Bidirectional and efficient conversion between microwave and optical light

Converting low-frequency electrical signals into much higher-frequency optical signals has enabled modern communication networks to leverage the strengths of both microfabricated electrical circuits and optical fibre transmission, enabling information networks to grow in size and complexity. A micro...

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Published in	Nature physics Vol. 10; no. 4; pp. 321 - 326
Main Authors	Andrews, R. W., Peterson, R. W., Purdy, T. P., Cicak, K., Simmonds, R. W., Regal, C. A., Lehnert, K. W.
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.04.2014 Nature Publishing Group
Subjects	639/624/1075/1081 639/766/1130/2799 639/766/1130/2800 Atomic Bidirectional Classical and Continuum Physics Complex Systems Condensed Matter Physics Conversion Converters Electric circuits Electric currents Frequency distribution Mathematical and Computational Physics Microwave communications Microwaves Molecular Networks Optical and Plasma Physics Optical communication Optical fibers Optical properties Physics Signaling Theoretical
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Abstract	Converting low-frequency electrical signals into much higher-frequency optical signals has enabled modern communication networks to leverage the strengths of both microfabricated electrical circuits and optical fibre transmission, enabling information networks to grow in size and complexity. A microwave-to-optical converter in a quantum information network could provide similar gains by linking quantum processors through low-loss optical fibres and enabling a large-scale quantum network. However, no current technology can convert low-frequency microwave signals into high-frequency optical signals while preserving their fragile quantum state. Here we demonstrate a converter that provides a bidirectional, coherent and efficient link between the microwave and optical portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. We use our converter to transfer classical signals between microwave and optical light with conversion efficiencies of ∼10%, and achieve performance sufficient to transfer quantum states if the device were further precooled from its current 4 K operating temperature to temperatures below 40 mK. An optomechanical system that converts microwaves to optical frequency light and vice versa is demonstrated. The technique achieves a conversion efficiency of approximately 10%. The results indicate that the device could work at the quantum level, up- and down-converting individual photons, if it were cooled to millikelvin temperatures. It could, therefore, form an integral part of quantum-processor networks.
AbstractList	Converting low-frequency electrical signals into much higher-frequency optical signals has enabled modern communication networks to leverage the strengths of both microfabricated electrical circuits and optical bre transmission, enabling information networks to grow in size and complexity. A microwave-to-optical converter in a quantum information network could provide similar gains by linking quantum processors through low-loss optical bres and enabling a large-scale quantum network. However, no current technology can convert low-frequency microwave signals into high-frequency optical signals while preserving their fragile quantum state. Converting low-frequency electrical signals into much higher-frequency optical signals has enabled modern communication networks to leverage the strengths of both microfabricated electrical circuits and optical fibre transmission, enabling information networks to grow in size and complexity. A microwave-to-optical converter in a quantum information network could provide similar gains by linking quantum processors through low-loss optical fibres and enabling a large-scale quantum network. However, no current technology can convert low-frequency microwave signals into high-frequency optical signals while preserving their fragile quantum state. Here we demonstrate a converter that provides a bidirectional, coherent and efficient link between the microwave and optical portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. We use our converter to transfer classical signals between microwave and optical light with conversion efficiencies of 10%, and achieve performance sufficient to transfer quantum states if the device were further precooled from its current 4 K operating temperature to temperatures below 40 mK. Converting low-frequency electrical signals into much higher-frequency optical signals has enabled modern communication networks to leverage the strengths of both microfabricated electrical circuits and optical fibre transmission, enabling information networks to grow in size and complexity. A microwave-to-optical converter in a quantum information network could provide similar gains by linking quantum processors through low-loss optical fibres and enabling a large-scale quantum network. However, no current technology can convert low-frequency microwave signals into high-frequency optical signals while preserving their fragile quantum state. Here we demonstrate a converter that provides a bidirectional, coherent and efficient link between the microwave and optical portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. We use our converter to transfer classical signals between microwave and optical light with conversion efficiencies of ∼10%, and achieve performance sufficient to transfer quantum states if the device were further precooled from its current 4 K operating temperature to temperatures below 40 mK. An optomechanical system that converts microwaves to optical frequency light and vice versa is demonstrated. The technique achieves a conversion efficiency of approximately 10%. The results indicate that the device could work at the quantum level, up- and down-converting individual photons, if it were cooled to millikelvin temperatures. It could, therefore, form an integral part of quantum-processor networks.
Author	Lehnert, K. W. Regal, C. A. Cicak, K. Purdy, T. P. Simmonds, R. W. Andrews, R. W. Peterson, R. W.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: R. W. surname: Andrews fullname: Andrews, R. W. email: reed.andrews@colorado.edu organization: JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado – sequence: 2 givenname: R. W. surname: Peterson fullname: Peterson, R. W. organization: JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado – sequence: 3 givenname: T. P. surname: Purdy fullname: Purdy, T. P. organization: JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado – sequence: 4 givenname: K. surname: Cicak fullname: Cicak, K. organization: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) – sequence: 5 givenname: R. W. surname: Simmonds fullname: Simmonds, R. W. organization: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) – sequence: 6 givenname: C. A. surname: Regal fullname: Regal, C. A. organization: JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado – sequence: 7 givenname: K. W. surname: Lehnert fullname: Lehnert, K. W. organization: JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
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Snippet	Converting low-frequency electrical signals into much higher-frequency optical signals has enabled modern communication networks to leverage the strengths of...
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SubjectTerms	639/624/1075/1081 639/766/1130/2799 639/766/1130/2800 Atomic Bidirectional Classical and Continuum Physics Complex Systems Condensed Matter Physics Conversion Converters Electric circuits Electric currents Frequency distribution Mathematical and Computational Physics Microwave communications Microwaves Molecular Networks Optical and Plasma Physics Optical communication Optical fibers Optical properties Physics Signaling Theoretical
Title	Bidirectional and efficient conversion between microwave and optical light
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