A Survey of Crystals for SPECT Imaging

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is an important nuclear medicine imaging tool for diagnosis and drug research. The gamma-ray detector is the core component of the SPECT system and influences the overall system performance. The detector crystals, which can be divided into scintilla...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inCrystals (Basel) Vol. 14; no. 12; p. 1039
Main Authors Xu, Shuyu, Yan, Zijun, Wei, Qingyang
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.12.2024
Subjects
Atoms & subatomic particles
Computed tomography
Crystals
CT imaging
Detectors
Efficiency
Energy
Gamma ray detectors
Gamma rays
Innovations
Light
Medical imaging
Medical imaging equipment
Moisture absorption
Nuclear medicine
Photon emission
Radiation
Radiation, Background
scintillation crystals
Semiconductor crystals
semiconductor detector
Sensors
SPECT
SPECT imaging
Tomography
United States
Germany
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2073-4352
2073-4352
DOI10.3390/cryst14121039

Cover

Abstract Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is an important nuclear medicine imaging tool for diagnosis and drug research. The gamma-ray detector is the core component of the SPECT system and influences the overall system performance. The detector crystals, which can be divided into scintillation crystals and semiconductor crystals, are among the main determinants of the detector’s performance. The development of these crystal materials plays an important role in improving SPECT imaging. This paper provides a survey of the technological development and applications of several crystals currently used in SPECT detectors. Furthermore, it explores future research directions for the development of detector crystals.
AbstractList Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is an important nuclear medicine imaging tool for diagnosis and drug research. The gamma-ray detector is the core component of the SPECT system and influences the overall system performance. The detector crystals, which can be divided into scintillation crystals and semiconductor crystals, are among the main determinants of the detector’s performance. The development of these crystal materials plays an important role in improving SPECT imaging. This paper provides a survey of the technological development and applications of several crystals currently used in SPECT detectors. Furthermore, it explores future research directions for the development of detector crystals.
Audience Academic
Author Yan, Zijun
Xu, Shuyu
Wei, Qingyang
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Shuyu
  surname: Xu
  fullname: Xu, Shuyu
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Zijun
  surname: Yan
  fullname: Yan, Zijun
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Qingyang
  orcidid: 0000-0002-7450-5066
  surname: Wei
  fullname: Wei, Qingyang
BookMark eNptkdFLwzAQxoNMcM49-l4QfOvMJW3SPI4xdTBQ2HwOaZqUjLWZaSfsvzdzog5MHnLcffe7HN81GrS-NQjdAp5QKvCDDoeuhwwIYCou0JBgTtOM5mTwJ75C467b4Hg4w5zDEN1Pk9U-fJhD4m0yOzLUtkusD8nqdT5bJ4tG1a6tb9CljQUz_n5H6O1xvp49p8uXp8Vsukw1FbRPM8uMETlYwQCUIYLaorIWK0JLXZbASyyIqkwcbQwDDdYYQhjkhPFCWUZHaHHiVl5t5C64RoWD9MrJr4QPtVShd3prZMkJcLAZA5pnheWCcgOgCyU4g6rIIuvuxNoF_743XS83fh_a-H1JIRM5h4LiX1WtItS11vdB6cZ1Wk6LOIERwUhUTf5RxVuZxunohHUxf9aQnhp08F0XjP1ZBrA8GibPDKOfy_aFlw
Cites_doi 10.1016/j.nima.2013.08.037
10.3390/jimaging9050102
10.1109/TNS.2024.3385067
10.2174/1874471012666190206102214
10.1007/s00259-024-06788-6
10.1186/s12880-024-01271-y
10.1016/j.nima.2021.165231
10.1007/978-3-319-45522-8
10.1007/978-1-0716-1350-4_21
10.1002/adom.202400813
10.1016/j.nima.2014.06.087
10.1007/s41365-024-01383-8
10.1109/TRPMS.2019.2951355
10.1007/s12350-021-02620-y
10.1186/s40658-023-00541-y
10.1016/S0022-0248(00)00487-5
10.1039/D2MA00626J
10.3322/caac.21713
10.1109/TMI.2021.3073288
10.3390/cryst11060669
10.1088/1361-6560/ab63b4
10.1016/j.radmeas.2019.03.012
10.1088/1748-0221/9/11/C11001
10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.110056
10.3390/ma16124488
10.1016/j.nima.2017.08.013
10.1016/j.nima.2019.06.013
10.1109/BMEiCon.2013.6687648
10.3390/molecules27175429
10.4103/wjnm.WJNM_53_20
10.1039/D2TC02674K
10.1109/TRPMS.2023.3291756
10.1007/s12350-022-03085-3
10.1039/D3TC04078J
10.1063/1.4937126
10.1063/1.5091805
10.1016/j.net.2019.03.009
10.1002/mp.14836
10.1088/0031-9155/39/3/011
10.1002/9781119537397
10.1039/D4TC00724G
10.1016/j.nima.2019.163242
10.1109/NSS/MIC/RTSD57108.2024.10655848
10.1007/978-3-319-93785-4_15
10.1107/S0909049505033339
10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.336-338.373
10.3390/s22041502
10.1016/j.jmir.2018.08.004
10.3390/cryst12111517
10.1088/1748-0221/16/07/P07011
10.1039/D3NR02542J
10.1088/1361-6560/aaa4fb
10.1002/adpr.202200011
10.3390/cryst14010024
10.1109/TNS.2005.862955
10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.353824
10.1007/s12350-021-02721-8
10.1186/s40658-022-00443-5
10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9508002
10.1109/TNS.2004.843146
10.1016/j.nima.2020.164584
10.1016/B978-0-12-814397-1.00004-2
10.1007/s00259-023-06176-6
10.1088/1748-0221/15/06/C06031
10.1007/978-981-10-9023-3_128
10.1088/1748-0221/7/08/P08027
10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069943
10.1201/9781003218364-7
10.1109/TNS.2018.2840160
10.1088/0031-9155/59/1/153
10.1063/5.0219987
10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2023.127523
10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.01.023
10.1088/0031-9155/53/16/012
10.1109/TNS.2019.2949651
10.1364/OE.498651
10.1117/12.2646519
10.3390/diagnostics11112130
10.1109/23.489427
10.1088/0031-9155/50/12/N01
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG
2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG
– notice: 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
7SR
8BQ
8FD
8FE
8FG
ABJCF
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BENPR
BGLVJ
CCPQU
D1I
DWQXO
HCIFZ
JG9
KB.
PDBOC
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PKEHL
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
DOA
DOI 10.3390/cryst14121039
DatabaseName CrossRef
Engineered Materials Abstracts
METADEX
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
Technology collection
ProQuest One
ProQuest Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Central
SciTech Premium Collection
Materials Research Database
Materials Science Database
Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
Materials Research Database
Technology Collection
Technology Research Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
Engineered Materials Abstracts
ProQuest Central Korea
Materials Science Database
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Materials Science Collection
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest SciTech Collection
METADEX
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
DatabaseTitleList Publicly Available Content Database


CrossRef
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: 8FG
  name: ProQuest Technology Collection
  url: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 2073-4352
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_b72171f4613548f7937e11c8a9761d84
A821762962
10_3390_cryst14121039
GeographicLocations United States
Germany
GeographicLocations_xml – name: Germany
– name: United States
GroupedDBID .4S
5VS
8FE
8FG
AADQD
AAFWJ
AAYXX
ABJCF
ADBBV
ADMLS
AENEX
AFKRA
AFPKN
AFZYC
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ARCSS
BCNDV
BENPR
BGLVJ
CCPQU
CITATION
D1I
EDO
GROUPED_DOAJ
HCIFZ
IAO
IGS
ITC
KB.
KQ8
MODMG
M~E
OK1
PDBOC
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PROAC
TUS
7SR
8BQ
8FD
ABUWG
AZQEC
DWQXO
JG9
PKEHL
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
PUEGO
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c393t-4f6ee951f9611ae293f8dff0a23bcbb17b092ade771ee61c1fee226152678af63
IEDL.DBID BENPR
ISSN 2073-4352
IngestDate Wed Aug 27 01:30:06 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 25 11:56:40 EDT 2025
Tue Jun 17 21:58:47 EDT 2025
Sun Jun 15 06:17:43 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 00:25:09 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 12
Language English
License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c393t-4f6ee951f9611ae293f8dff0a23bcbb17b092ade771ee61c1fee226152678af63
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ORCID 0000-0002-7450-5066
OpenAccessLink https://www.proquest.com/docview/3149571830?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%
PQID 3149571830
PQPubID 2032412
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_b72171f4613548f7937e11c8a9761d84
proquest_journals_3149571830
gale_infotracmisc_A821762962
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A821762962
crossref_primary_10_3390_cryst14121039
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2024-12-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2024-12-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 12
  year: 2024
  text: 2024-12-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Basel
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Basel
PublicationTitle Crystals (Basel)
PublicationYear 2024
Publisher MDPI AG
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
References Yang (ref_14) 2015; 118
ref_91
Wang (ref_61) 2024; 12
Kim (ref_77) 2019; 51
Feng (ref_47) 2024; 35
Park (ref_53) 2023; 31
ref_12
Zhao (ref_50) 2013; 336
Ma (ref_58) 2021; 40
Jin (ref_15) 1995; 42
Nikl (ref_10) 2022; 3
(ref_35) 2020; 7
Massari (ref_39) 2019; 940
Rowe (ref_1) 2022; 72
Krizsan (ref_18) 2023; 10
Nakanishi (ref_36) 2017; 872
ref_59
Xiang (ref_62) 2022; 10
Martinazzoli (ref_52) 2022; 3
Duan (ref_84) 2022; 28
Wu (ref_63) 2024; 12
Owens (ref_70) 2006; 13
Datta (ref_92) 2024; 136
Dujardin (ref_37) 2018; 65
Liu (ref_60) 2023; 15
Usanase (ref_11) 2024; 42
ref_25
ref_69
ref_68
ref_23
ref_66
ref_65
Takeuchi (ref_17) 2014; 763
Wang (ref_51) 2020; 15
Roy (ref_49) 2014; 735
Choong (ref_90) 2005; 52
ref_26
Johns (ref_67) 2019; 126
Zavadovsky (ref_74) 2022; 29
Nazir (ref_34) 2021; 20
Ferri (ref_42) 2024; 71
Nagarkar (ref_27) 2006; 53
Wei (ref_57) 2020; 953
Fang (ref_83) 2019; 12
Murata (ref_72) 2014; 88
Huh (ref_86) 2021; 48
Martinazzoli (ref_54) 2021; 1000
ref_78
ref_33
Dai (ref_20) 2011; 45
ref_32
ref_76
ref_31
Murata (ref_56) 2022; 181
ref_30
ref_73
Carminati (ref_22) 2019; 4
Han (ref_28) 2017; Volume 10393
Panjer (ref_75) 2022; 29
Telikani (ref_21) 2019; 50
ref_38
Jakubec (ref_55) 2019; 124
Wang (ref_19) 2023; 30
Sajedi (ref_79) 2020; 61
Ji (ref_45) 2019; 66
ref_80
Badawi (ref_16) 2021; 16
Iniewski (ref_71) 2014; 9
Li (ref_64) 2024; 12
ref_89
ref_44
ref_43
Verger (ref_82) 2024; 51
ref_41
ref_85
Zheng (ref_29) 2024; 627
ref_40
Vargas (ref_2) 2022; 9
ref_3
Massari (ref_24) 2020; 982
ref_48
ref_9
Mohan (ref_5) 2021; 2294
ref_8
Hou (ref_46) 2019; 678
Berthold (ref_13) 2000; 217
Takeda (ref_88) 2023; 7
ref_4
Song (ref_81) 2023; 50
ref_7
ref_6
Scuffham (ref_87) 2012; 7
References_xml – volume: 735
  start-page: 1
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_49
  article-title: Three-dimensional SPECT imaging with LaBr3: Ce scintillator for characterization of nuclear waste
  publication-title: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A
  doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2013.08.037
– ident: ref_69
  doi: 10.3390/jimaging9050102
– volume: 61
  start-page: 308
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_79
  article-title: Dynamic Cardiac SPECT system for diagnostic and theranostics applications: Design optimization and experimental data
  publication-title: J. Nucl. Med.
– volume: 71
  start-page: 1019
  year: 2024
  ident: ref_42
  article-title: Imaging Study and First Measurements of a LaBr3 Gamma Detector for BNCT Applications
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
  doi: 10.1109/TNS.2024.3385067
– volume: 12
  start-page: 171
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_83
  article-title: New 99mTc radiotracers for myocardial perfusion imaging by SPECT
  publication-title: Curr. Radiopharm.
  doi: 10.2174/1874471012666190206102214
– volume: 51
  start-page: 3680
  year: 2024
  ident: ref_82
  article-title: EANM perspectives for CZT SPECT in brain applications
  publication-title: Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging
  doi: 10.1007/s00259-024-06788-6
– volume: 678
  start-page: 012084
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_46
  article-title: Study on high-temperature performance of LaBr3 (Ce) scintillators. IOP Conf
  publication-title: Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng.
– ident: ref_80
  doi: 10.1186/s12880-024-01271-y
– volume: 1000
  start-page: 165231
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_54
  article-title: Scintillation properties and timing performance of state-of-the-art Gd3Al2Ga3O12 single crystals
  publication-title: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A
  doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2021.165231
– ident: ref_7
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-45522-8
– volume: 2294
  start-page: 297
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_5
  article-title: Nuclear medicine imaging procedures in oncology
  publication-title: Metastasis Methods Protoc.
  doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1350-4_21
– volume: 12
  start-page: 2400813
  year: 2024
  ident: ref_61
  article-title: Fabrication of Highly Stable Cs3Cu2I5-in-Glass Composite for X-Ray Imaging by SPS Technique
  publication-title: Adv. Opt. Mater.
  doi: 10.1002/adom.202400813
– volume: 763
  start-page: 596
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_17
  article-title: DALI2: A NaI (Tl) detector array for measurements of γ rays from fast nuclei
  publication-title: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A
  doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2014.06.087
– volume: 35
  start-page: 23
  year: 2024
  ident: ref_47
  article-title: The energy response of LaBr3(Ce), LaBr3(Ce, Sr), and NaI(Tl) crystals for GECAM
  publication-title: Nucl. Sci. Technol.
  doi: 10.1007/s41365-024-01383-8
– volume: 4
  start-page: 371
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_22
  article-title: Clinical SiPM-based MRI-compatible SPECT: Preliminary characterization
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Radiat. Plasma Med. Sci.
  doi: 10.1109/TRPMS.2019.2951355
– volume: 29
  start-page: 3137
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_74
  article-title: The current status of CZT SPECT myocardial blood flow and reserve assessment: Tips and tricks
  publication-title: J. Nucl. Cardiol.
  doi: 10.1007/s12350-021-02620-y
– volume: 10
  start-page: 24
  year: 2023
  ident: ref_18
  article-title: Performance evaluation of a novel multi-pinhole collimator on triple-NaI-detector SPECT/CT for dedicated myocardial imaging
  publication-title: EJNMMI Phys.
  doi: 10.1186/s40658-023-00541-y
– volume: 217
  start-page: 441
  year: 2000
  ident: ref_13
  article-title: Growth of single crystalline NaI plates
  publication-title: J. Cryst. Growth
  doi: 10.1016/S0022-0248(00)00487-5
– volume: 3
  start-page: 6842
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_52
  article-title: Compositional engineering of multicomponent garnet scintillators: Towards an ultra-accelerated scintillation response
  publication-title: Mater. Adv.
  doi: 10.1039/D2MA00626J
– volume: 72
  start-page: 333
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_1
  article-title: Molecular imaging in oncology: Current impact and future directions
  publication-title: CA Cancer J. Clin.
  doi: 10.3322/caac.21713
– volume: 40
  start-page: 2152
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_58
  article-title: Self-collimating SPECT with multi-layer interspaced mosaic detectors
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging
  doi: 10.1109/TMI.2021.3073288
– volume: 28
  start-page: 3323
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_84
  article-title: Head-to-head Comparison of a Conventional or CZT-based SPECT/CT with a Next Generation Multidetector CZT-based SPECT/CT System
  publication-title: J. Nucl. Med.
– ident: ref_65
  doi: 10.3390/cryst11060669
– ident: ref_32
  doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab63b4
– ident: ref_4
– volume: 124
  start-page: 98
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_55
  article-title: Photochemical synthesis and characterization of multi-component (Gd, Lu)3(Ga, Al)5O12: Ce garnet powders
  publication-title: Radiat. Meas.
  doi: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2019.03.012
– volume: 9
  start-page: C11001
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_71
  article-title: CZT detector technology for medical imaging
  publication-title: J. Instrum.
  doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/9/11/C11001
– ident: ref_48
– volume: 181
  start-page: 110056
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_56
  article-title: Design of SPECT for BNCT to measure local boron dose with GAGG scintillator
  publication-title: Appl. Radiat. Isot.
  doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.110056
– ident: ref_31
  doi: 10.3390/ma16124488
– ident: ref_41
– volume: 872
  start-page: 107
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_36
  article-title: Performance comparison of finely pixelated LYSO- and GAGG-based Si-PM gamma cameras for high resolution SPECT
  publication-title: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A
  doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2017.08.013
– volume: 940
  start-page: 296
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_39
  article-title: Preliminary results on a small animal SPECT system based on H13700 PSMPT coupled with CRY018 array
  publication-title: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A
  doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2019.06.013
– volume: 7
  start-page: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_35
  article-title: Coincidence energy spectra due to the intrinsic radioactivity of LYSO scintillation crystals
  publication-title: EJNMMI Phys.
– ident: ref_40
  doi: 10.1109/BMEiCon.2013.6687648
– ident: ref_3
  doi: 10.3390/molecules27175429
– volume: 20
  start-page: 150
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_34
  article-title: Fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography-magnetic resonance hybrid imaging: An emerging tool for staging of cancer of the uterine cervix
  publication-title: World J. Nucl. Med.
  doi: 10.4103/wjnm.WJNM_53_20
– volume: 10
  start-page: 15400
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_62
  article-title: An all-inorganic Li-doped Cs3Cu2I5 single crystal for dual gamma ray and neutron detection applications
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem. C
  doi: 10.1039/D2TC02674K
– volume: 7
  start-page: 860
  year: 2023
  ident: ref_88
  article-title: CdTe-DSD SPECT-I: An ultra-high-resolution multi-isotope tomographic imager for mice
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Radiat. Plasma Med. Sci.
  doi: 10.1109/TRPMS.2023.3291756
– volume: 30
  start-page: 769
  year: 2023
  ident: ref_19
  article-title: Diagnostic value of quantitative myocardial blood flow assessment by NaI (Tl) SPECT in detecting significant stenosis: A prospective, multi-center study
  publication-title: J. Nucl. Cardiol.
  doi: 10.1007/s12350-022-03085-3
– volume: 12
  start-page: 1002
  year: 2024
  ident: ref_63
  article-title: Potassium-regulated lead-free cesium copper iodide Cs3Cu2I5 perovskites with enhanced scintillation properties and their application in high-resolution X-ray imaging
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem. C
  doi: 10.1039/D3TC04078J
– volume: 118
  start-page: 21
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_14
  article-title: Improving γ-ray energy resolution, non-proportionality, and decay time of NaI: Tl+ with Sr2+ and Ca2+ co-doping
  publication-title: J. Appl. Phys.
  doi: 10.1063/1.4937126
– volume: 126
  start-page: 040901
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_67
  article-title: Room temperature semiconductor detectors for nuclear security
  publication-title: J. Appl. Phys.
  doi: 10.1063/1.5091805
– volume: 51
  start-page: 1417
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_77
  article-title: Radiation measurement and imaging using 3D position sensitive pixelated CZT detector
  publication-title: Nucl. Eng. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.net.2019.03.009
– volume: 48
  start-page: 2301
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_86
  article-title: Evaluation of a variable-aperture full-ring SPECT system using large-area pixelated CZT modules: A simulation study for brain SPECT applications
  publication-title: Med. Phys.
  doi: 10.1002/mp.14836
– ident: ref_91
  doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/39/3/011
– ident: ref_30
  doi: 10.1002/9781119537397
– volume: 12
  start-page: 6841
  year: 2024
  ident: ref_64
  article-title: Sb-enhanced Cs3Cu2I5 scintillators for ionizing radiation detection
  publication-title: J. Mater. Chem. C
  doi: 10.1039/D4TC00724G
– volume: 953
  start-page: 163242
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_57
  article-title: A side-by-side LYSO/GAGG phoswich detector aiming for SPECT imaging
  publication-title: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrometers Detect. Assoc. Equip.
  doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2019.163242
– ident: ref_59
  doi: 10.1109/NSS/MIC/RTSD57108.2024.10655848
– ident: ref_8
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-93785-4_15
– volume: 13
  start-page: 143
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_70
  article-title: Semiconductor materials and radiation detection
  publication-title: J. Synchrotron Radiat.
  doi: 10.1107/S0909049505033339
– volume: 336
  start-page: 373
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_50
  article-title: The experimental study of lanthanum bromide detector in the gamma ray imaging
  publication-title: Appl. Mech. Mater.
  doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.336-338.373
– ident: ref_73
  doi: 10.3390/s22041502
– volume: 42
  start-page: 145
  year: 2024
  ident: ref_11
  article-title: A look at radiation detectors and their applications in medical imaging
  publication-title: J. Radiol.
– volume: 50
  start-page: 163
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_21
  article-title: A Monte Carlo simulation study of optimization for collimator in a pixelated SPECT camera
  publication-title: J. Med. Imaging Radiat. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmir.2018.08.004
– ident: ref_12
  doi: 10.3390/cryst12111517
– volume: 16
  start-page: P07011
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_16
  article-title: Measurements correlated to efficiency studies of NaI (Tl) scintillator with vertical hexagonal radioactive source
  publication-title: J. Instrum.
  doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/07/P07011
– volume: 15
  start-page: 11491
  year: 2023
  ident: ref_60
  article-title: Uniform nucleation and growth of Cs3Cu2I5 nanocrystals with high luminous efficiency and structural stability and their application in white light-emitting diodes
  publication-title: Nanoscale
  doi: 10.1039/D3NR02542J
– ident: ref_85
  doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/aaa4fb
– volume: 3
  start-page: 2200011
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_10
  article-title: Advanced halide scintillators: From the bulk to nano
  publication-title: Adv. Photon. Res.
  doi: 10.1002/adpr.202200011
– volume: Volume 10393
  start-page: 165
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_28
  article-title: Applications of iQID cameras
  publication-title: Proceedings of the SPIE: Radiation Detectors in Medicine, Industry, and National Security XVIII
– ident: ref_43
  doi: 10.3390/cryst14010024
– volume: 53
  start-page: 54
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_27
  article-title: A CCD-based detector for SPECT
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
  doi: 10.1109/TNS.2005.862955
– ident: ref_9
  doi: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.353824
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1686
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_75
  article-title: Diagnostic accuracy of dynamic CZT-SPECT in coronary artery disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: J. Nucl. Cardiol.
  doi: 10.1007/s12350-021-02721-8
– volume: 9
  start-page: 13
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_2
  article-title: Assessment of mouse-specific pharmacokinetics in kidneys based on 131I activity measurements using micro-SPECT
  publication-title: EJNMMI Phys.
  doi: 10.1186/s40658-022-00443-5
– ident: ref_23
  doi: 10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9508002
– ident: ref_6
– volume: 52
  start-page: 174
  year: 2005
  ident: ref_90
  article-title: Design for a high-resolution small-animal SPECT system using pixellated Si(Li) detectors for in vivo 125I imaging
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
  doi: 10.1109/TNS.2004.843146
– volume: 982
  start-page: 164584
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_24
  article-title: Super Spatial Resolution (SSR) method for small animal SPECT imaging: A Monte Carlo study
  publication-title: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A
  doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2020.164584
– ident: ref_25
– ident: ref_68
  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-814397-1.00004-2
– volume: 50
  start-page: 2250
  year: 2023
  ident: ref_81
  article-title: SPECT at the speed of PET: A feasibility study of CZT-based whole-body SPECT/CT in the post 177Lu-DOTATATE and 177Lu-PSMA617 setting
  publication-title: Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging
  doi: 10.1007/s00259-023-06176-6
– volume: 15
  start-page: C06031
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_51
  article-title: Performance study of GAGG: Ce scintillator for gamma and neutron detection
  publication-title: J. Instrum.
  doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/15/06/C06031
– ident: ref_78
  doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-9023-3_128
– volume: 7
  start-page: P08027
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_87
  article-title: A CdTe detector for hyperspectral SPECT imaging
  publication-title: J. Instrum.
  doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/7/08/P08027
– ident: ref_76
  doi: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2016.8069943
– ident: ref_89
  doi: 10.1201/9781003218364-7
– volume: 65
  start-page: 1977
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_37
  article-title: Needs, trends, and advances in inorganic scintillators
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
  doi: 10.1109/TNS.2018.2840160
– ident: ref_38
  doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/1/153
– volume: 136
  start-page: 064503
  year: 2024
  ident: ref_92
  article-title: Gallium oxide semiconductor-based large volume ultrafast radiation hard spectroscopic scintillators
  publication-title: J. Appl. Phys.
  doi: 10.1063/5.0219987
– volume: 627
  start-page: 127523
  year: 2024
  ident: ref_29
  article-title: Optical and scintillation properties of modified LSO crystals with different ions doping grown by a rapid CZ system
  publication-title: J. Cryst. Growth
  doi: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2023.127523
– volume: 88
  start-page: 129
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_72
  article-title: Characterization measurement of a thick CdTe detector for BNCT-SPECT—Detection efficiency and energy resolution
  publication-title: Appl. Radiat. Isot.
  doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.01.023
– ident: ref_33
  doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/53/16/012
– volume: 66
  start-page: 2422
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_45
  article-title: Development and performance of a multipurpose system for the environmental radiation survey based on a LaBr3(Ce) detector
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
  doi: 10.1109/TNS.2019.2949651
– volume: 31
  start-page: 34677
  year: 2023
  ident: ref_53
  article-title: Time-resolved photoluminescence analysis of ceramic Ce: GAGG scintillators
  publication-title: Opt. Express
  doi: 10.1364/OE.498651
– ident: ref_44
  doi: 10.1117/12.2646519
– ident: ref_66
  doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11112130
– volume: 45
  start-page: 369
  year: 2011
  ident: ref_20
  article-title: Design and performance evaluation of high-resolution small animal SPECT system
  publication-title: At. Energy Sci. Technol.
– volume: 42
  start-page: 2275
  year: 1995
  ident: ref_15
  article-title: Calibrations and corrections of a modular cylindrical SPECT system (McSPECT-II)
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.
  doi: 10.1109/23.489427
– ident: ref_26
  doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/50/12/N01
SSID ssj0000760771
Score 2.3212757
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is an important nuclear medicine imaging tool for diagnosis and drug research. The gamma-ray detector is the...
SourceID doaj
proquest
gale
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Aggregation Database
Index Database
StartPage 1039
SubjectTerms Atoms & subatomic particles
Computed tomography
Crystals
CT imaging
Detectors
Efficiency
Energy
Gamma ray detectors
Gamma rays
Innovations
Light
Medical imaging
Medical imaging equipment
Moisture absorption
Nuclear medicine
Photon emission
Radiation
Radiation, Background
scintillation crystals
Semiconductor crystals
semiconductor detector
Sensors
SPECT
SPECT imaging
Tomography
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3PS8MwFA6ykx7En1id0oPMU1nTZEl7nGNjCoqwDXYL-Xlzk9oJ--99STvpDuLFa5vS5L2XfN-Dl-8hdI8zxQdUkYQ7rRPg_ywpOCmSwgB9dYYxGS6Fvbyy6YI-LwfLVqsvXxNWywPXhusrSFE4dhRgB8i183JuFmOdS8BRbPKgBAqY10qmwhnMWco5rkU1CeT1fV1uPytMvV6WbwzeAqGg1f_biRxgZnKCjht-GA_reZ2iA7s6Q0ct1cBz1BvGs035Zbfx2sUj_0MIoRjIZzx7G4_m8dN76Dx0gRaT8Xw0TZp2B4kmBakS6pi1QHhcwTCWFnDY5ca5VGZEaaUwV2mRSWNhXdYyrLGzFsgTADAAjnSMXKLOar2yVyjWgDHUYMMHWlIwu8oIzbU2BdWQ7mAbod5u_eKjVrUQkA14Q4k9Q0Xo0VvnZ5AXow4PwEWicZH4y0URevC2FX7LVKXUsqn8h7l68SkxzOF7lhUsi1B3bySEut5_vfOOaLbapyA-xwOEJen1f0z2Bh1mwFvqipUu6lTlxt4C76jUXQixb5PMz_M
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
Title A Survey of Crystals for SPECT Imaging
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/3149571830
https://doaj.org/article/b72171f4613548f7937e11c8a9761d84
Volume 14
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV07T8MwED5Bu8CAeIpCqTIgmCLq2HWSCZXS8hAgREFis_xkooU0IPXfc05doAOssaPE5_Pdd2f7O4BDkqi0wxSNU6d1jPifx3lK8zg3CF-d4VxWl8Ju7_jlE7t-7jyHhNskHKuc28TKUJux9jnyE-qhPBpS2j59e4991Si_uxpKaCxDHU1w1qlB_ax_d__wnWXx-05pSmbkmhTj-xNdTCclYZ43yxcI_-WMKs7-vyxz5W4G67AWcGLUnU3sBizZ0Sas_mIP3IKjbjT8KD7tNBq7qOc_iKoUIQiNhvf93mN09VpVINqGp0H_sXcZh7IHsaY5LWPmuLUIfFzOCZEW_bHLjHNtmVCllSKpaueJNBbHZS0nmjhrEUShI0bHIx2nO1AbjUd2FyKNvoYZYtKOlgzFrxLKMq1NzjSGPcQ24Gg-fvE2Y7cQGBV4QYkFQTXgzEvnu5Mnpa4ejIsXEXRcKIwmU-IYIgSMg5xn3rOE6Ewi5CEmYw049rIVfumUhdQy3ADAf_UkVKKb4fs8yXnSgOZCT1R5vdg8nx0RltxE_CjI3v_N-7CSIDKZnUlpQq0sPuwBIotStWA5G1y0oN49v70ZtoIytao4_Qt1aM3p
linkProvider ProQuest
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1JbxMxFH4q7QE4IFYRKOADlNOo8RLP-IBQGlIltI0qmkq9Ga-cSMpkCsqf4jfyPEtpDnDrdTye5fkt3_PyPYC3lNl8ICzP8uhchvhfZirnKlMe4Wv0Upr6UNjJTE7OxeeLwcUW_O7OwqRtlZ1PrB21X7o0R77PE5RHR8r7Hy9_ZKlqVFpd7UpoNGpxFNa_MGVbfZh-wvF9x9jheD6aZG1VgcxxxatMRBkC4oqoJKUmYLiLhY-xbxi3zlqa275ixoc8pyFI6mgMATEKxjn06yZKjs-9AzsIMxRa0c7BeHb65XpWJ61zYceGzJNz1d935XpVUZF4ulJB8hvBr64R8K9IUIe3w4fwoMWlZNgo0iPYCovHcP8GW-ET2BuSs6vyZ1iTZSSj9EJUXYKgl5ydjkdzMv1eVzx6Cue3IpBnsL1YLsJzIA5jm_DU5wNnBA63ZVwUznklHKZZNPRgr_t_fdmwaWjMQpKg9IagenCQpHN9UyLBri8sy2-6tSltMXvNaRSISDDvionpL1DqCoMQi_pC9OB9kq1OplqVxpn2xAF-ayK90sMC-0umJOvB7sadaGJus7kbHd2a-Er_VcgX_29-A3cn85NjfTydHb2EewxRUbMfZhe2q_IqvEJUU9nXrSoR-Hrb2vsHxp8Iag
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1JbxMxFH4qqYTggMqmBtriA5TTKPESe-aAqjRN1FCIItpKvZnxxomkTKag_DV-Hc-zlOYAt17H41me3_I9L98DeEuZUQNheKKCtQnif5lkimdJ5hC-BidlXh0K-zyTp5fi49Xgagt-t2dh4rbK1idWjtotbZwj7_EI5dGR8n4vNNsi5ieTo-sfSawgFVda23IatYqc-fUvTN9WH6YnONbvGJuML0anSVNhILE842UigvQeMUbIJKW5x9AXUhdCP2fcWGOoMv2M5c4rRb2X1NLgPeIVjHno4_MgOT73AWwrjIppB7aPx7P5l9sZnrjmhR1rYk_Os37PFutVSUXk7IrFye8EwqpewL-iQhXqJjvwpMGoZFgr1VPY8otn8PgOc-FzOByS85vip1-TZSCj-EJUY4IAmJzPx6MLMv1eVT96AZf3IpCX0FksF34XiMU4Jxx1amBzgUNvGBeptS4TFlMu6rtw2P6_vq6ZNTRmJFFQekNQXTiO0rm9KRJiVxeWxTfd2Jc2mMkqGgSiE8zBQmT985TaNEe4RV0quvA-ylZHsy2L3ObN6QP81kiApYcp9pcsk6wLext3ornZzeZ2dHRj7iv9Vzlf_b_5DTxErdWfprOz1_CIIUCqt8bsQacsbvw-ApzSHDSaRODrfSvvH9W4DJY
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+Survey+of+Crystals+for+SPECT+Imaging&rft.jtitle=Crystals+%28Basel%29&rft.au=Xu%2C+Shuyu&rft.au=Yan%2C+Zijun&rft.au=Wei%2C+Qingyang&rft.date=2024-12-01&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.eissn=2073-4352&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1039&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fcryst14121039&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2073-4352&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2073-4352&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2073-4352&client=summon