Naive causality: a mental model theory of causal meaning and reasoning
This paper outlines a theory and computer implementation of causal meanings and reasoning. The meanings depend on possibilities, and there are four weak causal relations: A causes B, A prevents B, A allows B, and A allows not‐B, and two stronger relations of cause and prevention. Thus, A causes B co...
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| Published in | Cognitive science Vol. 25; no. 4; pp. 565 - 610 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
10 Industrial Avenue, Mahwah, NJ 07430‐2262, USA
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc
01.07.2001
Taylor & Francis Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | This paper outlines a theory and computer implementation of causal meanings and reasoning. The meanings depend on possibilities, and there are four weak causal relations: A causes B, A prevents B, A allows B, and A allows not‐B, and two stronger relations of cause and prevention. Thus, A causes B corresponds to three possibilities: A and B, not‐A and B, and not‐A and not‐B, with the temporal constraint that B does not precede A; and the stronger relation conveys only the first and last of these possibilities. Individuals represent these relations in mental models of what is true in the various possibilities. The theory predicts a number of phenomena, and, contrary to many accounts, it implies that the meaning of causation is not probabilistic, differs from the meaning of enabling conditions, and does not depend on causal powers or mechanisms. The theory also implies that causal deductions do not depend on schemas or rules. |
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| AbstractList | This paper outlines a thoery and computer implementation of causal meanings and reasoning. The meanings depend on possibilities, and there are four weak casusal realtions: A causes B, A prevents B, A allows B, and A allows not-B, and two stronger relations of cause and prevention. This paper outlines a theory and computer implementation of causal meanings and reasoning. The meanings depend on possibilities, and there are four weak causal relations: A causes B, A prevents B, A allows B, and A allows not‐B, and two stronger relations of cause and prevention. Thus, A causes B corresponds to three possibilities: A and B, not‐A and B, and not‐A and not‐B, with the temporal constraint that B does not precede A; and the stronger relation conveys only the first and last of these possibilities. Individuals represent these relations in mental models of what is true in the various possibilities. The theory predicts a number of phenomena, and, contrary to many accounts, it implies that the meaning of causation is not probabilistic, differs from the meaning of enabling conditions, and does not depend on causal powers or mechanisms. The theory also implies that causal deductions do not depend on schemas or rules. Abstract This paper outlines a theory and computer implementation of causal meanings and reasoning. The meanings depend on possibilities, and there are four weak causal relations: A causes B, A prevents B, A allows B , and A allows not‐B , and two stronger relations of cause and prevention. Thus, A causes B corresponds to three possibilities: A and B, not‐A and B, and not‐A and not‐B, with the temporal constraint that B does not precede A; and the stronger relation conveys only the first and last of these possibilities. Individuals represent these relations in mental models of what is true in the various possibilities. The theory predicts a number of phenomena, and, contrary to many accounts, it implies that the meaning of causation is not probabilistic, differs from the meaning of enabling conditions, and does not depend on causal powers or mechanisms. The theory also implies that causal deductions do not depend on schemas or rules. |
| Author | Goldvarg, Eugenia Johnson‐Laird, P.N. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Eugenia surname: Goldvarg fullname: Goldvarg, Eugenia – sequence: 2 givenname: P.N. surname: Johnson‐Laird fullname: Johnson‐Laird, P.N. |
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| Copyright | 2001 Cognitive Science Society, Inc. 2001 INIST-CNRS Copyright Ablex Publishing Corporation Jul/Aug 2001 |
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| Snippet | This paper outlines a theory and computer implementation of causal meanings and reasoning. The meanings depend on possibilities, and there are four weak causal... Abstract This paper outlines a theory and computer implementation of causal meanings and reasoning. The meanings depend on possibilities, and there are four... This paper outlines a thoery and computer implementation of causal meanings and reasoning. The meanings depend on possibilities, and there are four weak... |
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| SubjectTerms | Biological and medical sciences Causality Cognition & reasoning Cognition. Intelligence Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Reasoning. Problem solving Theory |
| Title | Naive causality: a mental model theory of causal meaning and reasoning |
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