Effects of crowding due to habitat loss on species assemblage patterns
Terrestrial animals are negatively affected by habitat loss, which is assessed on a landscape scale, whereas secondary effects of habitat loss, such as crowding, are usually disregarded. Such impacts are inherently hard to address and poorly understood, and there is a growing concern that they could...
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| Published in | Conservation biology Vol. 34; no. 2; pp. 405 - 415 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.04.2020
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Terrestrial animals are negatively affected by habitat loss, which is assessed on a landscape scale, whereas secondary effects of habitat loss, such as crowding, are usually disregarded. Such impacts are inherently hard to address and poorly understood, and there is a growing concern that they could have dire consequences. We sampled birds throughout a deforestation process to assess crowding stress in an adjacent habitat remnant in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Crowding is expected of highly mobile taxa, especially given the microhabitat heterogeneity of Neotropical forests, and we hypothesized that the arrival of new individuals or species in refuges shifts assemblage patterns. We used point counts to obtain bird abundances in a before‐after‐control‐impact design sampling of a deforestation event. Temporal changes in taxonomic and functional diversity were examined with metrics used to assess alpha and beta diversity, turnover of taxonomic and functional similarity, and taxonomic and functional composition. Over time increased abundance of some species altered the Simpson index and affected the abundance‐distribution of traits in the habitat remnant. Taxonomic composition and functional composition changed in the remnant, and thus bird assemblages changed over time. Taxonomic and functional metrics indicated that fugitives affected resident assemblages in refuges, and effects endured >2 years after the deforestation processes had ceased. Dissimilarity of taxonomic composition between pre‐ and postdeforestation assemblages increased, whereas functional composition reverted to preimpact conditions. We found that ecological disruptions resulted from crowding and escalated into disruptions of species’ assemblages and potentially compromising ecosystem functioning. It is important to consider crowding effects of highly mobile taxa during impact assessments, especially in large‐scale infrastructure projects that may affect larger areas than is assumed.
Efectos del Amontonamiento debido a la Pérdida del Hábitat sobre los Patrones de Ensamblaje de las Especies
Resumen
Los animales terrestres se ven afectados negativamente por la pérdida del hábitat, la cual es evaluada con una escala de paisaje, mientras que los efectos secundarios de la pérdida del hábitat, como el amontonamiento, suelen ser ignorados. Dichos impactos son inherentemente difíciles de tratar y su entendimiento es muy pobre, además de que existe una preocupación creciente por las posibles consecuencias graves que podrían tener. Muestreamos aves durante un proceso de deforestación para evaluar el estrés por amontonamiento en un hábitat remanente contiguo a la parte sur del Bosque Atlántico Brasileño. Se espera que el amontonamiento ocurra en taxones con mucha movilidad, especialmente en el caso de los heterogéneos bosques Neotropicales, por lo que nuestra hipótesis consistió en suponer que la llegada a los refugios de nuevos individuos o especies modifica los patrones de ensamblado. Usamos el conteo por puntos para obtener la abundancia de las aves en un diseño de muestreo de antes‐después‐control‐impacto de un evento de deforestación. Examinamos los cambios temporales en la diversidad taxonómica y funcional con medidas usadas para evaluar la diversidad alfa y beta, la rotación de la similitud taxonómica y funcional y la composición taxonómica y funcional. Con el tiempo, el incremento en la abundancia de algunas especies alteró el índice Simpson y afectó la abundancia y distribución de los caracteres en el hábitat remanente. La composición taxonómica y la composición funcional cambiaron en el hábitat remanente, por lo que los ensamblajes de aves cambiaron con el tiempo. Las medidas taxonómicas y funcionales indicaron que los individuos fugitivos afectaron a los ensamblajes de residentes en los refugios y sus efectos perduraron más de dos años después de que el proceso de deforestación había culminado. La disparidad de la composición taxonómica entre los ensamblajes antes y después de la deforestación incrementó, mientras que la composición funcional se revirtió a las condiciones previas al impacto. Encontramos que las perturbaciones ecológicas resultaron en el amontonamiento de especies y después escalaron hasta llegar a ser perturbaciones en el ensamblaje de las especies y potencial empobrecimiento del funcionamiento del ecosistema. Es importante considerar los efectos del amontonamiento de los taxones con mucha movilidad durante las evaluaciones de impacto ambiental, especialmente para proyectos con infraestructuras a gran escala que podrían afectar a un área mayor a la supuesta inicialmente.
摘要
景观尺度的评估表明生境丧失对陆地动物造成了负面影响, 但生境丧失的次级影响 (如拥挤) 却常常遭到忽视。这些影响本身难以研究, 也少有理解, 人们目前越来越担心它们会产生可怕后果。本研究对森林砍伐过程中的鸟类进行取样调查, 评估了巴西大西洋森林南部地区相邻生境碎片的拥挤压力。我们推测移动能力强的类群可能会发生拥挤, 特别是考虑到新热带森林的微生境异质性, 我们还猜测避难所中新到达的个体或物种会改变群聚格局。本研究用点计数法来获得了一次森林砍伐事件的前后控制影响设计抽样的鸟类丰度, 并利用评估α和β多样性、类群相似性和功能相似性更新、类群组成和功能组成的指标分析了类群多样性和功能多样性随时间的变化。结果表明, 随着时间推移, 某些物种的丰度增加改变了 Simpson 指数, 还影响了残余生境一些性状的丰度分布。此外, 类群组成和功能组成也会发生变化, 鸟类群聚随之改变。类群和功能的指标表明, 避难所中避难的鸟类影响了定居物种的群聚, 并且这种影响在森林砍伐过程停止两年后仍然存在。森林砍伐前后类群组成的差异越来越大, 而功能组成则会恢复到干扰前的状态。我们还发现, 拥挤导致的生态破坏会进一步使物种群聚受影响、生态系统功能发生退化。在评估高度移动的类群所受影响时考虑拥挤效应十分重要, 在影响可能超出预期地区的大型基础设施建设项目中尤其如此。【翻译: 胡怡思; 审校: 聂永刚】
Article impact statement: The effects of crowding from habitat loss can be an important secondary disturbance to highly mobile animal assemblages. |
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| AbstractList | Terrestrial animals are negatively affected by habitat loss, which is assessed on a landscape scale, whereas secondary effects of habitat loss, such as crowding, are usually disregarded. Such impacts are inherently hard to address and poorly understood, and there is a growing concern that they could have dire consequences. We sampled birds throughout a deforestation process to assess crowding stress in an adjacent habitat remnant in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Crowding is expected of highly mobile taxa, especially given the microhabitat heterogeneity of Neotropical forests, and we hypothesized that the arrival of new individuals or species in refuges shifts assemblage patterns. We used point counts to obtain bird abundances in a before‐after‐control‐impact design sampling of a deforestation event. Temporal changes in taxonomic and functional diversity were examined with metrics used to assess alpha and beta diversity, turnover of taxonomic and functional similarity, and taxonomic and functional composition. Over time increased abundance of some species altered the Simpson index and affected the abundance‐distribution of traits in the habitat remnant. Taxonomic composition and functional composition changed in the remnant, and thus bird assemblages changed over time. Taxonomic and functional metrics indicated that fugitives affected resident assemblages in refuges, and effects endured >2 years after the deforestation processes had ceased. Dissimilarity of taxonomic composition between pre‐ and postdeforestation assemblages increased, whereas functional composition reverted to preimpact conditions. We found that ecological disruptions resulted from crowding and escalated into disruptions of species’ assemblages and potentially compromising ecosystem functioning. It is important to consider crowding effects of highly mobile taxa during impact assessments, especially in large‐scale infrastructure projects that may affect larger areas than is assumed. Terrestrial animals are negatively affected by habitat loss, which is assessed on a landscape scale, whereas secondary effects of habitat loss, such as crowding, are usually disregarded. Such impacts are inherently hard to address and poorly understood, and there is a growing concern that they could have dire consequences. We sampled birds throughout a deforestation process to assess crowding stress in an adjacent habitat remnant in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Crowding is expected of highly mobile taxa, especially given the microhabitat heterogeneity of Neotropical forests, and we hypothesized that the arrival of new individuals or species in refuges shifts assemblage patterns. We used point counts to obtain bird abundances in a before-after-control-impact design sampling of a deforestation event. Temporal changes in taxonomic and functional diversity were examined with metrics used to assess alpha and beta diversity, turnover of taxonomic and functional similarity, and taxonomic and functional composition. Over time increased abundance of some species altered the Simpson index and affected the abundance-distribution of traits in the habitat remnant. Taxonomic composition and functional composition changed in the remnant, and thus bird assemblages changed over time. Taxonomic and functional metrics indicated that fugitives affected resident assemblages in refuges, and effects endured >2 years after the deforestation processes had ceased. Dissimilarity of taxonomic composition between pre- and postdeforestation assemblages increased, whereas functional composition reverted to preimpact conditions. We found that ecological disruptions resulted from crowding and escalated into disruptions of species' assemblages and potentially compromising ecosystem functioning. It is important to consider crowding effects of highly mobile taxa during impact assessments, especially in large-scale infrastructure projects that may affect larger areas than is assumed.Terrestrial animals are negatively affected by habitat loss, which is assessed on a landscape scale, whereas secondary effects of habitat loss, such as crowding, are usually disregarded. Such impacts are inherently hard to address and poorly understood, and there is a growing concern that they could have dire consequences. We sampled birds throughout a deforestation process to assess crowding stress in an adjacent habitat remnant in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Crowding is expected of highly mobile taxa, especially given the microhabitat heterogeneity of Neotropical forests, and we hypothesized that the arrival of new individuals or species in refuges shifts assemblage patterns. We used point counts to obtain bird abundances in a before-after-control-impact design sampling of a deforestation event. Temporal changes in taxonomic and functional diversity were examined with metrics used to assess alpha and beta diversity, turnover of taxonomic and functional similarity, and taxonomic and functional composition. Over time increased abundance of some species altered the Simpson index and affected the abundance-distribution of traits in the habitat remnant. Taxonomic composition and functional composition changed in the remnant, and thus bird assemblages changed over time. Taxonomic and functional metrics indicated that fugitives affected resident assemblages in refuges, and effects endured >2 years after the deforestation processes had ceased. Dissimilarity of taxonomic composition between pre- and postdeforestation assemblages increased, whereas functional composition reverted to preimpact conditions. We found that ecological disruptions resulted from crowding and escalated into disruptions of species' assemblages and potentially compromising ecosystem functioning. It is important to consider crowding effects of highly mobile taxa during impact assessments, especially in large-scale infrastructure projects that may affect larger areas than is assumed. Terrestrial animals are negatively affected by habitat loss, which is assessed on a landscape scale, whereas secondary effects of habitat loss, such as crowding, are usually disregarded. Such impacts are inherently hard to address and poorly understood, and there is a growing concern that they could have dire consequences. We sampled birds throughout a deforestation process to assess crowding stress in an adjacent habitat remnant in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Crowding is expected of highly mobile taxa, especially given the microhabitat heterogeneity of Neotropical forests, and we hypothesized that the arrival of new individuals or species in refuges shifts assemblage patterns. We used point counts to obtain bird abundances in a before‐after‐control‐impact design sampling of a deforestation event. Temporal changes in taxonomic and functional diversity were examined with metrics used to assess alpha and beta diversity, turnover of taxonomic and functional similarity, and taxonomic and functional composition. Over time increased abundance of some species altered the Simpson index and affected the abundance‐distribution of traits in the habitat remnant. Taxonomic composition and functional composition changed in the remnant, and thus bird assemblages changed over time. Taxonomic and functional metrics indicated that fugitives affected resident assemblages in refuges, and effects endured >2 years after the deforestation processes had ceased. Dissimilarity of taxonomic composition between pre‐ and postdeforestation assemblages increased, whereas functional composition reverted to preimpact conditions. We found that ecological disruptions resulted from crowding and escalated into disruptions of species’ assemblages and potentially compromising ecosystem functioning. It is important to consider crowding effects of highly mobile taxa during impact assessments, especially in large‐scale infrastructure projects that may affect larger areas than is assumed. 景观尺度的评估表明生境丧失对陆地动物造成了负面影响, 但生境丧失的次级影响 (如拥挤) 却常常遭到忽视。这些影响本身难以研究, 也少有理解, 人们目前越来越担心它们会产生可怕后果。本研究对森林砍伐过程中的鸟类进行取样调查, 评估了巴西大西洋森林南部地区相邻生境碎片的拥挤压力。我们推测移动能力强的类群可能会发生拥挤, 特别是考虑到新热带森林的微生境异质性, 我们还猜测避难所中新到达的个体或物种会改变群聚格局。本研究用点计数法来获得了一次森林砍伐事件的前后控制影响设计抽样的鸟类丰度, 并利用评估α和β多样性、类群相似性和功能相似性更新、类群组成和功能组成的指标分析了类群多样性和功能多样性随时间的变化。结果表明, 随着时间推移, 某些物种的丰度增加改变了 Simpson 指数, 还影响了残余生境一些性状的丰度分布。此外, 类群组成和功能组成也会发生变化, 鸟类群聚随之改变。类群和功能的指标表明, 避难所中避难的鸟类影响了定居物种的群聚, 并且这种影响在森林砍伐过程停止两年后仍然存在。森林砍伐前后类群组成的差异越来越大, 而功能组成则会恢复到干扰前的状态。我们还发现, 拥挤导致的生态破坏会进一步使物种群聚受影响、生态系统功能发生退化。在评估高度移动的类群所受影响时考虑拥挤效应十分重要, 在影响可能超出预期地区的大型基础设施建设项目中尤其如此。 【翻译: 胡怡思; 审校: 聂永刚】 Article impact statement : The effects of crowding from habitat loss can be an important secondary disturbance to highly mobile animal assemblages. Terrestrial animals are negatively affected by habitat loss, which is assessed on a landscape scale, whereas secondary effects of habitat loss, such as crowding, are usually disregarded. Such impacts are inherently hard to address and poorly understood, and there is a growing concern that they could have dire consequences. We sampled birds throughout a deforestation process to assess crowding stress in an adjacent habitat remnant in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Crowding is expected of highly mobile taxa, especially given the microhabitat heterogeneity of Neotropical forests, and we hypothesized that the arrival of new individuals or species in refuges shifts assemblage patterns. We used point counts to obtain bird abundances in a before‐after‐control‐impact design sampling of a deforestation event. Temporal changes in taxonomic and functional diversity were examined with metrics used to assess alpha and beta diversity, turnover of taxonomic and functional similarity, and taxonomic and functional composition. Over time increased abundance of some species altered the Simpson index and affected the abundance‐distribution of traits in the habitat remnant. Taxonomic composition and functional composition changed in the remnant, and thus bird assemblages changed over time. Taxonomic and functional metrics indicated that fugitives affected resident assemblages in refuges, and effects endured >2 years after the deforestation processes had ceased. Dissimilarity of taxonomic composition between pre‐ and postdeforestation assemblages increased, whereas functional composition reverted to preimpact conditions. We found that ecological disruptions resulted from crowding and escalated into disruptions of species’ assemblages and potentially compromising ecosystem functioning. It is important to consider crowding effects of highly mobile taxa during impact assessments, especially in large‐scale infrastructure projects that may affect larger areas than is assumed. Efectos del Amontonamiento debido a la Pérdida del Hábitat sobre los Patrones de Ensamblaje de las Especies Resumen Los animales terrestres se ven afectados negativamente por la pérdida del hábitat, la cual es evaluada con una escala de paisaje, mientras que los efectos secundarios de la pérdida del hábitat, como el amontonamiento, suelen ser ignorados. Dichos impactos son inherentemente difíciles de tratar y su entendimiento es muy pobre, además de que existe una preocupación creciente por las posibles consecuencias graves que podrían tener. Muestreamos aves durante un proceso de deforestación para evaluar el estrés por amontonamiento en un hábitat remanente contiguo a la parte sur del Bosque Atlántico Brasileño. Se espera que el amontonamiento ocurra en taxones con mucha movilidad, especialmente en el caso de los heterogéneos bosques Neotropicales, por lo que nuestra hipótesis consistió en suponer que la llegada a los refugios de nuevos individuos o especies modifica los patrones de ensamblado. Usamos el conteo por puntos para obtener la abundancia de las aves en un diseño de muestreo de antes‐después‐control‐impacto de un evento de deforestación. Examinamos los cambios temporales en la diversidad taxonómica y funcional con medidas usadas para evaluar la diversidad alfa y beta, la rotación de la similitud taxonómica y funcional y la composición taxonómica y funcional. Con el tiempo, el incremento en la abundancia de algunas especies alteró el índice Simpson y afectó la abundancia y distribución de los caracteres en el hábitat remanente. La composición taxonómica y la composición funcional cambiaron en el hábitat remanente, por lo que los ensamblajes de aves cambiaron con el tiempo. Las medidas taxonómicas y funcionales indicaron que los individuos fugitivos afectaron a los ensamblajes de residentes en los refugios y sus efectos perduraron más de dos años después de que el proceso de deforestación había culminado. La disparidad de la composición taxonómica entre los ensamblajes antes y después de la deforestación incrementó, mientras que la composición funcional se revirtió a las condiciones previas al impacto. Encontramos que las perturbaciones ecológicas resultaron en el amontonamiento de especies y después escalaron hasta llegar a ser perturbaciones en el ensamblaje de las especies y potencial empobrecimiento del funcionamiento del ecosistema. Es importante considerar los efectos del amontonamiento de los taxones con mucha movilidad durante las evaluaciones de impacto ambiental, especialmente para proyectos con infraestructuras a gran escala que podrían afectar a un área mayor a la supuesta inicialmente. 摘要 景观尺度的评估表明生境丧失对陆地动物造成了负面影响, 但生境丧失的次级影响 (如拥挤) 却常常遭到忽视。这些影响本身难以研究, 也少有理解, 人们目前越来越担心它们会产生可怕后果。本研究对森林砍伐过程中的鸟类进行取样调查, 评估了巴西大西洋森林南部地区相邻生境碎片的拥挤压力。我们推测移动能力强的类群可能会发生拥挤, 特别是考虑到新热带森林的微生境异质性, 我们还猜测避难所中新到达的个体或物种会改变群聚格局。本研究用点计数法来获得了一次森林砍伐事件的前后控制影响设计抽样的鸟类丰度, 并利用评估α和β多样性、类群相似性和功能相似性更新、类群组成和功能组成的指标分析了类群多样性和功能多样性随时间的变化。结果表明, 随着时间推移, 某些物种的丰度增加改变了 Simpson 指数, 还影响了残余生境一些性状的丰度分布。此外, 类群组成和功能组成也会发生变化, 鸟类群聚随之改变。类群和功能的指标表明, 避难所中避难的鸟类影响了定居物种的群聚, 并且这种影响在森林砍伐过程停止两年后仍然存在。森林砍伐前后类群组成的差异越来越大, 而功能组成则会恢复到干扰前的状态。我们还发现, 拥挤导致的生态破坏会进一步使物种群聚受影响、生态系统功能发生退化。在评估高度移动的类群所受影响时考虑拥挤效应十分重要, 在影响可能超出预期地区的大型基础设施建设项目中尤其如此。【翻译: 胡怡思; 审校: 聂永刚】 Article impact statement: The effects of crowding from habitat loss can be an important secondary disturbance to highly mobile animal assemblages. |
| Author | Padial, André Andrian Monteiro‐Filho, Emygdio Leite de Araujo Vallejos, Marcelo Alejandro Villegas Vitule, Jean Ricardo Simões |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Marcelo Alejandro Villegas orcidid: 0000-0002-0275-1719 surname: Vallejos fullname: Vallejos, Marcelo Alejandro Villegas email: mvillegas.bio@gmail.com organization: Hori Consultoria Ambiental – sequence: 2 givenname: André Andrian surname: Padial fullname: Padial, André Andrian organization: Universidade Federal do Paraná – sequence: 3 givenname: Jean Ricardo Simões surname: Vitule fullname: Vitule, Jean Ricardo Simões organization: Universidade Federal do Paraná – sequence: 4 givenname: Emygdio Leite de Araujo surname: Monteiro‐Filho fullname: Monteiro‐Filho, Emygdio Leite de Araujo organization: Instituto de Pesquisas Cananéia |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31773785$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1111_gcb_16308 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pecon_2020_12_004 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10980_024_02032_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_agee_2023_108752 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_agee_2024_109124 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pecon_2022_10_001 crossref_primary_10_1002_eap_2744 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10531_025_03022_z crossref_primary_10_1111_1365_2656_13659 crossref_primary_10_1111_ecog_06461 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10980_022_01532_7 crossref_primary_10_3390_birds5040042 |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2019 Society for Conservation Biology 2019 Society for Conservation Biology. 2020, Society for Conservation Biology |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2019 Society for Conservation Biology – notice: 2019 Society for Conservation Biology. – notice: 2020, Society for Conservation Biology |
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| Keywords | perturbación antropogénica 大西洋森林 密度增加 ensamblajes aviares 森林砍伐 Bosque Atlántico 新热带界 deforestation incremento en la densidad 鸟类群聚 Neotropical realm anthropogenic disturbance deforestación avian assemblages 人类干扰 reino Neotropical Atlantic Forest density increase |
| Language | English |
| License | 2019 Society for Conservation Biology. |
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| Notes | Current address: Meio Ambiente, Serviços Tecnológicos e Inovação, Diretoria de Operações Tecnológicas, Lactec, Rodovia BR‐116, km 98, 8813, CEP 81531‐980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil Article impact statement The effects of crowding from habitat loss can be an important secondary disturbance to highly mobile animal assemblages. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
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| PublicationDate | April 2020 2020-04-00 2020-Apr 20200401 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2020-04-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 04 year: 2020 text: April 2020 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: Washington |
| PublicationTitle | Conservation biology |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Conserv Biol |
| PublicationYear | 2020 |
| Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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| SubjectTerms | Abundance anthropogenic disturbance Atlantic Forest avian assemblages Birds Bosque Atlántico Composition Crowding deforestación Deforestation density increase Ecological distribution Ecological effects ecological footprint Ecological function ensamblajes aviares functional diversity habitat destruction Habitat loss Habitats Heterogeneity Impact assessment incremento en la densidad infrastructure landscapes Microenvironments Microhabitat Microhabitats Neotropical realm perturbación antropogénica Refuges reino Neotropical Species species diversity Stocking density Taxa Taxonomy temporal variation Temporal variations Tropical forests 人类干扰 大西洋森林 密度增加 新热带界 森林砍伐 鸟类群聚 |
| Title | Effects of crowding due to habitat loss on species assemblage patterns |
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