terrestrial origins. DOM was fractionated by ultrafiltration and subject to the BrPO incubation. The higher molecular weight fractions contained a higher concentration of DOM that was susceptible to BrPO bromination, yielding polybromomethanes. Polybromomethane and iodomethane production associated with phytoplankton blooms results from the reaction between the surrounding DOM, and hypobromous acid (HOBr) and hypoiodous acid released from extracellular (apoplastic) BrPO. The reaction of HOBr and DOM (biological bleaching) could represent a significant DOM degradation pathway. Cell-free BrPO, derived from dead cells, could remain catalytically active in seawater and produce low amounts of polyhalomethanes prior to biological degradation.