Perceptual and memory biases for health-related information in hypochondriacal individuals
Problematic health concerns characteristic of hypochondriasis may be better understood with the aid of cognitive, information processing theories. We investigated whether hypochondriacal individuals show perceptual and explicit memory biases favoring health-related information. A clinical sample of...
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| Published in | Journal of psychosomatic research Vol. 47; no. 1; pp. 67 - 78 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Amsterdam
Elsevier Inc
01.07.1999
New York, NY Elsevier |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Problematic health concerns characteristic of hypochondriasis may be better understood with the aid of cognitive, information processing theories. We investigated whether hypochondriacal individuals show perceptual and explicit memory biases favoring health-related information. A clinical sample of hypochondriacs (n=18) and healthy controls (n=22), and a sample of hypochondriacal (n=22) and nonhypochondriacal (n=67) patients referred for Holter monitoring, completed a computerized test of perceiving difficult-to-read words and then an encoding task followed by recall of those words. Contrary to our prediction, hypochondriacal individuals in the clinical sample did not perceive more health- related words than words not related to health. Hypochondriacal individuals in the Holter-monitoring sample showed an unexpected bias
against reporting health-related words. Social class may account for some of the group differences in this sample. Hypochondriacal individuals in both samples showed better memory for health-related than nonhealth words. |
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| AbstractList | Problematic health concerns characteristic of hypochondriasis may be better understood with the aid of cognitive, information processing theories. We investigated whether hypochondriacal individuals show perceptual and explicit memory biases favoring health-related information. A clinical sample of hypochondriacs (n=18) and healthy controls (n=22), and a sample of hypochondriacal (n=22) and nonhypochondriacal (n=67) patients referred for Holter monitoring, completed a computerized test of perceiving difficult-to-read words and then an encoding task followed by recall of those words. Contrary to our prediction, hypochondriacal individuals in the clinical sample did not perceive more health-related words than words not related to health. Hypochondriacal individuals in the Holter-monitoring sample showed an unexpected bias against reporting health-related words. Social class may account for some of the group differences in this sample. Hypochondriacal individuals in both samples showed better memory for health-related than nonhealth words. Problematic health concerns characteristic of hypochondriasis may be better understood with the aid of cognitive, information processing theories. We investigated whether hypochondriacal individuals show perceptual and explicit memory biases favoring health-related information. A clinical sample of hypochondriacs (n=18) and healthy controls (n=22), and a sample of hypochondriacal (n=22) and nonhypochondriacal (n=67) patients referred for Holter monitoring, completed a computerized test of perceiving difficult-to-read words and then an encoding task followed by recall of those words. Contrary to our prediction, hypochondriacal individuals in the clinical sample did not perceive more health- related words than words not related to health. Hypochondriacal individuals in the Holter-monitoring sample showed an unexpected bias against reporting health-related words. Social class may account for some of the group differences in this sample. Hypochondriacal individuals in both samples showed better memory for health-related than nonhealth words. |
| Author | Delamater, Beth Kosslyn, Stephen M. Barsky, Arthur J. Fama, Jeanne Brown, Halle D. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Halle D. surname: Brown fullname: Brown, Halle D. email: halle@eeg.com organization: Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Stephen M. surname: Kosslyn fullname: Kosslyn, Stephen M. organization: Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Beth surname: Delamater fullname: Delamater, Beth organization: Division of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Jeanne surname: Fama fullname: Fama, Jeanne organization: Division of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Arthur J. surname: Barsky fullname: Barsky, Arthur J. organization: Division of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1001/archinte.1991.00400010100013 10.1016/0022-3999(89)90086-X 10.1016/0005-7967(94)E0022-B 10.1192/bjp.169.2.189 10.1037/0278-6133.12.2.103 10.1037/0021-843X.104.1.241 10.1037/0096-3445.110.2.217 10.1016/0005-7967(95)00018-S 10.1016/0022-3956(90)90004-A 10.1001/archpsyc.1990.01810200054007 10.1002/bs.3830190102 10.1192/bjp.157.3.404 10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90346-3 10.1097/00005053-199105000-00006 10.1016/0272-7358(93)90045-N 10.1192/bjp.113.494.89 10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780290015001 10.3758/BF03203831 10.1037/h0036681 10.1016/S0005-7967(96)00099-X 10.1016/0005-7967(90)90023-C 10.1016/S0005-7967(97)10009-2 10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800050099013 10.1177/0146167290163004 10.2466/pms.1996.82.1.185 10.1016/0005-7967(95)00015-P 10.1037/h0056508 10.1016/S0033-3182(89)72247-7 |
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| Keywords | Perceptual bias Social class Hypochondriasis Information processing Explicit memory bias Belief Human Health Somatoform disorder Anxiety Cognition Hypochondria Verbal perception Explicit memory Experimental study Cognitive bias |
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| Snippet | Problematic health concerns characteristic of hypochondriasis may be better understood with the aid of cognitive, information processing theories. We... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Analysis of Variance Attitude to Health Biological and medical sciences Case-Control Studies Explicit memory bias Female Humans Hypochondriasis Hypochondriasis - psychology Information processing Male Medical sciences Memory - physiology Middle Aged Perceptual bias Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Semantics Sick Role Social Class Somatoform disorders. Psychosomatics Verbal Learning - physiology |
| Title | Perceptual and memory biases for health-related information in hypochondriacal individuals |
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