Antigenic analysis of genetic variants of Canine distemper virus

•There are differences in serum neutralization titers among tested Canine distemper viruses.•There are antigenic differences between America-1 vaccine strains and wild-type strains.•Current vaccines may provide incomplete protection against wild-type strains. Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an RNA v...

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Published inVeterinary microbiology Vol. 219; pp. 154 - 160
Main Authors Anis, Eman, Holford, Amy L., Galyon, Gina D., Wilkes, Rebecca P.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.06.2018
Elsevier BV
Subjects
Animal diseases
Antigenicity
Antigens
Canine distemper
Canine distemper virus
Carnivores
Cross-neutralization assay
Dogs
Epitopes
Genetic analysis
Genetic diversity
Genetic variance
Genetics
Neutralization
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
RNA viruses
Strains (organisms)
Terrestrial environments
Vaccines
Viral infections
Virus inactivation
Viruses
United States > US
Antigenicity
Canine distemper virus
Virus inactivation
Cross-neutralization assay
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Abstract •There are differences in serum neutralization titers among tested Canine distemper viruses.•There are antigenic differences between America-1 vaccine strains and wild-type strains.•Current vaccines may provide incomplete protection against wild-type strains. Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae. CDV produces multi-systemic disease in dogs and other terrestrial carnivores. With the development of modified live vaccines in the 1950s and 1960s, the disease, with a few exceptions, has been successfully controlled. However, recently the cases of CDV in vaccinated dogs have been increasing throughout the world, including the United States. There are many reasons that can lead to vaccine failure, including antigenic differences between the vaccine strains and the currently circulating wild-type strains. Currently, there are at least three genetically different CDV lineages circulating in the US. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated various wild-type CDV and vaccine isolates to determine if the genetic differences observed among various strains result in significant antigenic differences based on changes to the neutralizing epitopes. The results of a cross-neutralization assay revealed that there are antigenic differences among the tested CDV wild-type isolates as well as between the tested isolates and the vaccine strains currently used in the US. Therefore, these results suggest the need to develop an updated CDV vaccine.
AbstractList Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae. CDV produces multi-systemic disease in dogs and other terrestrial carnivores. With the development of modified live vaccines in the 1950s and 1960s, the disease, with a few exceptions, has been successfully controlled. However, recently the cases of CDV in vaccinated dogs have been increasing throughout the world, including the United States. There are many reasons that can lead to vaccine failure, including antigenic differences between the vaccine strains and the currently circulating wild-type strains. Currently, there are at least three genetically different CDV lineages circulating in the US. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated various wild-type CDV and vaccine isolates to determine if the genetic differences observed among various strains result in significant antigenic differences based on changes to the neutralizing epitopes. The results of a cross-neutralization assay revealed that there are antigenic differences among the tested CDV wild-type isolates as well as between the tested isolates and the vaccine strains currently used in the US. Therefore, these results suggest the need to develop an updated CDV vaccine.
•There are differences in serum neutralization titers among tested Canine distemper viruses.•There are antigenic differences between America-1 vaccine strains and wild-type strains.•Current vaccines may provide incomplete protection against wild-type strains. Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae. CDV produces multi-systemic disease in dogs and other terrestrial carnivores. With the development of modified live vaccines in the 1950s and 1960s, the disease, with a few exceptions, has been successfully controlled. However, recently the cases of CDV in vaccinated dogs have been increasing throughout the world, including the United States. There are many reasons that can lead to vaccine failure, including antigenic differences between the vaccine strains and the currently circulating wild-type strains. Currently, there are at least three genetically different CDV lineages circulating in the US. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated various wild-type CDV and vaccine isolates to determine if the genetic differences observed among various strains result in significant antigenic differences based on changes to the neutralizing epitopes. The results of a cross-neutralization assay revealed that there are antigenic differences among the tested CDV wild-type isolates as well as between the tested isolates and the vaccine strains currently used in the US. Therefore, these results suggest the need to develop an updated CDV vaccine.
Author Holford, Amy L.
Anis, Eman
Wilkes, Rebecca P.
Galyon, Gina D.
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Keywords Antigenicity
Canine distemper virus
Virus inactivation
Cross-neutralization assay
Language English
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Snippet •There are differences in serum neutralization titers among tested Canine distemper viruses.•There are antigenic differences between America-1 vaccine strains...
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae. CDV produces multi-systemic disease in dogs and...
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StartPage 154
SubjectTerms Animal diseases
Antigenicity
Antigens
Canine distemper
Canine distemper virus
Carnivores
Cross-neutralization assay
Dogs
Epitopes
Genetic analysis
Genetic diversity
Genetic variance
Genetics
Neutralization
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
RNA viruses
Strains (organisms)
Terrestrial environments
Vaccines
Viral infections
Virus inactivation
Viruses
Title Antigenic analysis of genetic variants of Canine distemper virus
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.014
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29778189
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2084454551/abstract/
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2042230952
Volume 219
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