Burkholderia mallei: The dynamics of networks and disease transmission
Glanders is a highly infectious zoonotic disease caused by Burkholderia mallei. The transmission of B. mallei occurs mainly by direct contact, and horses are the natural reservoir. Therefore, the identification of infection sources within horse populations and animal movements is critical to enhance...
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Published in | Transboundary and emerging diseases Vol. 66; no. 2; pp. 715 - 728 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Hindawi Limited
01.03.2019
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Abstract | Glanders is a highly infectious zoonotic disease caused by Burkholderia mallei. The transmission of B. mallei occurs mainly by direct contact, and horses are the natural reservoir. Therefore, the identification of infection sources within horse populations and animal movements is critical to enhance disease control. Here, we analysed the dynamics of horse movements from 2014 to 2016 using network analysis in order to understand the flow of animals in two hierarchical levels, municipalities and farms. The municipality‐level network was used to investigate both community clustering and the balance between the municipality's trades and the farm‐level network associations between B. mallei outbreaks and the network centrality measurements, analysed by spatio‐temporal generalized additive model (GAM). Causal paths were established for the dispersion of B. mallei outbreaks through the network. Our approach captured and established a direct relationship between movement of infected equines and predicted B. mallei outbreaks. The GAM model revealed that the parameters in degree and closeness centrality out were positively associated with B. mallei. In addition, we also detected 10 communities with high commerce among municipalities. The role of each municipality within the network was detailed, and significant changes in the structures of the network were detected over the course of 3 years. The results suggested the necessity to focus on structural changes of the networks over time to better control glanders disease. The identification of farms with a putative risk of B. mallei infection using the horse movement network provided a direct opportunity for disease control through active surveillance, thus minimizing economic losses and risks for human cases of B. mallei. |
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AbstractList | Glanders is a highly infectious zoonotic disease caused by Burkholderia mallei. The transmission of B. mallei occurs mainly by direct contact, and horses are the natural reservoir. Therefore, the identification of infection sources within horse populations and animal movements is critical to enhance disease control. Here, we analysed the dynamics of horse movements from 2014 to 2016 using network analysis in order to understand the flow of animals in two hierarchical levels, municipalities and farms. The municipality-level network was used to investigate both community clustering and the balance between the municipality's trades and the farm-level network associations between B. mallei outbreaks and the network centrality measurements, analysed by spatio-temporal generalized additive model (GAM). Causal paths were established for the dispersion of B. mallei outbreaks through the network. Our approach captured and established a direct relationship between movement of infected equines and predicted B. mallei outbreaks. The GAM model revealed that the parameters in degree and closeness centrality out were positively associated with B. mallei. In addition, we also detected 10 communities with high commerce among municipalities. The role of each municipality within the network was detailed, and significant changes in the structures of the network were detected over the course of 3 years. The results suggested the necessity to focus on structural changes of the networks over time to better control glanders disease. The identification of farms with a putative risk of B. mallei infection using the horse movement network provided a direct opportunity for disease control through active surveillance, thus minimizing economic losses and risks for human cases of B. mallei. Glanders is a highly infectious zoonotic disease caused by Burkholderia mallei. The transmission of B. mallei occurs mainly by direct contact, and horses are the natural reservoir. Therefore, the identification of infection sources within horse populations and animal movements is critical to enhance disease control. Here, we analysed the dynamics of horse movements from 2014 to 2016 using network analysis in order to understand the flow of animals in two hierarchical levels, municipalities and farms. The municipality‐level network was used to investigate both community clustering and the balance between the municipality's trades and the farm‐level network associations between B. mallei outbreaks and the network centrality measurements, analysed by spatio‐temporal generalized additive model (GAM). Causal paths were established for the dispersion of B. mallei outbreaks through the network. Our approach captured and established a direct relationship between movement of infected equines and predicted B. mallei outbreaks. The GAM model revealed that the parameters in degree and closeness centrality out were positively associated with B. mallei. In addition, we also detected 10 communities with high commerce among municipalities. The role of each municipality within the network was detailed, and significant changes in the structures of the network were detected over the course of 3 years. The results suggested the necessity to focus on structural changes of the networks over time to better control glanders disease. The identification of farms with a putative risk of B. mallei infection using the horse movement network provided a direct opportunity for disease control through active surveillance, thus minimizing economic losses and risks for human cases of B. mallei. |
Author | Grisi‐Filho, José H. H. Machado, Gustavo Galvis, Jason O. A. Cárdenas, Nicolás C. Farinati, Alicia A. Diehl, Gustavo N. |
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Snippet | Glanders is a highly infectious zoonotic disease caused by Burkholderia mallei. The transmission of B. mallei occurs mainly by direct contact, and horses are... Glanders is a highly infectious zoonotic disease caused by Burkholderia mallei. The transmission of B. mallei occurs mainly by direct contact, and horses are... |
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SubjectTerms | Active control Burkholderia mallei Clustering Disease control disease spread Disease transmission Economic impact equine trade Farms generalized additive model Glanders Health risks Horses Infections Municipalities Network analysis Outbreaks social network analysis spatiotemporal transboundary diseases Zoonoses |
Title | Burkholderia mallei: The dynamics of networks and disease transmission |
URI | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Ftbed.13071 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30427593 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2191264022 https://search.proquest.com/docview/2133437056 |
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