Comprehensive Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Exoskeleton Research: Control, Design, and Application

• Published in: Actuators Vol. 14; no. 7; p. 342
• Main Authors: Hasan, Sk, Alam, Nafizul
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.07.2025
• Subjects: Actuator design; Actuators; adaptive control systems; Business metrics; Comparative analysis; Computer architecture; Configuration management; Control algorithms; Control engineering; Controllers; Cooperative control; Degrees of freedom; Design; Digital twins; Electroencephalography; Energy efficiency; Exoskeletons; Fuzzy logic; Gait; Hardware; Human engineering; human–robot interaction (HRI); Inclusion; Innovations; lower limb exoskeletons; Machine learning; Neural networks; Pediatrics; Real time; Recurrent neural networks; Rehabilitation; rehabilitation robotics; Robotics; Robots; Sensors; Simulation methods; Spinal cord; Synchronism; Technological change; Terrain; Trends; wearable assistive technology

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in lower limb exoskeleton systems, focusing on applications, control strategies, hardware architecture, sensing modalities, human-robot interaction, evaluation methods, and technical innovations. The study spans systems developed f...