Covariate-adjusted response adaptive designs incorporating covariates with and without treatment interactions
The covariate-adjusted response adaptive (CARA) design has been shown to be better than traditional designs in terms of both ethics and efficiency. However, its mechanism for allocating subjects makes certain stochastic processes such as allocated response sequences very complicated. Consequently, t...
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Published in | Canadian journal of statistics Vol. 43; no. 4; pp. 534 - 553 |
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Main Author | |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Ottawa
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.12.2015
Statistical Society of Canada/Société statistique du Canada Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 0319-5724 1708-945X |
DOI | 10.1002/cjs.11260 |
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Abstract | The covariate-adjusted response adaptive (CARA) design has been shown to be better than traditional designs in terms of both ethics and efficiency. However, its mechanism for allocating subjects makes certain stochastic processes such as allocated response sequences very complicated. Consequently, the validation of statistical inference is usually challenging, and few theoretical results have been obtained. In this paper we systematically solve some fundamental problems for statistical inference with CARA designs. First, we obtain the conditional independence and distribution of allocated response sequences, which is the basis for further theoretical investigation. Second, we propose a new family of CARA designs, which is extensively applicable. We more importantly provide a framework for new CARA designs with unified asymptotic results for statistical inference. The numerical results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed CARA designs. Our findings are crucial in understanding the CARA design as well as its development and application. La supériorité des plans d'expérience adaptatifs dont la réponse est ajustée par des covariables (ARAC) a été démontrée tant au plan de l'éthique que de l'efficacité. Les mécanismes d'attribution des sujets rendent toutefois très complexes les processus stochastiques comme les séquences de réponses attribuées. Par conséquent, la validation de l'inférence statistique est un véritable défi et peu de résultats théoriques ont été obtenus. L'auteur aborde de façon systématique quelques problèmes liés aux plans ARAC et les résout. Il montre d'abord l'indépendance conditionnelle des séquences de réponses attribuées et détermine leur distribution, ce qui le mène à d'autres problèmes théoriques. Il propose alors une nouvelle famille de plans ARAC largement applicables et développe un cadre dans lequel il élabore une théorie asymptotique unifiée pour l'inférence statistique. L'auteur présente des résultats numériques démontrant l'avantage des plans ARAC proposés. Ces conclusions permettent une meilleure compréhension des plans ARAC et contribuent à leur développement et à leur utilisation. |
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AbstractList | The covariate-adjusted response adaptive (CARA) design has been shown to be better than traditional designs in terms of both ethics and efficiency. However, its mechanism for allocating subjects makes certain stochastic processes such as allocated response sequences very complicated. Consequently, the validation of statistical inference is usually challenging, and few theoretical results have been obtained. In this paper we systematically solve some fundamental problems for statistical inference with CARA designs. First, we obtain the conditional independence and distribution of allocated response sequences, which is the basis for further theoretical investigation. Second, we propose a new family of CARA designs, which is extensively applicable. We more importantly provide a framework for new CARA designs with unified asymptotic results for statistical inference. The numerical results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed CARA designs. Our findings are crucial in understanding the CARA design as well as its development and application. / La superiorite des plans d'experience adaptatifs dont la reponse est ajustee par des covariables (ARAC) a ete demontree tant au plan de l'ethique que de l'efficacite. Les mecanismes d'attribution des sujets rendent toutefois tres complexes les processus stochastiques comme les sequences de reponses attribuees. Par consequent, la validation de l'inference statistique est un veritable defi et peu de resultats theoriques ont ete obtenus. L'auteur aborde de facon systematique quelques problemes lies aux plans ARAC et les resout. Il montre d'abord l'independance conditionnelle des sequences de reponses attribuees et determine leur distribution, ce qui le mene a d'autres problemes theoriques. Il propose alors une nouvelle famille de plans ARAC largement applicables et developpe un cadre dans lequel il elabore une theorie asymptotique unifiee pour l'inference statistique. L'auteur presente des resultats numeriques demontrant l'avantage des plans ARAC proposes. Ces conclusions permettent une meilleure comprehension des plans ARAC et contribuent a leur developpement et a leur utilisation. [web URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cjs.11260/abstract] The covariate‐adjusted response adaptive (CARA) design has been shown to be better than traditional designs in terms of both ethics and efficiency. However, its mechanism for allocating subjects makes certain stochastic processes such as allocated response sequences very complicated. Consequently, the validation of statistical inference is usually challenging, and few theoretical results have been obtained. In this paper we systematically solve some fundamental problems for statistical inference with CARA designs. First, we obtain the conditional independence and distribution of allocated response sequences, which is the basis for further theoretical investigation. Second, we propose a new family of CARA designs, which is extensively applicable. We more importantly provide a framework for new CARA designs with unified asymptotic results for statistical inference. The numerical results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed CARA designs. Our findings are crucial in understanding the CARA design as well as its development and application. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 43: 534–553; 2015 © 2015 Statistical Society of Canada Résumé La supériorité des plans d'expérience adaptatifs dont la réponse est ajustée par des covariables (ARAC) a été démontrée tant au plan de l’éthique que de l'efficacité. Les mécanismes d'attribution des sujets rendent toutefois très complexes les processus stochastiques comme les séquences de réponses attribuées. Par conséquent, la validation de l'inférence statistique est un véritable défi et peu de résultats théoriques ont été obtenus. L'auteur aborde de façon systématique quelques problèmes liés aux plans ARAC et les résout. Il montre d'abord l'indépendance conditionnelle des séquences de réponses attribuées et détermine leur distribution, ce qui le mène à d'autres problèmes théoriques. Il propose alors une nouvelle famille de plans ARAC largement applicables et développe un cadre dans lequel il élabore une théorie asymptotique unifiée pour l'inférence statistique. L'auteur présente des résultats numériques démontrant l'avantage des plans ARAC proposés. Ces conclusions permettent une meilleure compréhension des plans ARAC et contribuent à leur développement et à leur utilisation. La revue canadienne de statistique 43: 534–553; 2015 © 2015 Société statistique du Canada The covariate-adjusted response adaptive (CARA) design has been shown to be better than traditional designs in terms of both ethics and efficiency. However, its mechanism for allocating subjects makes certain stochastic processes such as allocated response sequences very complicated. Consequently, the validation of statistical inference is usually challenging, and few theoretical results have been obtained. In this paper we systematically solve some fundamental problems for statistical inference with CARA designs. First, we obtain the conditional independence and distribution of allocated response sequences, which is the basis for further theoretical investigation. Second, we propose a new family of CARA designs, which is extensively applicable. We more importantly provide a framework for new CARA designs with unified asymptotic results for statistical inference. The numerical results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed CARA designs. Our findings are crucial in understanding the CARA design as well as its development and application. La supériorité des plans d'expérience adaptatifs dont la réponse est ajustée par des covariables (ARAC) a été démontrée tant au plan de l'éthique que de l'efficacité. Les mécanismes d'attribution des sujets rendent toutefois très complexes les processus stochastiques comme les séquences de réponses attribuées. Par conséquent, la validation de l'inférence statistique est un véritable défi et peu de résultats théoriques ont été obtenus. L'auteur aborde de façon systématique quelques problèmes liés aux plans ARAC et les résout. Il montre d'abord l'indépendance conditionnelle des séquences de réponses attribuées et détermine leur distribution, ce qui le mène à d'autres problèmes théoriques. Il propose alors une nouvelle famille de plans ARAC largement applicables et développe un cadre dans lequel il élabore une théorie asymptotique unifiée pour l'inférence statistique. L'auteur présente des résultats numériques démontrant l'avantage des plans ARAC proposés. Ces conclusions permettent une meilleure compréhension des plans ARAC et contribuent à leur développement et à leur utilisation. The covariate-adjusted response adaptive (CARA) design has been shown to be better than traditional designs in terms of both ethics and efficiency. However, its mechanism for allocating subjects makes certain stochastic processes such as allocated response sequences very complicated. Consequently, the validation of statistical inference is usually challenging, and few theoretical results have been obtained. In this paper we systematically solve some fundamental problems for statistical inference with CARA designs. First, we obtain the conditional independence and distribution of allocated response sequences, which is the basis for further theoretical investigation. Second, we propose a new family of CARA designs, which is extensively applicable. We more importantly provide a framework for new CARA designs with unified asymptotic results for statistical inference. The numerical results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed CARA designs. Our findings are crucial in understanding the CARA design as well as its development and application. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 43: 534-553; 2015Original Abstract: Resume La superiorite des plans d'experience adaptatifs dont la reponse est ajustee par des covariables (ARAC) a ete demontree tant au plan de l'ethique que de l'efficacite. Les mecanismes d'attribution des sujets rendent toutefois tres complexes les processus stochastiques comme les sequences de reponses attribuees. Par consequent, la validation de l'inference statistique est un veritable defi et peu de resultats theoriques ont ete obtenus. L'auteur aborde de facon systematique quelques problemes lies aux plans ARAC et les resout. Il montre d'abord l'independance conditionnelle des sequences de reponses attribuees et determine leur distribution, ce qui le mene a d'autres problemes theoriques. Il propose alors une nouvelle famille de plans ARAC largement applicables et developpe un cadre dans lequel il elabore une theorie asymptotique unifiee pour l'inference statistique. L'auteur presente des resultats numeriques demontrant l'avantage des plans ARAC proposes. Ces conclusions permettent une meilleure comprehension des plans ARAC et contribuent a leur developpement et a leur utilisation. La revue canadienne de statistique 43: 534-553; 2015 [copy 2015 Societe statistique du Canada |
Author | Zhu, Hongjian |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Hongjian surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Hongjian email: hongjian.zhu@uth.tmc.edu organization: Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A |
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Snippet | The covariate-adjusted response adaptive (CARA) design has been shown to be better than traditional designs in terms of both ethics and efficiency. However,... The covariate‐adjusted response adaptive (CARA) design has been shown to be better than traditional designs in terms of both ethics and efficiency. However,... |
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Title | Covariate-adjusted response adaptive designs incorporating covariates with and without treatment interactions |
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