Biochar-based fertilizer effects on crop productivity: a meta-analysis

Aim Biochar-based fertilizers (BBF) have gained increasing interest in recent years, yet their effects on crop productivity have not been reviewed. Methods We conducted a meta-analysis of the published literature (2011-2021) using 148 pairwise comparisons between crop productivity after additions of...

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Published in	Plant and soil Vol. 472; no. 1-2; pp. 45 - 58
Main Authors	Melo, Leônidas Carrijo Azevedo, Lehmann, Johannes, Carneiro, Jefferson Santana da Silva, Camps-Arbestain, Marta
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Cham Springer International Publishing 01.03.2022 Springer Springer Nature B.V
Subjects	Agriculture Analysis biochar Biomedical and Life Sciences Charcoal Cluster analysis Crop production Crop yield Crop yields Crops Ecology Environmental impact fertilizer application Fertilizers Life Sciences Meta-analysis mineral fertilizers Nutrient loss Pairwise comparison Plant Physiology Plant Sciences Productivity Review Article soil Soil conditioners Soil conditions Soil Science & Conservation temperature New Zealand Brazil United States Organo-mineral fertilizers Enhanced-efficiency fertilizer Nutrient use efficiency Biochar Crop production
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Abstract	Aim Biochar-based fertilizers (BBF) have gained increasing interest in recent years, yet their effects on crop productivity have not been reviewed. Methods We conducted a meta-analysis of the published literature (2011-2021) using 148 pairwise comparisons between crop productivity after additions of BBF, of conventional fertilizers (fertilized control), and a non-fertilized control. Results On average, BBF applied at very low application rates (mean of 0.9 t ha −1 ) increased crop productivity by 10% compared with fertilized controls and 186% compared with non-fertilized controls. This mean crop productivity increase is comparable to that reported when biochar is used as a soil conditioner (i.e., 15 t-30 t ha −1 to increase crop productivity by 10%). This crop yield increase suggests that biochar acts as a matrix to increase fertilizer use efficiency to a larger extent than conventional fertilizer alone. Cluster analysis revealed that BBFs have the potential to increase crop productivity by 15% when added to soils that are not responsive to conventional fertilizers. BBF produced at a highest heating temperature (HHT) of >400 °C increased crop productivity by 12% as opposed to those produced at a HHT of ≤400 °C that showed no increase. BBF with C contents >30% in the final mixture caused the largest increase in crop productivity by 17%, whereas those with C contents ≤30% had no effect. Conclusion This study has shown that biochar can be an effective constituent of novel fertilizers with enhanced efficiency, which may contribute to lower nutrient losses and lower negative environmental impacts.
AbstractList	Aim Biochar-based fertilizers (BBF) have gained increasing interest in recent years, yet their effects on crop productivity have not been reviewed. Methods We conducted a meta-analysis of the published literature (2011-2021) using 148 pairwise comparisons between crop productivity after additions of BBF, of conventional fertilizers (fertilized control), and a non-fertilized control. Results On average, BBF applied at very low application rates (mean of 0.9 t ha.sup.-1) increased crop productivity by 10% compared with fertilized controls and 186% compared with non-fertilized controls. This mean crop productivity increase is comparable to that reported when biochar is used as a soil conditioner (i.e., 15 t-30 t ha.sup.-1 to increase crop productivity by 10%). This crop yield increase suggests that biochar acts as a matrix to increase fertilizer use efficiency to a larger extent than conventional fertilizer alone. Cluster analysis revealed that BBFs have the potential to increase crop productivity by 15% when added to soils that are not responsive to conventional fertilizers. BBF produced at a highest heating temperature (HHT) of >400 °C increased crop productivity by 12% as opposed to those produced at a HHT of [less than or equal to]400 °C that showed no increase. BBF with C contents >30% in the final mixture caused the largest increase in crop productivity by 17%, whereas those with C contents [less than or equal to]30% had no effect. Conclusion This study has shown that biochar can be an effective constituent of novel fertilizers with enhanced efficiency, which may contribute to lower nutrient losses and lower negative environmental impacts. AimBiochar-based fertilizers (BBF) have gained increasing interest in recent years, yet their effects on crop productivity have not been reviewed.MethodsWe conducted a meta-analysis of the published literature (2011-2021) using 148 pairwise comparisons between crop productivity after additions of BBF, of conventional fertilizers (fertilized control), and a non-fertilized control.ResultsOn average, BBF applied at very low application rates (mean of 0.9 t ha−1) increased crop productivity by 10% compared with fertilized controls and 186% compared with non-fertilized controls. This mean crop productivity increase is comparable to that reported when biochar is used as a soil conditioner (i.e., 15 t-30 t ha−1 to increase crop productivity by 10%). This crop yield increase suggests that biochar acts as a matrix to increase fertilizer use efficiency to a larger extent than conventional fertilizer alone. Cluster analysis revealed that BBFs have the potential to increase crop productivity by 15% when added to soils that are not responsive to conventional fertilizers. BBF produced at a highest heating temperature (HHT) of >400 °C increased crop productivity by 12% as opposed to those produced at a HHT of ≤400 °C that showed no increase. BBF with C contents >30% in the final mixture caused the largest increase in crop productivity by 17%, whereas those with C contents ≤30% had no effect.ConclusionThis study has shown that biochar can be an effective constituent of novel fertilizers with enhanced efficiency, which may contribute to lower nutrient losses and lower negative environmental impacts. AIM: Biochar-based fertilizers (BBF) have gained increasing interest in recent years, yet their effects on crop productivity have not been reviewed. METHODS: We conducted a meta-analysis of the published literature (2011-2021) using 148 pairwise comparisons between crop productivity after additions of BBF, of conventional fertilizers (fertilized control), and a non-fertilized control. RESULTS: On average, BBF applied at very low application rates (mean of 0.9 t ha⁻¹) increased crop productivity by 10% compared with fertilized controls and 186% compared with non-fertilized controls. This mean crop productivity increase is comparable to that reported when biochar is used as a soil conditioner (i.e., 15 t-30 t ha⁻¹ to increase crop productivity by 10%). This crop yield increase suggests that biochar acts as a matrix to increase fertilizer use efficiency to a larger extent than conventional fertilizer alone. Cluster analysis revealed that BBFs have the potential to increase crop productivity by 15% when added to soils that are not responsive to conventional fertilizers. BBF produced at a highest heating temperature (HHT) of >400 °C increased crop productivity by 12% as opposed to those produced at a HHT of ≤400 °C that showed no increase. BBF with C contents >30% in the final mixture caused the largest increase in crop productivity by 17%, whereas those with C contents ≤30% had no effect. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that biochar can be an effective constituent of novel fertilizers with enhanced efficiency, which may contribute to lower nutrient losses and lower negative environmental impacts. Aim Biochar-based fertilizers (BBF) have gained increasing interest in recent years, yet their effects on crop productivity have not been reviewed. Methods We conducted a meta-analysis of the published literature (2011-2021) using 148 pairwise comparisons between crop productivity after additions of BBF, of conventional fertilizers (fertilized control), and a non-fertilized control. Results On average, BBF applied at very low application rates (mean of 0.9 t ha −1 ) increased crop productivity by 10% compared with fertilized controls and 186% compared with non-fertilized controls. This mean crop productivity increase is comparable to that reported when biochar is used as a soil conditioner (i.e., 15 t-30 t ha −1 to increase crop productivity by 10%). This crop yield increase suggests that biochar acts as a matrix to increase fertilizer use efficiency to a larger extent than conventional fertilizer alone. Cluster analysis revealed that BBFs have the potential to increase crop productivity by 15% when added to soils that are not responsive to conventional fertilizers. BBF produced at a highest heating temperature (HHT) of >400 °C increased crop productivity by 12% as opposed to those produced at a HHT of ≤400 °C that showed no increase. BBF with C contents >30% in the final mixture caused the largest increase in crop productivity by 17%, whereas those with C contents ≤30% had no effect. Conclusion This study has shown that biochar can be an effective constituent of novel fertilizers with enhanced efficiency, which may contribute to lower nutrient losses and lower negative environmental impacts.
Audience	Academic
Author	Camps-Arbestain, Marta Carneiro, Jefferson Santana da Silva Lehmann, Johannes Melo, Leônidas Carrijo Azevedo
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Leônidas Carrijo Azevedo orcidid: 0000-0002-4034-4209 surname: Melo fullname: Melo, Leônidas Carrijo Azevedo email: leonidas.melo@ufla.br organization: Soil Science Department, School of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Lavras – sequence: 2 givenname: Johannes surname: Lehmann fullname: Lehmann, Johannes organization: Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University – sequence: 3 givenname: Jefferson Santana da Silva surname: Carneiro fullname: Carneiro, Jefferson Santana da Silva organization: Soil Science Department, School of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Lavras – sequence: 4 givenname: Marta surname: Camps-Arbestain fullname: Camps-Arbestain, Marta organization: New Zealand Biochar Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University
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Snippet	Aim Biochar-based fertilizers (BBF) have gained increasing interest in recent years, yet their effects on crop productivity have not been reviewed. Methods We... Aim Biochar-based fertilizers (BBF) have gained increasing interest in recent years, yet their effects on crop productivity have not been reviewed. Methods We... AimBiochar-based fertilizers (BBF) have gained increasing interest in recent years, yet their effects on crop productivity have not been reviewed.MethodsWe... AIM: Biochar-based fertilizers (BBF) have gained increasing interest in recent years, yet their effects on crop productivity have not been reviewed. METHODS:...
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SubjectTerms	Agriculture Analysis biochar Biomedical and Life Sciences Charcoal Cluster analysis Crop production Crop yield Crop yields Crops Ecology Environmental impact fertilizer application Fertilizers Life Sciences Meta-analysis mineral fertilizers Nutrient loss Pairwise comparison Plant Physiology Plant Sciences Productivity Review Article soil Soil conditioners Soil conditions Soil Science & Conservation temperature
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Title	Biochar-based fertilizer effects on crop productivity: a meta-analysis
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