Surface Chemistry Routes to Modulate the Photoluminescence of Graphene Quantum Dots: From Fluorescence Mechanism to Up-Conversion Bioimaging Applications
The bandgap in graphene‐based materials can be tuned from 0 eV to that of benzene by changing size and/or surface chemistry, making it a rising carbon‐based fluorescent material. Here, the surface chemistry of small size graphene (graphene quantum dots, GQDs) is tuned programmably through modificati...
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| Published in | Advanced functional materials Vol. 22; no. 22; pp. 4732 - 4740 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Weinheim
WILEY-VCH Verlag
21.11.2012
WILEY‐VCH Verlag |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1616-301X 1616-3028 |
| DOI | 10.1002/adfm.201201499 |
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| Abstract | The bandgap in graphene‐based materials can be tuned from 0 eV to that of benzene by changing size and/or surface chemistry, making it a rising carbon‐based fluorescent material. Here, the surface chemistry of small size graphene (graphene quantum dots, GQDs) is tuned programmably through modification or reduction and green luminescent GQDs are changed to blue luminescent GQDs. Several tools are employed to characterize the composition and morphology of resultants. More importantly, using this system, the luminescence mechanism (the competition between both the defect state emission and intrinsic state emission) is explored in detail. Experiments demonstrate that the chemical structure changes during modification or reduction suppresses non‐radiative recombination of localized electron‐hole pairs and/or enhances the integrity of surface π electron network. Therefore the intrinsic state emission plays a leading role, as opposed to defect state emission in GQDs. The results of time‐resolved measurements are consistent with the suggested PL mechanism. Up‐conversion PL of GQDs is successfully applied in near‐IR excitation for bioimaging.
The preparation of controllable fluorescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) using a new surface chemistry tuning method is reported. The photoluminescence (PL) mechanism is investigated and the competition between both the defect state emission and intrinsic state emission are analyzed in detail. Moreover, the up‐conversion PL of GQDs is successfully used in multiphoton luminescent biolabeling under near‐IR excitation. |
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| AbstractList | The bandgap in graphene‐based materials can be tuned from 0 eV to that of benzene by changing size and/or surface chemistry, making it a rising carbon‐based fluorescent material. Here, the surface chemistry of small size graphene (graphene quantum dots, GQDs) is tuned programmably through modification or reduction and green luminescent GQDs are changed to blue luminescent GQDs. Several tools are employed to characterize the composition and morphology of resultants. More importantly, using this system, the luminescence mechanism (the competition between both the defect state emission and intrinsic state emission) is explored in detail. Experiments demonstrate that the chemical structure changes during modification or reduction suppresses non‐radiative recombination of localized electron‐hole pairs and/or enhances the integrity of surface π electron network. Therefore the intrinsic state emission plays a leading role, as opposed to defect state emission in GQDs. The results of time‐resolved measurements are consistent with the suggested PL mechanism. Up‐conversion PL of GQDs is successfully applied in near‐IR excitation for bioimaging.
The preparation of controllable fluorescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) using a new surface chemistry tuning method is reported. The photoluminescence (PL) mechanism is investigated and the competition between both the defect state emission and intrinsic state emission are analyzed in detail. Moreover, the up‐conversion PL of GQDs is successfully used in multiphoton luminescent biolabeling under near‐IR excitation. The bandgap in graphene‐based materials can be tuned from 0 eV to that of benzene by changing size and/or surface chemistry, making it a rising carbon‐based fluorescent material. Here, the surface chemistry of small size graphene (graphene quantum dots, GQDs) is tuned programmably through modification or reduction and green luminescent GQDs are changed to blue luminescent GQDs. Several tools are employed to characterize the composition and morphology of resultants. More importantly, using this system, the luminescence mechanism (the competition between both the defect state emission and intrinsic state emission) is explored in detail. Experiments demonstrate that the chemical structure changes during modification or reduction suppresses non‐radiative recombination of localized electron‐hole pairs and/or enhances the integrity of surface π electron network. Therefore the intrinsic state emission plays a leading role, as opposed to defect state emission in GQDs. The results of time‐resolved measurements are consistent with the suggested PL mechanism. Up‐conversion PL of GQDs is successfully applied in near‐IR excitation for bioimaging. |
| Author | Li, Yunfeng Wang, Xingfeng Zhu, Shoujun Wang, Haiyu Li, Bo Yu, Weili Qiao, Chunyan Liu, Xue Zhang, Junhu Tang, Shijia Wang, Lei Sun, Hongchen Yang, Bai |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Shoujun surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Shoujun organization: State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular, Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China – sequence: 2 givenname: Junhu surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Junhu organization: State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular, Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China – sequence: 3 givenname: Shijia surname: Tang fullname: Tang, Shijia organization: State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular, Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China – sequence: 4 givenname: Chunyan surname: Qiao fullname: Qiao, Chunyan organization: School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China – sequence: 5 givenname: Lei surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Lei organization: State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China – sequence: 6 givenname: Haiyu surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Haiyu organization: State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China – sequence: 7 givenname: Xue surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Xue organization: State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular, Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China – sequence: 8 givenname: Bo surname: Li fullname: Li, Bo organization: State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular, Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China – sequence: 9 givenname: Yunfeng surname: Li fullname: Li, Yunfeng organization: State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular, Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China – sequence: 10 givenname: Weili surname: Yu fullname: Yu, Weili organization: State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular, Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China – sequence: 11 givenname: Xingfeng surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Xingfeng organization: State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular, Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China – sequence: 12 givenname: Hongchen surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Hongchen organization: School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China – sequence: 13 givenname: Bai surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Bai email: byangchem@jlu.edu.cn organization: State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular, Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China |
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| Snippet | The bandgap in graphene‐based materials can be tuned from 0 eV to that of benzene by changing size and/or surface chemistry, making it a rising carbon‐based... |
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| SubjectTerms | graphene quantum dots photoluminescence mechanisms tunable fluorescence up-conversion bioimaging |
| Title | Surface Chemistry Routes to Modulate the Photoluminescence of Graphene Quantum Dots: From Fluorescence Mechanism to Up-Conversion Bioimaging Applications |
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