Vaccine adjuvants: Understanding the structure and mechanism of adjuvanticity

In conjugate, inactivated, recombinant, and toxoid vaccines, adjuvants are extensively and essentially used for enhanced and long-lasting protective immune responses. Depending on the type of diseases and immune responses required, adjuvants with different design strategies are developed. With alumi...

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Published inVaccine Vol. 37; no. 24; pp. 3167 - 3178
Main Authors Shi, Shuting, Zhu, Haoru, Xia, Xinyu, Liang, Zhihui, Ma, Xuehu, Sun, Bingbing
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 27.05.2019
Elsevier Limited
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Abstract In conjugate, inactivated, recombinant, and toxoid vaccines, adjuvants are extensively and essentially used for enhanced and long-lasting protective immune responses. Depending on the type of diseases and immune responses required, adjuvants with different design strategies are developed. With aluminum salt-based adjuvants as the most used ones in commercial vaccines, other limited adjuvants, e.g., AS01, AS03, AS04, CpG ODN, and MF59, are used in FDA-approved vaccines for human use. In this paper, we review the uses of different adjuvants in vaccines including the ones used in FDA-approved vaccines and vaccines under clinical investigations. We discuss how adjuvants with different formulations could affect the magnitude and quality of adaptive immune response for optimized protection against specific pathogens. We emphasize the molecular mechanisms of various adjuvants, with the aim to establish structure-activity relationships (SARs) for designing more effective and safer adjuvants for both preventative and therapeutic vaccines.
AbstractList In conjugate, inactivated, recombinant, and toxoid vaccines, adjuvants are extensively and essentially used for enhanced and long-lasting protective immune responses. Depending on the type of diseases and immune responses required, adjuvants with different design strategies are developed. With aluminum salt-based adjuvants as the most used ones in commercial vaccines, other limited adjuvants, e.g., AS01, AS03, AS04, CpG ODN, and MF59, are used in FDA-approved vaccines for human use. In this paper, we review the uses of different adjuvants in vaccines including the ones used in FDA-approved vaccines and vaccines under clinical investigations. We discuss how adjuvants with different formulations could affect the magnitude and quality of adaptive immune response for optimized protection against specific pathogens. We emphasize the molecular mechanisms of various adjuvants, with the aim to establish structure-activity relationships (SARs) for designing more effective and safer adjuvants for both preventative and therapeutic vaccines.
Author Sun, Bingbing
Liang, Zhihui
Shi, Shuting
Zhu, Haoru
Xia, Xinyu
Ma, Xuehu
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Shuting
  surname: Shi
  fullname: Shi, Shuting
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Haoru
  surname: Zhu
  fullname: Zhu, Haoru
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Xinyu
  surname: Xia
  fullname: Xia, Xinyu
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Zhihui
  surname: Liang
  fullname: Liang, Zhihui
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Xuehu
  surname: Ma
  fullname: Ma, Xuehu
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Bingbing
  orcidid: 0000-0002-5444-5078
  surname: Sun
  fullname: Sun, Bingbing
  email: bingbingsun@dlut.edu.cn
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31047671$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords Aluminum salt
Adjuvant
Immunogenicity
Structure-activity relationship
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Snippet In conjugate, inactivated, recombinant, and toxoid vaccines, adjuvants are extensively and essentially used for enhanced and long-lasting protective immune...
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SubjectTerms Adaptive immunity
Adjuvant
Adjuvanticity
Adjuvants
Aluminum
Aluminum salt
Antigens
CpG islands
Diphtheria
FDA approval
Formulations
Hepatitis
Human papillomavirus
Immune response
Immune system
Immunogenicity
Infectious diseases
Influenza
Licenses
Lipids
Malaria
Molecular modelling
Oligonucleotides
Structure-activity relationship
Structure-activity relationships
Tetanus
Tropical diseases
Vaccines
Viruses
Whooping cough
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Title Vaccine adjuvants: Understanding the structure and mechanism of adjuvanticity
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.055
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