Immunostimulation by starch hydrogel-based oral vaccine using formalin-killed cells against edwardsiellosis in Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica
•Edwardsiellosis causes significant losses in Japanese eel aquaculture.•Antibiotics or injection/immersion vaccines show limited effectiveness.•Starch hydrogel oral (SHO) vaccines were superior to formalin-killed cell vaccines.•Repeat SHO vaccination improved effectiveness, up to four days. Edwardsi...
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Published in | Vaccine Vol. 38; no. 22; pp. 3847 - 3853 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
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08.05.2020
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Abstract | •Edwardsiellosis causes significant losses in Japanese eel aquaculture.•Antibiotics or injection/immersion vaccines show limited effectiveness.•Starch hydrogel oral (SHO) vaccines were superior to formalin-killed cell vaccines.•Repeat SHO vaccination improved effectiveness, up to four days.
Edwardsiellosis outbreaks cause significant losses in Japanese eel aquaculture. The causative agent, Edwardsiella tarda, is an intracellular pathogen, and the use of antibiotics has a limited effectiveness. As Japanese eels are sensitive to stress, injection vaccines are not recommended for treatment; immersion methods are less stressful, but not cost-effective. Alternatively, oral vaccination methods are more promising. The aim of this study was to develop a starch hydrogel-based oral (SHO) vaccine against edwardsiellosis in Japanese eel, using formalin-killed cells. To assess the protective effect, we compared SHO vaccine with the conventional formalin-killed cell (FKC) vaccine. A bacterial agglutination test showed that agglutination titers in SHO-vaccinated group were higher than in the FKC-vaccinated group. Japanese eel survival rate (%) was monitored after challenge by E. tarda at four weeks post-vaccination. Survival rates in the FKC group (60%, first trial; 70%, second trial) were lower than in SHO groups. Percentage survival rates in three SHO groups (first and second trials, respectively) were as follows: 70% and 80% in the group vaccinated once per day for one day; and 80% and 90% in both groups vaccinated for four and eight days. Additionally, a boost SHO vaccination at 46 days prompted a similar or even higher protection against edwardsiellosis than after the initial vaccination. Both FKC and SHO vaccination upregulated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α), and host defense cytokine (interferon (IFN)-α) in all immunized groups of fish when compared with the control. These results reveal the immunostimulation effect of SHO vaccine in Japanese eel, emphasizing its potential as an oral vaccine in aquaculture. |
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AbstractList | Edwardsiellosis outbreaks cause significant losses in Japanese eel aquaculture. The causative agent, Edwardsiella tarda, is an intracellular pathogen, and the use of antibiotics has a limited effectiveness. As Japanese eels are sensitive to stress, injection vaccines are not recommended for treatment; immersion methods are less stressful, but not cost-effective. Alternatively, oral vaccination methods are more promising. The aim of this study was to develop a starch hydrogel-based oral (SHO) vaccine against edwardsiellosis in Japanese eel, using formalin-killed cells. To assess the protective effect, we compared SHO vaccine with the conventional formalin-killed cell (FKC) vaccine. A bacterial agglutination test showed that agglutination titers in SHO-vaccinated group were higher than in the FKC-vaccinated group. Japanese eel survival rate (%) was monitored after challenge by E. tarda at four weeks post-vaccination. Survival rates in the FKC group (60%, first trial; 70%, second trial) were lower than in SHO groups. Percentage survival rates in three SHO groups (first and second trials, respectively) were as follows: 70% and 80% in the group vaccinated once per day for one day; and 80% and 90% in both groups vaccinated for four and eight days. Additionally, a boost SHO vaccination at 46 days prompted a similar or even higher protection against edwardsiellosis than after the initial vaccination. Both FKC and SHO vaccination upregulated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α), and host defense cytokine (interferon (IFN)-α) in all immunized groups of fish when compared with the control. These results reveal the immunostimulation effect of SHO vaccine in Japanese eel, emphasizing its potential as an oral vaccine in aquaculture. Edwardsiellosis outbreaks cause significant losses in Japanese eel aquaculture. The causative agent, Edwardsiella tarda, is an intracellular pathogen, and the use of antibiotics has a limited effectiveness. As Japanese eels are sensitive to stress, injection vaccines are not recommended for treatment; immersion methods are less stressful, but not cost-effective. Alternatively, oral vaccination methods are more promising. The aim of this study was to develop a starch hydrogel-based oral (SHO) vaccine against edwardsiellosis in Japanese eel, using formalin-killed cells. To assess the protective effect, we compared SHO vaccine with the conventional formalin-killed cell (FKC) vaccine. A bacterial agglutination test showed that agglutination titers in SHO-vaccinated group were higher than in the FKC-vaccinated group. Japanese eel survival rate (%) was monitored after challenge by E. tarda at four weeks post-vaccination. Survival rates in the FKC group (60%, first trial; 70%, second trial) were lower than in SHO groups. Percentage survival rates in three SHO groups (first and second trials, respectively) were as follows: 70% and 80% in the group vaccinated once per day for one day; and 80% and 90% in both groups vaccinated for four and eight days. Additionally, a boost SHO vaccination at 46 days prompted a similar or even higher protection against edwardsiellosis than after the initial vaccination. Both FKC and SHO vaccination upregulated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α), and host defense cytokine (interferon (IFN)-α) in all immunized groups of fish when compared with the control. These results reveal the immunostimulation effect of SHO vaccine in Japanese eel, emphasizing its potential as an oral vaccine in aquaculture. •Edwardsiellosis causes significant losses in Japanese eel aquaculture.•Antibiotics or injection/immersion vaccines show limited effectiveness.•Starch hydrogel oral (SHO) vaccines were superior to formalin-killed cell vaccines.•Repeat SHO vaccination improved effectiveness, up to four days. Edwardsiellosis outbreaks cause significant losses in Japanese eel aquaculture. The causative agent, Edwardsiella tarda, is an intracellular pathogen, and the use of antibiotics has a limited effectiveness. As Japanese eels are sensitive to stress, injection vaccines are not recommended for treatment; immersion methods are less stressful, but not cost-effective. Alternatively, oral vaccination methods are more promising. The aim of this study was to develop a starch hydrogel-based oral (SHO) vaccine against edwardsiellosis in Japanese eel, using formalin-killed cells. To assess the protective effect, we compared SHO vaccine with the conventional formalin-killed cell (FKC) vaccine. A bacterial agglutination test showed that agglutination titers in SHO-vaccinated group were higher than in the FKC-vaccinated group. Japanese eel survival rate (%) was monitored after challenge by E. tarda at four weeks post-vaccination. Survival rates in the FKC group (60%, first trial; 70%, second trial) were lower than in SHO groups. Percentage survival rates in three SHO groups (first and second trials, respectively) were as follows: 70% and 80% in the group vaccinated once per day for one day; and 80% and 90% in both groups vaccinated for four and eight days. Additionally, a boost SHO vaccination at 46 days prompted a similar or even higher protection against edwardsiellosis than after the initial vaccination. Both FKC and SHO vaccination upregulated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α), and host defense cytokine (interferon (IFN)-α) in all immunized groups of fish when compared with the control. These results reveal the immunostimulation effect of SHO vaccine in Japanese eel, emphasizing its potential as an oral vaccine in aquaculture. |
Author | Han, Se Jin Jun, Jin Woo Kim, Sang Wha Park, Se Chang Yun, Saekil Kang, Jeong Woo Giri, Sib Sankar Kim, Hyoun Joong Kwon, Jun Guen Kim, Sang Oh, Woo Taek |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jin Woo surname: Jun fullname: Jun, Jin Woo organization: Department of Aquaculture, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea – sequence: 2 givenname: Jeong Woo surname: Kang fullname: Kang, Jeong Woo organization: Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea – sequence: 3 givenname: Sib Sankar orcidid: 0000-0002-2383-1937 surname: Giri fullname: Giri, Sib Sankar organization: Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea – sequence: 4 givenname: Saekil orcidid: 0000-0002-4529-8934 surname: Yun fullname: Yun, Saekil organization: Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea – sequence: 5 givenname: Hyoun Joong surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Hyoun Joong organization: Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea – sequence: 6 givenname: Sang surname: Guen Kim fullname: Guen Kim, Sang organization: Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea – sequence: 7 givenname: Sang Wha surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Sang Wha organization: Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea – sequence: 8 givenname: Se Jin surname: Han fullname: Han, Se Jin organization: Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea – sequence: 9 givenname: Jun surname: Kwon fullname: Kwon, Jun organization: Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea – sequence: 10 givenname: Woo Taek surname: Oh fullname: Oh, Woo Taek organization: Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea – sequence: 11 givenname: Se Chang surname: Park fullname: Park, Se Chang email: parksec@snu.ac.kr organization: Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fsi_2021_12_051 crossref_primary_10_1111_jfd_13634 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10499_023_01193_6 crossref_primary_10_1111_jpn_14008 crossref_primary_10_3390_fishes7060398 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micpath_2021_104801 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aquaculture_2024_740771 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aquaculture_2022_738202 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsabm_2c00638 crossref_primary_10_3390_gels8040205 crossref_primary_10_1111_raq_12612 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micpath_2024_106591 |
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Keywords | Oral vaccine Starch hydrogel Immunostimulation Anguilla japonica Edwardsiellosis Edwardsiella tarda |
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Snippet | •Edwardsiellosis causes significant losses in Japanese eel aquaculture.•Antibiotics or injection/immersion vaccines show limited effectiveness.•Starch hydrogel... Edwardsiellosis outbreaks cause significant losses in Japanese eel aquaculture. The causative agent, Edwardsiella tarda, is an intracellular pathogen, and the... |
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SubjectTerms | Administration, Oral Agglutination Anguilla - immunology Anguilla japonica Animals Antibiotics Antigens Aquaculture Bacterial Vaccines - immunology Cytokines Edwardsiella tarda Edwardsiella tarda - immunology Edwardsiellosis Eels Enterobacteriaceae Infections - prevention & control Enterobacteriaceae Infections - veterinary Experiments Fish Fish Diseases - microbiology Fish Diseases - prevention & control Formaldehyde Hydrogels Immunization Immunostimulation Inflammation Interferon Interleukins Japan Morphology Oral vaccine Pathogens Starch Starch hydrogel Submerging Survival Tumor necrosis factor-α Vaccines |
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Title | Immunostimulation by starch hydrogel-based oral vaccine using formalin-killed cells against edwardsiellosis in Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica |
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