Factors affecting variation in farm yields of irrigated lowland rice in southern-central Benin
► On-farm rice yield varied (1.3–7.8tha−1) in small irrigation schemes in Benin. ► Yields were lower in the newly developed schemes than in the old ones. ► Yield determinants were mainly associated with crop management practices. ► Farmer-to-farmer learning of good management is important for yield...
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Published in | European journal of agronomy Vol. 44; pp. 46 - 53 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Elsevier B.V
01.01.2013
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Abstract | ► On-farm rice yield varied (1.3–7.8tha−1) in small irrigation schemes in Benin. ► Yields were lower in the newly developed schemes than in the old ones. ► Yield determinants were mainly associated with crop management practices. ► Farmer-to-farmer learning of good management is important for yield improvement.
For increasing rice production in West Africa, both expansion of rice harvested area and raising rice yield are required. Development of small-scale irrigation schemes is given high priority in national rice development plans. For realizing potential of the newly developed schemes, it is essential to understand yield level, farmers’ crop management practices and production constraints. A series of field surveys were conducted in six small-scale irrigation schemes in Zou department, Benin during the dry season in 2010–2011 to assess variation in rice yields and identify factors affecting the variation. The schemes were established between 1969 and 2009. Rice yields ranged from 1.3 to 7.8tha−1 with an average yield of 4.8tha−1. The average yield was only 2.9tha−1 for newer irrigation schemes developed in 2002 and 2009. Multiple regression analysis using farmers’ crop management practices as well as abiotic and biotic stresses as independent variables revealed that 75% of the variation in yields could be explained by five agronomic factors (fallow residue management, ploughing method, water stress, rat damage and N application rate) and two edaphic factors (sloped surfaces and sand content in the soil). Removing fallow residue from the fields for land preparation reduced yields. Yields were lower in plots ploughed by hand than by machine. Sloped surface, water stress and rat damage reduced yields. Yield increase due to N application ranged from 0.8 to 1.6tha−1. Higher sand content was associated with lowered yields. The low yields in new irrigation schemes caused by sub-optimal crop management practices suggest that farmer-to-farmer learning and extension of good agricultural principles and practices can increase yields. Organizational capacity is also important to ensure the use of common resources such as irrigation water and tractors for land preparation. |
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AbstractList | ► On-farm rice yield varied (1.3–7.8tha−1) in small irrigation schemes in Benin. ► Yields were lower in the newly developed schemes than in the old ones. ► Yield determinants were mainly associated with crop management practices. ► Farmer-to-farmer learning of good management is important for yield improvement.
For increasing rice production in West Africa, both expansion of rice harvested area and raising rice yield are required. Development of small-scale irrigation schemes is given high priority in national rice development plans. For realizing potential of the newly developed schemes, it is essential to understand yield level, farmers’ crop management practices and production constraints. A series of field surveys were conducted in six small-scale irrigation schemes in Zou department, Benin during the dry season in 2010–2011 to assess variation in rice yields and identify factors affecting the variation. The schemes were established between 1969 and 2009. Rice yields ranged from 1.3 to 7.8tha−1 with an average yield of 4.8tha−1. The average yield was only 2.9tha−1 for newer irrigation schemes developed in 2002 and 2009. Multiple regression analysis using farmers’ crop management practices as well as abiotic and biotic stresses as independent variables revealed that 75% of the variation in yields could be explained by five agronomic factors (fallow residue management, ploughing method, water stress, rat damage and N application rate) and two edaphic factors (sloped surfaces and sand content in the soil). Removing fallow residue from the fields for land preparation reduced yields. Yields were lower in plots ploughed by hand than by machine. Sloped surface, water stress and rat damage reduced yields. Yield increase due to N application ranged from 0.8 to 1.6tha−1. Higher sand content was associated with lowered yields. The low yields in new irrigation schemes caused by sub-optimal crop management practices suggest that farmer-to-farmer learning and extension of good agricultural principles and practices can increase yields. Organizational capacity is also important to ensure the use of common resources such as irrigation water and tractors for land preparation. |
Author | Saito, Kazuki Tanaka, Atsuko Kobayashi, Kazuhiko Azoma, Komla |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Atsuko surname: Tanaka fullname: Tanaka, Atsuko organization: Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan – sequence: 2 givenname: Kazuki surname: Saito fullname: Saito, Kazuki organization: Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 BP 2031 Cotonou, Benin – sequence: 3 givenname: Komla surname: Azoma fullname: Azoma, Komla organization: Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 BP 2031 Cotonou, Benin – sequence: 4 givenname: Kazuhiko surname: Kobayashi fullname: Kobayashi, Kazuhiko email: k.kobayashi.ut@gmail.com organization: Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan |
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Keywords | Benin Irrigation Yield gap West Africa Yield determinent Rice Monocotyledones Tropical zone Cereal crop Oryza Gramineae Angiospermae Herbaceous plant Spermatophyta Yield Cultivar |
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Snippet | ► On-farm rice yield varied (1.3–7.8tha−1) in small irrigation schemes in Benin. ► Yields were lower in the newly developed schemes than in the old ones. ►... |
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SubjectTerms | Agricultural and forest climatology and meteorology. Irrigation. Drainage Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Benin Biological and medical sciences Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General agronomy. Plant production Genetics and breeding of economic plants Irrigation Irrigation. Drainage Rice West Africa Yield determinent Yield gap |
Title | Factors affecting variation in farm yields of irrigated lowland rice in southern-central Benin |
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