Land Degradation by Soil Erosion in Nepal: A Review
Land degradation, particularly soil erosion, is currently a major challenge for Nepal. With a high rate of population growth, subsistence-based rural economy, and increasingly intense rainfall events in the monsoon season, Nepal is prone to several forms of land degradation, such as floods, landslid...
Saved in:
| Published in | Soil systems Vol. 3; no. 1; p. 12 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
MDPI AG
01.03.2019
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | Land degradation, particularly soil erosion, is currently a major challenge for Nepal. With a high rate of population growth, subsistence-based rural economy, and increasingly intense rainfall events in the monsoon season, Nepal is prone to several forms of land degradation, such as floods, landslides, and soil erosion. To understand the causes, impacts, and possible management options for soil erosion, a review on the causal factors, status, and amelioration measures for land degradation in Nepal was conducted based on recent information available in national and international journals and grey literature. Intense rainfall and conventional tillage practices coupled with poor soil structure and steep slopes are the main drivers of soil erosion. Soil erosion leads to losses in soil and crop productivity, pollution of land and water resources, and a loss of farm income. Strategies to manage erosion include mulching, cover cropping, contour farming, strip cropping, and conservation agriculture practices, along with bioengineering techniques. Land degradation issues are a prime policy focus in Nepal, including national three- and five-year plans. However, these policies have been generally ineffective in reducing soil erosion, landslides, and floods in relation to the set targets. Realistic plans need to be formulated in Nepal focusing more on capacity enhancement and local participation to actively influence land-degradation processes. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Land degradation, particularly soil erosion, is currently a major challenge for Nepal. With a high rate of population growth, subsistence-based rural economy, and increasingly intense rainfall events in the monsoon season, Nepal is prone to several forms of land degradation, such as floods, landslides, and soil erosion. To understand the causes, impacts, and possible management options for soil erosion, a review on the causal factors, status, and amelioration measures for land degradation in Nepal was conducted based on recent information available in national and international journals and grey literature. Intense rainfall and conventional tillage practices coupled with poor soil structure and steep slopes are the main drivers of soil erosion. Soil erosion leads to losses in soil and crop productivity, pollution of land and water resources, and a loss of farm income. Strategies to manage erosion include mulching, cover cropping, contour farming, strip cropping, and conservation agriculture practices, along with bioengineering techniques. Land degradation issues are a prime policy focus in Nepal, including national three- and five-year plans. However, these policies have been generally ineffective in reducing soil erosion, landslides, and floods in relation to the set targets. Realistic plans need to be formulated in Nepal focusing more on capacity enhancement and local participation to actively influence land-degradation processes. |
| Author | Chalise, Devraj Kumar, Lalit Kristiansen, Paul |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Devraj orcidid: 0000-0001-5030-7260 surname: Chalise fullname: Chalise, Devraj – sequence: 2 givenname: Lalit orcidid: 0000-0002-9205-756X surname: Kumar fullname: Kumar, Lalit – sequence: 3 givenname: Paul surname: Kristiansen fullname: Kristiansen, Paul |
| BookMark | eNp9kEtLAzEUhYNUsNb-AVezdFO9ecwk467UqoWioN2HzOROSZlOajJV-u-dtgqiIHdxH9zzcTjnpNf4Bgm5pHDNeQ430bs67mKL68iBAlB2QvoslXSkpMp7P-YzMoxxBQCMCpAi6xM-N41N7nAZjDWt801S7JLXDphMg4_73TXJE25MfZuMkxd8d_hxQU4rU0ccfvUBWdxPF5PH0fz5YTYZz0dl56odCeyKUZtbK7gsBRqRcWSVYiVikVGRMixBFtIKm1qLSJWwzPBcZIZnGR-Q2RFrvVnpTXBrE3baG6cPBx-W2oTWlTXqHEApCUXOsBJVATmqKhVUYgaAaVp0rKsjaxP82xZjq9culljXpkG_jZoJTlUKPOPdqzq-ll0AMWClS9ceommDcbWmoPep67-pd1L2S_rt-h_RJ0Tmidg |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1002_esp_70029 crossref_primary_10_3390_f12030358 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0269586 crossref_primary_10_54536_ajaset_v7i2_1383 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecolind_2023_109886 crossref_primary_10_3799_dqkx_2022_275 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11442_023_2130_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_catena_2024_108503 crossref_primary_10_3390_land12010175 crossref_primary_10_3390_su13020890 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40808_022_01527_y crossref_primary_10_3390_app122312211 crossref_primary_10_3390_f11040473 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2023_e15800 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jenvman_2021_111965 crossref_primary_10_1080_19475705_2021_1914753 crossref_primary_10_1007_s42452_021_04564_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_farsys_2024_100108 crossref_primary_10_3897_natureconservation_50_87411 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11069_023_05929_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00267_020_01362_w crossref_primary_10_1007_s11090_022_10291_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apsoil_2025_105910 crossref_primary_10_1002_hyp_15248 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_catena_2024_108217 crossref_primary_10_1155_aess_8547245 crossref_primary_10_3390_land12081591 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2022_161015 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaridenv_2021_104635 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11629_024_8655_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foreco_2023_120793 crossref_primary_10_20961_stjssa_v20i1_70343 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2024_170515 crossref_primary_10_18343_jipi_29_1_54 crossref_primary_10_1002_wwp2_12260 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecolind_2023_111267 crossref_primary_10_1080_03650340_2020_1842371 crossref_primary_10_1080_17550874_2021_1897700 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pce_2024_103630 crossref_primary_10_3389_ffgc_2024_1398864 crossref_primary_10_3390_su15097114 crossref_primary_10_3389_fsufs_2024_1270265 crossref_primary_10_3390_su11174709 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2022_157562 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11069_021_04718_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sjbs_2021_10_034 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jenvman_2021_112516 crossref_primary_10_3390_land9100368 crossref_primary_10_3390_soilsystems6040097 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_soisec_2023_100102 crossref_primary_10_1080_14735903_2023_2230826 crossref_primary_10_1093_forsci_fxad023 crossref_primary_10_3389_fevo_2023_1088796 crossref_primary_10_3390_su12208531 crossref_primary_10_1080_19475705_2023_2257363 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_catena_2019_104196 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10661_023_11611_0 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10668_023_03610_5 crossref_primary_10_1088_1755_1315_1180_1_012007 crossref_primary_10_1007_s43217_023_00140_y crossref_primary_10_3390_data9100120 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_indic_2024_100498 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclepro_2023_138725 crossref_primary_10_3390_land13101610 crossref_primary_10_3390_w14050772 crossref_primary_10_3390_rs13214360 crossref_primary_10_3390_land11050730 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rineng_2024_103237 crossref_primary_10_1002_agj2_20830 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecohyd_2023_10_005 crossref_primary_10_3390_w16081073 crossref_primary_10_29303_jrpb_v12i2_583 crossref_primary_10_3390_su15086913 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijdrr_2024_104494 crossref_primary_10_1088_1755_1315_1369_1_012022 crossref_primary_10_1088_1402_4896_ad8fe1 crossref_primary_10_12944_CWE_18_2_02 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11069_023_06038_2 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11676_021_01325_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2023_164557 crossref_primary_10_1080_27658511_2023_2236406 crossref_primary_10_3390_earth5010003 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0231692 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12524_023_01753_6 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijgi10010028 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10661_025_13875_0 crossref_primary_10_1007_s41101_022_00142_3 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10661_022_10623_6 crossref_primary_10_1111_ejss_13526 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jag_2024_104305 crossref_primary_10_3934_environsci_2023011 crossref_primary_10_1111_ajae_12440 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_still_2021_104949 crossref_primary_10_17311_tas_2024_329_343 crossref_primary_10_3390_land12101895 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijdrr_2021_102241 crossref_primary_10_3390_w11050952 crossref_primary_10_1002_agg2_70007 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2023_162242 crossref_primary_10_1007_s43217_024_00189_3 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12517_024_12057_5 crossref_primary_10_3390_geomatics2040027 crossref_primary_10_2166_wcc_2021_198 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scs_2024_105855 crossref_primary_10_3390_land13081264 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jssas_2024_10_001 crossref_primary_10_21467_ias_8_1_120_129 crossref_primary_10_1002_esp_5851 crossref_primary_10_3390_rs14020348 crossref_primary_10_3390_agronomy10010063 crossref_primary_10_3390_su14074066 crossref_primary_10_1039_D1CS00465D crossref_primary_10_1080_14735903_2022_2057642 crossref_primary_10_32410_huj_10375 crossref_primary_10_3390_w16243549 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2022_154161 crossref_primary_10_3390_soilsystems3040068 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10661_023_12086_9 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12210_023_01155_3 crossref_primary_10_1186_s44147_023_00198_5 crossref_primary_10_3390_rs13245160 crossref_primary_10_1002_ldr_4721 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12518_025_00612_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s00704_021_03820_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclepro_2023_139989 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_07066_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2024_171113 crossref_primary_10_2478_agri_2021_0015 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_95472_y crossref_primary_10_3390_w12092529 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_coesh_2023_100520 crossref_primary_10_1002_ldr_3866 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envsoft_2024_106145 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclepro_2024_142196 crossref_primary_10_1175_EI_D_21_0006_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jsames_2020_102829 crossref_primary_10_2166_wcc_2024_471 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2024_177174 crossref_primary_10_59983_s2025030105 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12665_024_11971_x crossref_primary_10_3390_land11081271 crossref_primary_10_1080_10106049_2021_2017013 crossref_primary_10_1007_s43832_024_00183_w crossref_primary_10_1029_2020EA001315 crossref_primary_10_1515_geo_2022_0700 crossref_primary_10_3389_ffgc_2023_1124677 crossref_primary_10_3390_su11185065 crossref_primary_10_3390_su15043043 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_landusepol_2022_106237 crossref_primary_10_61186_jwmr_15_1_63 crossref_primary_10_1088_1755_1315_355_1_012018 crossref_primary_10_3390_app13137648 crossref_primary_10_3390_su16167037 crossref_primary_10_1088_1755_1315_486_1_012068 crossref_primary_10_1111_sum_12636 |
| Cites_doi | 10.53055/ICIMOD.136 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.07.017 10.1016/S1366-7017(02)00014-4 10.1016/j.agwat.2006.08.005 10.1002/2013JF002888 10.1007/978-90-481-2666-8 10.1111/sum.12057 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.11.020 10.1002/ldr.2219 10.1111/j.1936-704X.2015.03187.x 10.1002/ldr.472 10.3126/tuj.v16i0.3795 10.53055/ICIMOD.9 10.1016/j.catena.2010.01.008 10.1007/s10113-010-0174-9 10.53055/ICIMOD.345 10.1002/ldr.858 10.1016/S0167-1987(99)00040-9 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.06.002 10.3126/aej.v10i0.2138 10.1371/journal.pone.0150494 10.4324/9780203362136 10.1007/s00267-009-9275-y 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0688:AIACCA]2.0.CO;2 10.1080/14634980500208184 10.1016/S1002-0160(17)60294-7 10.1002/ldr.536 10.1016/j.still.2005.04.003 10.1007/s11676-013-0415-0 10.1002/ldr.674 10.2307/3673799 10.1007/s12665-017-6626-5 10.1007/s10661-007-9864-2 10.1007/s00267-012-0003-7 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.257 10.1016/S1872-2032(07)60050-X 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.03.017 10.1016/S0143-6228(02)00069-3 10.1002/1099-145X(200011/12)11:6<575::AID-LDR410>3.0.CO;2-N 10.53055/ICIMOD.374 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.05.021 10.3390/agriculture3030443 10.2307/3673195 10.1002/ldr.2215 10.1002/ldr.792 10.1007/s12665-018-7842-3 10.1007/s13762-013-0341-x 10.1016/j.pce.2007.07.030 10.1007/s10668-005-1262-8 10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.04.010 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 7S9 L.6 DOA |
| DOI | 10.3390/soilsystems3010012 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | AGRICOLA CrossRef |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Agriculture |
| EISSN | 2571-8789 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_9008870b92ef4fb09e8f5417e600e55b 10_3390_soilsystems3010012 |
| GeographicLocations | Nepal |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Nepal |
| GroupedDBID | AADQD AAFWJ AAHBH AAYXX ADBBV AFPKN AFZYC ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS BCNDV CITATION GROUPED_DOAJ IAO MODMG M~E OK1 OZF 7S9 L.6 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c390t-4e4e421d9dd437c4ea463e2f82ceeb61452ec07b7d4d5ddee184d2a3946a3663 |
| IEDL.DBID | DOA |
| ISSN | 2571-8789 |
| IngestDate | Wed Aug 27 01:28:08 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 11 07:36:27 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 02:33:34 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:00:19 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1 |
| Language | English |
| License | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c390t-4e4e421d9dd437c4ea463e2f82ceeb61452ec07b7d4d5ddee184d2a3946a3663 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5030-7260 0000-0002-9205-756X |
| OpenAccessLink | https://doaj.org/article/9008870b92ef4fb09e8f5417e600e55b |
| PQID | 2431850363 |
| PQPubID | 24069 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_9008870b92ef4fb09e8f5417e600e55b proquest_miscellaneous_2431850363 crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_soilsystems3010012 crossref_primary_10_3390_soilsystems3010012 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2019-03-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2019-03-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 03 year: 2019 text: 2019-03-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationTitle | Soil systems |
| PublicationYear | 2019 |
| Publisher | MDPI AG |
| Publisher_xml | – name: MDPI AG |
| References | Anache (ref_34) 2018; 622 Holz (ref_41) 2015; 154 Tiwari (ref_63) 2008; 59 Acharya (ref_3) 2009; 10 ref_14 ref_12 Pimentel (ref_53) 2013; 3 ref_56 ref_10 Li (ref_35) 2014; 11 ref_19 ref_18 ref_16 ref_15 ref_59 Gautam (ref_9) 1993; 16 Quinton (ref_70) 2004; 20 Zare (ref_33) 2017; 76 Joshi (ref_22) 2003; 26 Byers (ref_13) 1987; 7 ref_25 ref_24 ref_23 Acharya (ref_61) 2008; 19 ref_66 ref_20 Lal (ref_49) 2000; 11 Hartwig (ref_68) 2002; 50 Higaki (ref_62) 2005; 8 Fries (ref_31) 2015; 26 ref_29 Lamichhane (ref_67) 2013; 24 ref_27 ref_26 Mohammad (ref_46) 2010; 81 Watanabe (ref_17) 1994; 14 Chaowen (ref_73) 2007; 27 Guerra (ref_5) 2017; 27 Acharya (ref_28) 2007; 18 Thapa (ref_40) 2002; 13 Posthumus (ref_51) 2015; 31 Ghimire (ref_7) 2013; 118 ref_36 ref_79 ref_78 ref_77 ref_76 ref_75 ref_74 Bayramin (ref_30) 2008; 140 Lal (ref_1) 2001; 12 ref_39 ref_38 Thapa (ref_52) 1999; 51 ref_37 Panagos (ref_54) 2015; 48 Evette (ref_55) 2009; 43 Turner (ref_2) 2016; 319 Ligonja (ref_57) 2015; 26 Mupangwa (ref_72) 2007; 32 Simonneaux (ref_32) 2015; 122 Shrestha (ref_21) 2011; 11 Su (ref_71) 2007; 87 Dhital (ref_64) 2013; 51 ref_47 ref_45 Dhital (ref_65) 2015; 74 Ramos (ref_60) 2006; 78 ref_42 Pimentel (ref_4) 2006; 8 Raya (ref_69) 2006; 17 Atreya (ref_43) 2008; 88 Cihacek (ref_50) 1994; 49 ref_48 Atreya (ref_44) 2006; 88 Chalise (ref_11) 2018; 77 Johnson (ref_58) 2002; 3 Gardner (ref_8) 2003; 23 ref_6 |
| References_xml | – ident: ref_24 doi: 10.53055/ICIMOD.136 – ident: ref_78 – volume: 319 start-page: 190 year: 2016 ident: ref_2 article-title: A review of methods, data, and models to assess changes in the value of ecosystem services from land degradation and restoration publication-title: Ecol. Modell. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.07.017 – volume: 3 start-page: 507 year: 2002 ident: ref_58 article-title: User participation in watershed management and research publication-title: Water Policy doi: 10.1016/S1366-7017(02)00014-4 – ident: ref_74 – ident: ref_26 – volume: 87 start-page: 307 year: 2007 ident: ref_71 article-title: Effects of conservation tillage practices on winter wheat water-use efficiency and crop yield on the Loess Plateau, China publication-title: Agric. Water Manag. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2006.08.005 – volume: 118 start-page: 2528 year: 2013 ident: ref_7 article-title: Reforesting severely degraded grassland in the Lesser Himalaya of Nepal: Effects on soil hydraulic conductivity and overland flow production publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. doi: 10.1002/2013JF002888 – ident: ref_16 – ident: ref_27 doi: 10.1007/978-90-481-2666-8 – volume: 31 start-page: 16 year: 2015 ident: ref_51 article-title: Costs and benefits of erosion control measures in the UK publication-title: Soil Use Manag. doi: 10.1111/sum.12057 – ident: ref_39 – volume: 74 start-page: 458 year: 2015 ident: ref_65 article-title: Soil bioengineering application for flood hazard minimization in the foothills of Siwaliks, Nepal publication-title: Ecol. Eng. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.11.020 – volume: 20 start-page: 343 year: 2004 ident: ref_70 article-title: The effects of minimal tillage and contour cultivation on surface runoff, soil loss and crop yield in the long-term Woburn Erosion Reference Experiment on sandy soil at Woburn, England publication-title: Soil Use Manag. – ident: ref_23 – volume: 26 start-page: 565 year: 2015 ident: ref_31 article-title: Spatial estimation of soil erosion risk by land-cover change in the Andes of southern Ecuador publication-title: Land Degrad. Dev. doi: 10.1002/ldr.2219 – volume: 154 start-page: 48 year: 2015 ident: ref_41 article-title: Soil erosion in humid regions: A review publication-title: J. Contemp. Water Res. Educ. doi: 10.1111/j.1936-704X.2015.03187.x – volume: 12 start-page: 519 year: 2001 ident: ref_1 article-title: Soil degradation by erosion publication-title: Land Degrad. Dev. doi: 10.1002/ldr.472 – ident: ref_77 – volume: 16 start-page: 87 year: 1993 ident: ref_9 article-title: Environmental Risk in Nepal: A General Assessment publication-title: Tribhuvan Univ. J. doi: 10.3126/tuj.v16i0.3795 – ident: ref_12 doi: 10.53055/ICIMOD.9 – volume: 26 start-page: 383 year: 2003 ident: ref_22 article-title: Environmental management and sustainable development at the crossroad publication-title: Mt. Res. Dev. – volume: 81 start-page: 97 year: 2010 ident: ref_46 article-title: The impact of vegetative cover type on runoff and soil erosion under different land uses publication-title: Catena doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2010.01.008 – volume: 49 start-page: 259 year: 1994 ident: ref_50 article-title: Effects of erosion on soil chemical properties in the north central region of the United States publication-title: J. Soil Water Conserv. – volume: 11 start-page: 65 year: 2011 ident: ref_21 article-title: Climate change in Nepal and its impact on Himalayan glaciers publication-title: Reg. Environ. Chang. doi: 10.1007/s10113-010-0174-9 – ident: ref_48 doi: 10.53055/ICIMOD.345 – volume: 19 start-page: 530 year: 2008 ident: ref_61 article-title: Sustainability of sloping land cultivation systems in the mid-hills of Nepal publication-title: Land Degrad. Dev. doi: 10.1002/ldr.858 – volume: 51 start-page: 233 year: 1999 ident: ref_52 article-title: Assessment of tillage erosion rates on steepland Oxisols in the humid tropics using granite rocks publication-title: Soil Tillage Res. doi: 10.1016/S0167-1987(99)00040-9 – volume: 122 start-page: 64 year: 2015 ident: ref_32 article-title: Land use and climate change effects on soil erosion in a semi-arid mountainous watershed (High Atlas, Morocco) publication-title: J. Arid. Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.06.002 – volume: 10 start-page: 133 year: 2009 ident: ref_3 article-title: Land degradation issues in Nepal and its management through agroforestry publication-title: J. Agric. Environ. doi: 10.3126/aej.v10i0.2138 – ident: ref_66 – ident: ref_10 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150494 – ident: ref_56 doi: 10.4324/9780203362136 – ident: ref_38 – ident: ref_45 – volume: 43 start-page: 972 year: 2009 ident: ref_55 article-title: History of bioengineering techniques for erosion control in rivers in Western Europe publication-title: Environ. Manag. doi: 10.1007/s00267-009-9275-y – volume: 50 start-page: 688 year: 2002 ident: ref_68 article-title: Cover crops and living mulches publication-title: Weed Sci. doi: 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0688:AIACCA]2.0.CO;2 – ident: ref_20 – ident: ref_59 – volume: 8 start-page: 243 year: 2005 ident: ref_62 article-title: Soil erosion control measures on degraded sloping lands: A case study in Midlands of Nepal publication-title: Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. doi: 10.1080/14634980500208184 – volume: 27 start-page: 27 year: 2017 ident: ref_5 article-title: Slope processes, mass movement and soil erosion: A review publication-title: Pedosphere doi: 10.1016/S1002-0160(17)60294-7 – ident: ref_76 – volume: 13 start-page: 479 year: 2002 ident: ref_40 article-title: Farmland degradation in the mountains of Nepal: A study of watersheds ‘with’and ‘without’external intervention publication-title: Land Degrad. Dev. doi: 10.1002/ldr.536 – volume: 88 start-page: 16 year: 2006 ident: ref_44 article-title: Applications of reduced tillage in hills of central Nepal publication-title: Soil Tillage Res. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2005.04.003 – volume: 24 start-page: 767 year: 2013 ident: ref_67 article-title: Effectiveness of sloping agricultural land technology on soil fertility status of mid-hills in Nepal publication-title: J. For. Res. doi: 10.1007/s11676-013-0415-0 – volume: 17 start-page: 1 year: 2006 ident: ref_69 article-title: Soil erosion and runoff response to plant-cover strips on semiarid slopes (SE Spain) publication-title: Land Degrad. Dev. doi: 10.1002/ldr.674 – ident: ref_47 – volume: 14 start-page: 171 year: 1994 ident: ref_17 article-title: Soil erosion on Yak-grazing steps in the Langtang Himal, Nepal publication-title: Mt. Res. Dev. doi: 10.2307/3673799 – volume: 76 start-page: 305 year: 2017 ident: ref_33 article-title: Modeling the effect of land use and climate change scenarios on future soil loss rate in Kasilian watershed of northern Iran publication-title: Environ. Earth Sci. doi: 10.1007/s12665-017-6626-5 – volume: 140 start-page: 249 year: 2008 ident: ref_30 article-title: Assessing the effects of land use changes on soil sensitivity to erosion in a highland ecosystem of semi-arid Turkey publication-title: Environ. Monit. Assess. doi: 10.1007/s10661-007-9864-2 – volume: 51 start-page: 354 year: 2013 ident: ref_64 article-title: Soil bioengineering application and practices in Nepal publication-title: Environ. Manag. doi: 10.1007/s00267-012-0003-7 – volume: 622 start-page: 140 year: 2018 ident: ref_34 article-title: Land use and climate change impacts on runoff and soil erosion at the hillslope scale in the Brazilian Cerrado publication-title: Sci. Total Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.257 – ident: ref_37 – ident: ref_14 – volume: 27 start-page: 2191 year: 2007 ident: ref_73 article-title: Effects of plant hedgerows on soil erosion and soil fertility on sloping farmland in the purple soil area publication-title: Acta Ecol. Sin. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2032(07)60050-X – volume: 88 start-page: 547 year: 2008 ident: ref_43 article-title: Developing a sustainable agro-system for central Nepal using reduced tillage and straw mulching publication-title: J. Environ. Manag. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.03.017 – ident: ref_18 – volume: 23 start-page: 23 year: 2003 ident: ref_8 article-title: Runoff and soil erosion on cultivated rainfed terraces in the Middle Hills of Nepal publication-title: Appl. Geogr. doi: 10.1016/S0143-6228(02)00069-3 – volume: 11 start-page: 575 year: 2000 ident: ref_49 article-title: Erosional impacts on soil properties and corn yield on Alfisols in central Ohio publication-title: Land Degrad. Dev. doi: 10.1002/1099-145X(200011/12)11:6<575::AID-LDR410>3.0.CO;2-N – ident: ref_79 – ident: ref_42 doi: 10.53055/ICIMOD.374 – volume: 59 start-page: 197 year: 2008 ident: ref_63 article-title: Runoff and soil loss responses to rainfall, land use, terracing and management practices in the Middle Mountains of Nepal publication-title: Acta Agric. Scand. B Soil Plant. Sci. – volume: 48 start-page: 38 year: 2015 ident: ref_54 article-title: Estimating the soil erosion cover-management factor at the European scale publication-title: Land Use Policy doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.05.021 – ident: ref_6 – ident: ref_75 – ident: ref_25 – ident: ref_29 – volume: 3 start-page: 443 year: 2013 ident: ref_53 article-title: Soil erosion threatens food production publication-title: Agriculture doi: 10.3390/agriculture3030443 – volume: 7 start-page: 209 year: 1987 ident: ref_13 article-title: Landscape change and man-accelerated soil loss: The case of the Sagarmatha National Park publication-title: Mt. Res. Dev. doi: 10.2307/3673195 – volume: 26 start-page: 367 year: 2015 ident: ref_57 article-title: Soil erosion assessment in kondoa eroded area in Tanzania using universal soil loss equation, geographic information systems and socioeconomic approach publication-title: Land Degrad. Dev. doi: 10.1002/ldr.2215 – volume: 18 start-page: 486 year: 2007 ident: ref_28 article-title: Nutrient losses from rain-fed bench terraced cultivation systems in high rainfall areas of the mid-hills of Nepal publication-title: Land Degrad. Dev. doi: 10.1002/ldr.792 – ident: ref_15 – ident: ref_36 – volume: 77 start-page: 685 year: 2018 ident: ref_11 article-title: Spatial assessment of soil erosion in a hilly watershed of Western Nepal publication-title: Environ. Earth Sci. doi: 10.1007/s12665-018-7842-3 – ident: ref_19 – volume: 11 start-page: 1549 year: 2014 ident: ref_35 article-title: Effects of land use changes on soil erosion in a fast developing area publication-title: Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1007/s13762-013-0341-x – volume: 32 start-page: 1127 year: 2007 ident: ref_72 article-title: Effect of minimum tillage and mulching on maize (Zea mays L.) yield and water content of clayey and sandy soils publication-title: Phys. Chem. Earth Parts A/B/C doi: 10.1016/j.pce.2007.07.030 – volume: 8 start-page: 119 year: 2006 ident: ref_4 article-title: Soil erosion: A food and environmental threat publication-title: Environ. Dev. Sustain. doi: 10.1007/s10668-005-1262-8 – volume: 78 start-page: 97 year: 2006 ident: ref_60 article-title: Effects of cattle manure on erosion rates and runoff water pollution by faecal coliforms publication-title: J. Environ. Manag. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.04.010 |
| SSID | ssj0002140746 |
| Score | 2.4826124 |
| SecondaryResourceType | review_article |
| Snippet | Land degradation, particularly soil erosion, is currently a major challenge for Nepal. With a high rate of population growth, subsistence-based rural economy,... |
| SourceID | doaj proquest crossref |
| SourceType | Open Website Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database |
| StartPage | 12 |
| SubjectTerms | agricultural conservation practice bioengineering conservation tillage contour farming conventional tillage cover crops farm income floods issues and policy land degradation land-use landslides monsoon season mulching Nepal nutrient loss pollution population growth rain rural economics soil erosion soil structure strip cropping water resources |
| Title | Land Degradation by Soil Erosion in Nepal: A Review |
| URI | https://www.proquest.com/docview/2431850363 https://doaj.org/article/9008870b92ef4fb09e8f5417e600e55b |
| Volume | 3 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LSwMxEA7Skx7EJ9YXEbxJaTeZ7DbeqrYU0V6s0NvSbGalULbSx8F_70yzLZWCXmRPu2RJmEnmm0km3whxq13cdAn4WsJHuwBAdhAMciYARlGcQeT4gvNrL-6-w_PADDZKfXFOWKAHDoKr2wavg4azCnPIXcNiMzcQJUhIjcY4tr6EeRvBFNtgRXFDAnG4JaMprq_PJqNxIEee0ZxmlP-BREvC_i17vASZzoHYL71D2QqjOhQ7WByJvdbHtGTIwGOhXyj2l0_M8RDKIUn3Jd-oW9mmbvh9VMgegcz4XrZk2Po_Ef1Ou__YrZWVD2oZjXVeA6RHRd56DzrJAIcQa1R5UxGmOUJUozBrJC7x4A0ZKKQ4zauhthAPNfkQp6JSTAo8EzJXFqM8Y0cnp-XqrbEGPeeOatTkWlRFtBJCmpWs4FycYpxSdMCCS7cFVxV3638-AyfGr60fWLbrlsxnvfxAWk5LLad_abkqblaaSWn-86HGsMDJYpYq4PvffBx9_h8dXYhdcolsyDK7FJX5dIFX5HbM3fVyhn0DRVXUdQ |
| linkProvider | Directory of Open Access Journals |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Land+Degradation+by+Soil+Erosion+in+Nepal%3A+A+Review&rft.jtitle=Soil+systems&rft.au=Chalise%2C+Devraj&rft.au=Kumar%2C+Lalit&rft.au=Kristiansen%2C+Paul&rft.date=2019-03-01&rft.issn=2571-8789&rft.eissn=2571-8789&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=12&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fsoilsystems3010012&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_3390_soilsystems3010012 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2571-8789&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2571-8789&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2571-8789&client=summon |