Spatial and temporal patterns of water availability in a grass-shrub ecotone and implications for grassland recovery in arid environments

Encroachment of woody shrubs into historic desert grasslands is a major problem throughout the world. Conversion of grasslands to shrub‐dominated systems may result in significant alteration of biogeochemical processes and reduced resource availability in shrub interspaces, making grassland recovery...

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Published inEcohydrology Vol. 3; no. 1; pp. 55 - 67
Main Authors Duniway, Michael C., Snyder, Keirith A., Herrick, Jeffrey E.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01.03.2010
Wiley-Blackwell
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Abstract Encroachment of woody shrubs into historic desert grasslands is a major problem throughout the world. Conversion of grasslands to shrub‐dominated systems may result in significant alteration of biogeochemical processes and reduced resource availability in shrub interspaces, making grassland recovery difficult. Soil petrocalcic horizons, which are common in arid and semi‐arid regions globally, have been shown to dramatically alter plant water availability. To assess how soil water dynamics are affected by woody encroachment in petrocalcic soils under contrasting precipitation patterns, we conducted a 3‐year replicated study in a mixed shrub–grass system measuring soil water in unvegetated interspaces and under mesquite canopies. Plots were instrumented with time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) moisture probes, both above and within the soil petrocalcic horizon. Soils under both cover types maintained large increases in available water content for several months during a wetter than normal winter and summer (increases of 0·08–0·16 m3 m−3). Interspace soils absorbed significantly greater quantities of water during the winter and retained more water into the spring than soils under shrubs. In contrast, soils under shrubs initially absorbed greater volumes of water during and following summer rains. Differing seasonal dynamics were attributed to interactions between the unique properties of soils with petrocalcic horizons and canopy‐induced variability in evapotranspiration. Observed patterns of plant‐available water do not support the hypothesis of greater resource availability under shrubs. Similar or greater water availability in shrub interspaces indicates that concentration of soil water under shrubs may not be a process limiting grass recovery on these soils. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AbstractList Encroachment of woody shrubs into historic desert grasslands is a major problem throughout the world. Conversion of grasslands to shrub‐dominated systems may result in significant alteration of biogeochemical processes and reduced resource availability in shrub interspaces, making grassland recovery difficult. Soil petrocalcic horizons, which are common in arid and semi‐arid regions globally, have been shown to dramatically alter plant water availability. To assess how soil water dynamics are affected by woody encroachment in petrocalcic soils under contrasting precipitation patterns, we conducted a 3‐year replicated study in a mixed shrub–grass system measuring soil water in unvegetated interspaces and under mesquite canopies. Plots were instrumented with time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) moisture probes, both above and within the soil petrocalcic horizon. Soils under both cover types maintained large increases in available water content for several months during a wetter than normal winter and summer (increases of 0·08–0·16 m 3 m −3 ). Interspace soils absorbed significantly greater quantities of water during the winter and retained more water into the spring than soils under shrubs. In contrast, soils under shrubs initially absorbed greater volumes of water during and following summer rains. Differing seasonal dynamics were attributed to interactions between the unique properties of soils with petrocalcic horizons and canopy‐induced variability in evapotranspiration. Observed patterns of plant‐available water do not support the hypothesis of greater resource availability under shrubs. Similar or greater water availability in shrub interspaces indicates that concentration of soil water under shrubs may not be a process limiting grass recovery on these soils. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Encroachment of woody shrubs into historic desert grasslands is a major problem throughout the world. Conversion of grasslands to shrub‐dominated systems may result in significant alteration of biogeochemical processes and reduced resource availability in shrub interspaces, making grassland recovery difficult. Soil petrocalcic horizons, which are common in arid and semi‐arid regions globally, have been shown to dramatically alter plant water availability. To assess how soil water dynamics are affected by woody encroachment in petrocalcic soils under contrasting precipitation patterns, we conducted a 3‐year replicated study in a mixed shrub–grass system measuring soil water in unvegetated interspaces and under mesquite canopies. Plots were instrumented with time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) moisture probes, both above and within the soil petrocalcic horizon. Soils under both cover types maintained large increases in available water content for several months during a wetter than normal winter and summer (increases of 0·08–0·16 m3 m−3). Interspace soils absorbed significantly greater quantities of water during the winter and retained more water into the spring than soils under shrubs. In contrast, soils under shrubs initially absorbed greater volumes of water during and following summer rains. Differing seasonal dynamics were attributed to interactions between the unique properties of soils with petrocalcic horizons and canopy‐induced variability in evapotranspiration. Observed patterns of plant‐available water do not support the hypothesis of greater resource availability under shrubs. Similar or greater water availability in shrub interspaces indicates that concentration of soil water under shrubs may not be a process limiting grass recovery on these soils. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Author Herrick, Jeffrey E.
Snyder, Keirith A.
Duniway, Michael C.
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  givenname: Jeffrey E.
  surname: Herrick
  fullname: Herrick, Jeffrey E.
  organization: USDA-ARS, Jornada Experimental Range, MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
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Issue 1
Keywords Grassland
Monocotyledones
Prosopis
Desertification
soil water
Spatial variation
Chihuahua Mexico
available water
Time variation
Chihuahuan desert
Restoration
Gramineae
Dicotyledones
petrocalcic
Angiospermae
Bouteloua
Arid environment
Shrub
Woody plant
Water availability
Soils
Ecotone
Spatial distribution
Leguminosae
Spermatophyta
Herbaceous plant
Desert
Language English
License CC BY 4.0
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1991; 19
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2006
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2001; 49
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2002
2005; 61
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2001; 251
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2001
2002; 83
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1997; 35
1999; 14
2000; 31
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1972; 53
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1994; 39
1980
2007; 64
1999; 217
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Snippet Encroachment of woody shrubs into historic desert grasslands is a major problem throughout the world. Conversion of grasslands to shrub‐dominated systems may...
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SubjectTerms Animal and plant ecology
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
available water
Biological and medical sciences
Bouteloua
Chihuahuan desert
desertification
Fresh water ecosystems
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
petrocalcic
Prosopis
soil water
Synecology
Title Spatial and temporal patterns of water availability in a grass-shrub ecotone and implications for grassland recovery in arid environments
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