Increased Level of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors by 4-hexylresorcinol is Mediated by Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Accelerates Capillary Regeneration in the Burns in Diabetic Animals

4-Hexyl resorcinol (4HR) is an organic compound and has been used in skin care application. 4HR is an M2-type macrophage activator and elevates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression via the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-independent pathway. As endothelial cells are important in wound...

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Published inInternational journal of molecular sciences Vol. 21; no. 10; p. 3473
Main Authors Kim, Dae-Won, Jo, You-Young, Garagiola, Umberto, Choi, Je-Yong, Kang, Yei-Jin, Oh, Ji-Hyeon, Kim, Seong-Gon
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 14.05.2020
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Abstract 4-Hexyl resorcinol (4HR) is an organic compound and has been used in skin care application. 4HR is an M2-type macrophage activator and elevates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression via the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-independent pathway. As endothelial cells are important in wound healing, the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with 4HR, and changes in VEGF-A, -C, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression were investigated. The administration of 4HR increased the expression level of VEGF-A, -C, and TGF-β1. The application of TGF-β1 protein also increased the expression level of VEGF-A and -C. Knockdown with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting to TGF-β1 and the selective chemical inhibition (A83-01) to ALK5 confirmed the involvement of the TGF-β signaling pathway in the 4-HR-mediated VEGFs expression. 4HR application in a burn model of diabetic rats demonstrated an increased level of angiogenic proteins with wound healing. Compared to sericin application, the 4HR application group showed more prominent capillary regeneration. Collectively, 4HR activated TGF-β1/ALK5/VEGFs signaling in endothelial cells and induced vascular regeneration and remodeling for wound healing.
AbstractList 4-Hexyl resorcinol (4HR) is an organic compound and has been used in skin care application. 4HR is an M2-type macrophage activator and elevates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression via the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-independent pathway. As endothelial cells are important in wound healing, the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with 4HR, and changes in VEGF-A, -C, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression were investigated. The administration of 4HR increased the expression level of VEGF-A, -C, and TGF-β1. The application of TGF-β1 protein also increased the expression level of VEGF-A and -C. Knockdown with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting to TGF-β1 and the selective chemical inhibition (A83-01) to ALK5 confirmed the involvement of the TGF-β signaling pathway in the 4-HR-mediated VEGFs expression. 4HR application in a burn model of diabetic rats demonstrated an increased level of angiogenic proteins with wound healing. Compared to sericin application, the 4HR application group showed more prominent capillary regeneration. Collectively, 4HR activated TGF-β1/ALK5/VEGFs signaling in endothelial cells and induced vascular regeneration and remodeling for wound healing.
Author Kang, Yei-Jin
Oh, Ji-Hyeon
Kim, Seong-Gon
Kim, Dae-Won
Garagiola, Umberto
Choi, Je-Yong
Jo, You-Young
AuthorAffiliation 3 Biomedical, Surgical and Oral Sciences Department, Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; umberto.garagiola@unimi.it
1 Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Korea; kimdw@gwnu.ac.kr
2 Sericultural and Apicultural Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; yyjo@korea.kr
5 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Korea; kyj292@hanmail.net (Y.-J.K.); haruna348@naver.com (J.-H.O.)
4 School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Skeletal Diseases Analysis Center, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; jechoi@knu.ac.kr
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 5 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Korea; kyj292@hanmail.net (Y.-J.K.); haruna348@naver.com (J.-H.O.)
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Keywords HUVEC
TGF-β1
diabetes mellitus
4-hexylresorcinol
angiogenesis
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Snippet 4-Hexyl resorcinol (4HR) is an organic compound and has been used in skin care application. 4HR is an M2-type macrophage activator and elevates vascular...
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StartPage 3473
SubjectTerms 4-hexylresorcinol
Angiogenesis
Animals
Apoptosis
Burns
Burns - complications
Burns - drug therapy
Burns - genetics
Burns - pathology
Cytokines
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - complications
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - drug therapy
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - genetics
Disease Models, Animal
Endothelial cells
Growth factors
Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Humans
HUVEC
Hypotheses
Hypoxia-inducible factors
Macrophages
Macrophages - metabolism
Organic compounds
Permeability
Proteins
Rats
Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I - genetics
Resorcinol
Resorcinols - pharmacology
RNA, Small Interfering - genetics
RNA, Small Interfering - pharmacology
Signal transduction
Signal Transduction - drug effects
siRNA
TGF-β1
Transforming Growth Factor beta1 - genetics
Transforming growth factor-b1
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Ulcers
Umbilical vein
Vascular endothelial growth factor
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - genetics
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C - genetics
Wound healing
Wound Healing - drug effects
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Title Increased Level of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors by 4-hexylresorcinol is Mediated by Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Accelerates Capillary Regeneration in the Burns in Diabetic Animals
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32423083
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2404482827/abstract/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7279008
https://doaj.org/article/72c047d8b9f54b4594f97796ff68b49b
Volume 21
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