The extrapolated reference values procedure: Theory, algorithm, and results in patients and control subjects
ABSTRACT Introduction: Reference values (RVs) are required to separate normal from abnormal values obtained in electrodiagnostic (EDx) testing. However, it is frequently impractical to perform studies on control subjects to obtain RVs. The Extrapolated Reference Values (E‐Ref) procedure extracts RVs...
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| Published in | Muscle & nerve Vol. 57; no. 1; pp. 90 - 95 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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01.01.2018
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| Abstract | ABSTRACT
Introduction: Reference values (RVs) are required to separate normal from abnormal values obtained in electrodiagnostic (EDx) testing. However, it is frequently impractical to perform studies on control subjects to obtain RVs. The Extrapolated Reference Values (E‐Ref) procedure extracts RVs from data obtained during clinically indicated EDx testing. We compared the E‐Ref results with established RVs in several sets of EDx data. Methods: The mathematical basis for E‐Ref was explored to develop an algorithm for the E‐Ref procedure. To test the validity of this algorithm, it was applied to simulated and real jitter measurements from control subjects and patients with myasthenia gravis, and to nerve conduction studies from patients with various conditions referred for EDx studies. Results: There was good concordance between E‐Ref and RVs for all evaluated data sets. Discussion: E‐Ref is a promising method to develop RVs. Muscle Nerve 57: 90–95, 2018 |
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| AbstractList | Reference values (RVs) are required to separate normal from abnormal values obtained in electrodiagnostic (EDx) testing. However, it is frequently impractical to perform studies on control subjects to obtain RVs. The Extrapolated Reference Values (E-Ref) procedure extracts RVs from data obtained during clinically indicated EDx testing. We compared the E-Ref results with established RVs in several sets of EDx data.INTRODUCTIONReference values (RVs) are required to separate normal from abnormal values obtained in electrodiagnostic (EDx) testing. However, it is frequently impractical to perform studies on control subjects to obtain RVs. The Extrapolated Reference Values (E-Ref) procedure extracts RVs from data obtained during clinically indicated EDx testing. We compared the E-Ref results with established RVs in several sets of EDx data.The mathematical basis for E-Ref was explored to develop an algorithm for the E-Ref procedure. To test the validity of this algorithm, it was applied to simulated and real jitter measurements from control subjects and patients with myasthenia gravis, and to nerve conduction studies from patients with various conditions referred for EDx studies.METHODSThe mathematical basis for E-Ref was explored to develop an algorithm for the E-Ref procedure. To test the validity of this algorithm, it was applied to simulated and real jitter measurements from control subjects and patients with myasthenia gravis, and to nerve conduction studies from patients with various conditions referred for EDx studies.There was good concordance between E-Ref and RVs for all evaluated data sets.RESULTSThere was good concordance between E-Ref and RVs for all evaluated data sets.E-Ref is a promising method to develop RVs. Muscle Nerve 57: 90-95, 2018.DISCUSSIONE-Ref is a promising method to develop RVs. Muscle Nerve 57: 90-95, 2018. Introduction : Reference values (RVs) are required to separate normal from abnormal values obtained in electrodiagnostic (EDx) testing. However, it is frequently impractical to perform studies on control subjects to obtain RVs. The Extrapolated Reference Values (E‐Ref) procedure extracts RVs from data obtained during clinically indicated EDx testing. We compared the E‐Ref results with established RVs in several sets of EDx data. Methods : The mathematical basis for E‐Ref was explored to develop an algorithm for the E‐Ref procedure. To test the validity of this algorithm, it was applied to simulated and real jitter measurements from control subjects and patients with myasthenia gravis, and to nerve conduction studies from patients with various conditions referred for EDx studies. Results : There was good concordance between E‐Ref and RVs for all evaluated data sets. Discussion : E‐Ref is a promising method to develop RVs. Muscle Nerve 57 : 90–95, 2018 Introduction: Reference values (RVs) are required to separate normal from abnormal values obtained in electrodiagnostic (EDx) testing. However, it is frequently impractical to perform studies on control subjects to obtain RVs. The Extrapolated Reference Values (E‐Ref) procedure extracts RVs from data obtained during clinically indicated EDx testing. We compared the E‐Ref results with established RVs in several sets of EDx data. Methods: The mathematical basis for E‐Ref was explored to develop an algorithm for the E‐Ref procedure. To test the validity of this algorithm, it was applied to simulated and real jitter measurements from control subjects and patients with myasthenia gravis, and to nerve conduction studies from patients with various conditions referred for EDx studies. Results: There was good concordance between E‐Ref and RVs for all evaluated data sets. Discussion: E‐Ref is a promising method to develop RVs. Muscle Nerve 57: 90–95, 2018 Introduction : Reference values (RVs) are required to separate normal from abnormal values obtained in electrodiagnostic (EDx) testing. However, it is frequently impractical to perform studies on control subjects to obtain RVs. The Extrapolated Reference Values (E-Ref) procedure extracts RVs from data obtained during clinically indicated EDx testing. We compared the E-Ref results with established RVs in several sets of EDx data. Methods : The mathematical basis for E-Ref was explored to develop an algorithm for the E-Ref procedure. To test the validity of this algorithm, it was applied to simulated and real jitter measurements from control subjects and patients with myasthenia gravis, and to nerve conduction studies from patients with various conditions referred for EDx studies. Results : There was good concordance between E-Ref and RVs for all evaluated data sets. Discussion : E-Ref is a promising method to develop RVs. Reference values (RVs) are required to separate normal from abnormal values obtained in electrodiagnostic (EDx) testing. However, it is frequently impractical to perform studies on control subjects to obtain RVs. The Extrapolated Reference Values (E-Ref) procedure extracts RVs from data obtained during clinically indicated EDx testing. We compared the E-Ref results with established RVs in several sets of EDx data. The mathematical basis for E-Ref was explored to develop an algorithm for the E-Ref procedure. To test the validity of this algorithm, it was applied to simulated and real jitter measurements from control subjects and patients with myasthenia gravis, and to nerve conduction studies from patients with various conditions referred for EDx studies. There was good concordance between E-Ref and RVs for all evaluated data sets. E-Ref is a promising method to develop RVs. Muscle Nerve 57: 90-95, 2018. ABSTRACT Introduction: Reference values (RVs) are required to separate normal from abnormal values obtained in electrodiagnostic (EDx) testing. However, it is frequently impractical to perform studies on control subjects to obtain RVs. The Extrapolated Reference Values (E‐Ref) procedure extracts RVs from data obtained during clinically indicated EDx testing. We compared the E‐Ref results with established RVs in several sets of EDx data. Methods: The mathematical basis for E‐Ref was explored to develop an algorithm for the E‐Ref procedure. To test the validity of this algorithm, it was applied to simulated and real jitter measurements from control subjects and patients with myasthenia gravis, and to nerve conduction studies from patients with various conditions referred for EDx studies. Results: There was good concordance between E‐Ref and RVs for all evaluated data sets. Discussion: E‐Ref is a promising method to develop RVs. Muscle Nerve 57: 90–95, 2018 |
| Author | Stålberg, Erik V. Nandedkar, Sanjeev D. Billakota, Santoshi Sanders, Donald B. Barkhaus, Paul E. Hobson‐Webb, Lisa D. |
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| Keywords | normal values reference values jitter CMAP amplitude distal latency extrapolated normal |
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| References | 2009; 40 1995; 12 1992; 15 1994; 17 1997; 78 2015; 32 e_1_2_8_3_1 e_1_2_8_5_1 e_1_2_8_4_1 e_1_2_8_7_1 e_1_2_8_6_1 Buschbacher RM (e_1_2_8_2_1) 1997; 78 30043995 - Muscle Nerve. 2018 Oct;58(4):E29-E30 30043996 - Muscle Nerve. 2018 Oct;58(4):E31-E32 |
| References_xml | – volume: 17 start-page: 1317 year: 1994 end-page: 1323 article-title: Recording characteristics of the surface EMG electrodes publication-title: Muscle Nerve – volume: 78 start-page: S1 issue: suppl year: 1997 end-page: S8 article-title: Median motor nerve conduction to the abductor pollicis brevis publication-title: Am J Phys Med Rehabil – volume: 15 start-page: 151 year: 1992 end-page: 161 article-title: Single fiber EMG reference values: a collaborative effort publication-title: Muscle Nerve – volume: 32 start-page: 265 year: 2015 end-page: 270 article-title: E‐Norms: a method to extrapolate reference values from a laboratory population publication-title: J Clin Neurophysiol – volume: 12 start-page: 254 year: 1995 end-page: 279 article-title: Motor nerve conduction studies. Measurement principles and interpretation of findings publication-title: J Clin Neurophysiol – volume: 40 start-page: 331 year: 2009 end-page: 339 article-title: Jitter recordings with concentric needle electrodes publication-title: Muscle Nerve – ident: e_1_2_8_6_1 doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000161 – volume: 78 start-page: S1 year: 1997 ident: e_1_2_8_2_1 article-title: Median motor nerve conduction to the abductor pollicis brevis publication-title: Am J Phys Med Rehabil doi: 10.1097/00002060-199911001-00002 – ident: e_1_2_8_5_1 doi: 10.1097/00004691-199505010-00004 – ident: e_1_2_8_4_1 doi: 10.1002/mus.21424 – ident: e_1_2_8_7_1 doi: 10.1002/mus.880150205 – ident: e_1_2_8_3_1 doi: 10.1002/mus.880171111 – reference: 30043995 - Muscle Nerve. 2018 Oct;58(4):E29-E30 – reference: 30043996 - Muscle Nerve. 2018 Oct;58(4):E31-E32 |
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Introduction: Reference values (RVs) are required to separate normal from abnormal values obtained in electrodiagnostic (EDx) testing. However, it is... Introduction : Reference values (RVs) are required to separate normal from abnormal values obtained in electrodiagnostic (EDx) testing. However, it is... Reference values (RVs) are required to separate normal from abnormal values obtained in electrodiagnostic (EDx) testing. However, it is frequently impractical... Introduction: Reference values (RVs) are required to separate normal from abnormal values obtained in electrodiagnostic (EDx) testing. However, it is... Introduction : Reference values (RVs) are required to separate normal from abnormal values obtained in electrodiagnostic (EDx) testing. However, it is... |
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| SubjectTerms | Algorithms CMAP amplitude Computer simulation Data Interpretation, Statistical distal latency Electrodiagnosis - statistics & numerical data Electromyography - statistics & numerical data extrapolated normal Female Humans jitter Male Middle Aged Muscles Myasthenia Myasthenia gravis Myasthenia Gravis - physiopathology Nerve conduction Neural Conduction Neuromuscular junctions Normal Distribution normal values Patients Reference Values Reproducibility of Results Vibration |
| Title | The extrapolated reference values procedure: Theory, algorithm, and results in patients and control subjects |
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