Stabilizing black-phase formamidinium perovskite formation at room temperature and high humidity
Although methods have been developed that create the photoactive black perovskite phase of formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI 3 ), these routes are temperature and humidity sensitive and less compatible with large-scale solar cell production. Hui et al. report an alternative route in which verticall...
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| Published in | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 371; no. 6536; pp. 1359 - 1364 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
The American Association for the Advancement of Science
26.03.2021
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Although methods have been developed that create the photoactive black perovskite phase of formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI
3
), these routes are temperature and humidity sensitive and less compatible with large-scale solar cell production. Hui
et al.
report an alternative route in which vertically aligned lead iodide thin films are grown from the ionic liquid methylamine formate. Nanoscale channels in the films lower the barrier to permeation of formamidinium iodide and enable transformation to α-FAPbI
3
, even at high humidity and room temperature. Solar cells made with these films have power conversion efficiencies as high as 24.1% that display high stability.
Science
, this issue p.
1359
Vertically aligned lead iodide thin films grown from an ionic liquid enable ambient growth of black-phase perovskite.
The stabilization of black-phase formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI
3
) perovskite under various environmental conditions is considered necessary for solar cells. However, challenges remain regarding the temperature sensitivity of α-FAPbI
3
and the requirements for strict humidity control in its processing. Here we report the synthesis of stable α-FAPbI
3
, regardless of humidity and temperature, based on a vertically aligned lead iodide thin film grown from an ionic liquid, methylamine formate. The vertically grown structure has numerous nanometer-scale ion channels that facilitate the permeation of formamidinium iodide into the lead iodide thin films for fast and robust transformation to α-FAPbI
3
. A solar cell with a power-conversion efficiency of 24.1% was achieved. The unencapsulated cells retain 80 and 90% of their initial efficiencies for 500 hours at 85°C and continuous light stress, respectively. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The stabilization of black-phase formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI
) perovskite under various environmental conditions is considered necessary for solar cells. However, challenges remain regarding the temperature sensitivity of α-FAPbI
and the requirements for strict humidity control in its processing. Here we report the synthesis of stable α-FAPbI
, regardless of humidity and temperature, based on a vertically aligned lead iodide thin film grown from an ionic liquid, methylamine formate. The vertically grown structure has numerous nanometer-scale ion channels that facilitate the permeation of formamidinium iodide into the lead iodide thin films for fast and robust transformation to α-FAPbI
A solar cell with a power-conversion efficiency of 24.1% was achieved. The unencapsulated cells retain 80 and 90% of their initial efficiencies for 500 hours at 85°C and continuous light stress, respectively. The stabilization of black-phase formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI3) perovskite under various environmental conditions is considered necessary for solar cells. However, challenges remain regarding the temperature sensitivity of α-FAPbI3 and the requirements for strict humidity control in its processing. Here we report the synthesis of stable α-FAPbI3, regardless of humidity and temperature, based on a vertically aligned lead iodide thin film grown from an ionic liquid, methylamine formate. The vertically grown structure has numerous nanometer-scale ion channels that facilitate the permeation of formamidinium iodide into the lead iodide thin films for fast and robust transformation to α-FAPbI3 A solar cell with a power-conversion efficiency of 24.1% was achieved. The unencapsulated cells retain 80 and 90% of their initial efficiencies for 500 hours at 85°C and continuous light stress, respectively.The stabilization of black-phase formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI3) perovskite under various environmental conditions is considered necessary for solar cells. However, challenges remain regarding the temperature sensitivity of α-FAPbI3 and the requirements for strict humidity control in its processing. Here we report the synthesis of stable α-FAPbI3, regardless of humidity and temperature, based on a vertically aligned lead iodide thin film grown from an ionic liquid, methylamine formate. The vertically grown structure has numerous nanometer-scale ion channels that facilitate the permeation of formamidinium iodide into the lead iodide thin films for fast and robust transformation to α-FAPbI3 A solar cell with a power-conversion efficiency of 24.1% was achieved. The unencapsulated cells retain 80 and 90% of their initial efficiencies for 500 hours at 85°C and continuous light stress, respectively. Perovskite synthesis out in the openAlthough methods have been developed that create the photoactive black perovskite phase of formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI3), these routes are temperature and humidity sensitive and less compatible with large-scale solar cell production. Hui et al. report an alternative route in which vertically aligned lead iodide thin films are grown from the ionic liquid methylamine formate. Nanoscale channels in the films lower the barrier to permeation of formamidinium iodide and enable transformation to α-FAPbI3, even at high humidity and room temperature. Solar cells made with these films have power conversion efficiencies as high as 24.1% that display high stability.Science, this issue p. 1359The stabilization of black-phase formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI3) perovskite under various environmental conditions is considered necessary for solar cells. However, challenges remain regarding the temperature sensitivity of α-FAPbI3 and the requirements for strict humidity control in its processing. Here we report the synthesis of stable α-FAPbI3, regardless of humidity and temperature, based on a vertically aligned lead iodide thin film grown from an ionic liquid, methylamine formate. The vertically grown structure has numerous nanometer-scale ion channels that facilitate the permeation of formamidinium iodide into the lead iodide thin films for fast and robust transformation to α-FAPbI3. A solar cell with a power-conversion efficiency of 24.1% was achieved. The unencapsulated cells retain 80 and 90% of their initial efficiencies for 500 hours at 85°C and continuous light stress, respectively. Although methods have been developed that create the photoactive black perovskite phase of formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI 3 ), these routes are temperature and humidity sensitive and less compatible with large-scale solar cell production. Hui et al. report an alternative route in which vertically aligned lead iodide thin films are grown from the ionic liquid methylamine formate. Nanoscale channels in the films lower the barrier to permeation of formamidinium iodide and enable transformation to α-FAPbI 3 , even at high humidity and room temperature. Solar cells made with these films have power conversion efficiencies as high as 24.1% that display high stability. Science , this issue p. 1359 Vertically aligned lead iodide thin films grown from an ionic liquid enable ambient growth of black-phase perovskite. The stabilization of black-phase formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI 3 ) perovskite under various environmental conditions is considered necessary for solar cells. However, challenges remain regarding the temperature sensitivity of α-FAPbI 3 and the requirements for strict humidity control in its processing. Here we report the synthesis of stable α-FAPbI 3 , regardless of humidity and temperature, based on a vertically aligned lead iodide thin film grown from an ionic liquid, methylamine formate. The vertically grown structure has numerous nanometer-scale ion channels that facilitate the permeation of formamidinium iodide into the lead iodide thin films for fast and robust transformation to α-FAPbI 3 . A solar cell with a power-conversion efficiency of 24.1% was achieved. The unencapsulated cells retain 80 and 90% of their initial efficiencies for 500 hours at 85°C and continuous light stress, respectively. |
| Author | Shi, Wei Zhang, Hui Gao, Xingyu Li, Bixin Niu, Tingting Su, Zhenhuang Xia, Fei Zhang, Jing Zuo, Shouwei Xia, Yingdong Wei, Qi Song, Lin Chen, Yonghua Hui, Wei Ran, Chenxin Xing, Guichuan Lu, Hui Ran, Xueqin Li, Ping Du, Bin Dong, He Li, Deli Chao, Lingfeng Wang, Yue Wu, Zhongbin Huang, Wei Tao, Lei |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Wei orcidid: 0000-0002-2310-8466 surname: Hui fullname: Hui, Wei organization: Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Lingfeng orcidid: 0000-0001-5493-435X surname: Chao fullname: Chao, Lingfeng organization: Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Hui orcidid: 0000-0003-0635-2667 surname: Lu fullname: Lu, Hui organization: Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Fei orcidid: 0000-0002-0217-4851 surname: Xia fullname: Xia, Fei organization: Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Qi orcidid: 0000-0002-5322-3692 surname: Wei fullname: Wei, Qi organization: Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Zhenhuang orcidid: 0000-0003-0026-2601 surname: Su fullname: Su, Zhenhuang organization: Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201204, China – sequence: 7 givenname: Tingting orcidid: 0000-0001-5083-4458 surname: Niu fullname: Niu, Tingting organization: Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China – sequence: 8 givenname: Lei orcidid: 0000-0002-8722-5899 surname: Tao fullname: Tao, Lei organization: Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China – sequence: 9 givenname: Bin orcidid: 0000-0002-4327-0073 surname: Du fullname: Du, Bin organization: Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China – sequence: 10 givenname: Deli orcidid: 0000-0003-0931-3989 surname: Li fullname: Li, Deli organization: Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China – sequence: 11 givenname: Yue orcidid: 0000-0002-3256-4172 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Yue organization: Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China – sequence: 12 givenname: He orcidid: 0000-0003-4152-3505 surname: Dong fullname: Dong, He organization: Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China – sequence: 13 givenname: Shouwei orcidid: 0000-0001-8936-4668 surname: Zuo fullname: Zuo, Shouwei organization: Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China – sequence: 14 givenname: Bixin orcidid: 0000-0003-1134-1196 surname: Li fullname: Li, Bixin organization: Department of Educational Science, Laboratory of College Physics, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China – sequence: 15 givenname: Wei orcidid: 0000-0002-6114-6447 surname: Shi fullname: Shi, Wei organization: Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China – sequence: 16 givenname: Xueqin orcidid: 0000-0001-5662-4208 surname: Ran fullname: Ran, Xueqin organization: Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China – sequence: 17 givenname: Ping orcidid: 0000-0002-2626-1095 surname: Li fullname: Li, Ping organization: Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China – sequence: 18 givenname: Hui orcidid: 0000-0003-3100-8534 surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Hui organization: Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China – sequence: 19 givenname: Zhongbin orcidid: 0000-0002-8425-5013 surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Zhongbin organization: Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China – sequence: 20 givenname: Chenxin orcidid: 0000-0003-2979-3051 surname: Ran fullname: Ran, Chenxin organization: Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China – sequence: 21 givenname: Lin orcidid: 0000-0003-4971-6301 surname: Song fullname: Song, Lin organization: Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China – sequence: 22 givenname: Guichuan orcidid: 0000-0003-2769-8659 surname: Xing fullname: Xing, Guichuan organization: Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China – sequence: 23 givenname: Xingyu orcidid: 0000-0003-1477-0092 surname: Gao fullname: Gao, Xingyu organization: Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201204, China – sequence: 24 givenname: Jing orcidid: 0000-0002-3750-374X surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Jing organization: Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China – sequence: 25 givenname: Yingdong orcidid: 0000-0003-4023-3231 surname: Xia fullname: Xia, Yingdong organization: Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China – sequence: 26 givenname: Yonghua orcidid: 0000-0002-9694-4246 surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Yonghua organization: Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China – sequence: 27 givenname: Wei orcidid: 0000-0001-7004-6408 surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Wei organization: Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China., Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China., Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33766883$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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3
), these routes are temperature... The stabilization of black-phase formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI ) perovskite under various environmental conditions is considered necessary for solar... Perovskite synthesis out in the openAlthough methods have been developed that create the photoactive black perovskite phase of formamidinium lead iodide... The stabilization of black-phase formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI3) perovskite under various environmental conditions is considered necessary for solar... |
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| SubjectTerms | Climate Energy conversion efficiency Environmental conditions Humidity Humidity control Iodides Ion channels Ionic liquids Ions Methylamine Moisture control Penetration Perovskites Photovoltaic cells Room temperature Solar cells Synthesis Temperature requirements Thin films |
| Title | Stabilizing black-phase formamidinium perovskite formation at room temperature and high humidity |
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