Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization for Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking under Partial Shading Conditions
This paper presents an accelerated particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm to track global maximum power point (MPP) of photovoltaic (PV) generation under partial shading conditions. Conventional PSO-based MPPT algorithms have common weaknesses of a long...
Saved in:
| Published in | Energies (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 4; p. 623 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Basel
MDPI AG
15.02.2019
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | This paper presents an accelerated particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm to track global maximum power point (MPP) of photovoltaic (PV) generation under partial shading conditions. Conventional PSO-based MPPT algorithms have common weaknesses of a long convergence time to reach the global MPP and oscillations during the searching. The proposed algorithm includes a standard PSO and a perturb-and-observe algorithm as the accelerator. It has been experimentally tested and compared with conventional MPPT algorithms. Experimental results show that the proposed MPPT method is effective in terms of high reliability, fast dynamic response, and high accuracy in tracking the global MPP. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | This paper presents an accelerated particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm to track global maximum power point (MPP) of photovoltaic (PV) generation under partial shading conditions. Conventional PSO-based MPPT algorithms have common weaknesses of a long convergence time to reach the global MPP and oscillations during the searching. The proposed algorithm includes a standard PSO and a perturb-and-observe algorithm as the accelerator. It has been experimentally tested and compared with conventional MPPT algorithms. Experimental results show that the proposed MPPT method is effective in terms of high reliability, fast dynamic response, and high accuracy in tracking the global MPP. [...]the search time needed for convergence could be significantly reduced. Vin=Vo ×(1−d) Therefore, to apply PSO algorithm in PV applications, the particle position ( Xik ) in Equations (1) and (2) can be considered as the duty cycle ( dik ) of the PV converter, while the velocity ( θik ) can be considered as the change of the duty cycle ( Δdik ). [...]PSO method for MPPT can be expressed by Equations (4) and (5): Δdik+1= wΔdik+c1 r1[Pbest−dik]+c2 r2[Gbest−dik] dik+1=dik+Δdik+1 The change of the duty cycle Δdik is influenced by two variables: the best solution founded by the particle itself ( Pbest ), and the best solution in the entire population ( Gbest) . Since all duty cycles achieve higher PV output power, the velocity direction of these particles remains unchanged and moved to Gbest . According to the experiment results, the proposed APSO algorithm can clearly distinguish the GMPP from local MPPs in all test scenarios, including the change of shading patterns. |
| Author | Lin, Zhengyu Ma, Mingyao Alshareef, Muhannad Cao, Wenping |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Muhannad surname: Alshareef fullname: Alshareef, Muhannad – sequence: 2 givenname: Zhengyu orcidid: 0000-0001-7733-2431 surname: Lin fullname: Lin, Zhengyu – sequence: 3 givenname: Mingyao surname: Ma fullname: Ma, Mingyao – sequence: 4 givenname: Wenping orcidid: 0000-0002-8133-3020 surname: Cao fullname: Cao, Wenping |
| BookMark | eNp9kV1rFDEUhoNUsNbe-AsC3gmrJznJTHJZFj8KlS60XodMPtqsM5M1k23VX-9Mt6KImJuEN-95OO85z8nRmMdAyEsGbxA1vA0j4yCg4fiEHDOtmxWDFo_-eD8jp9O0hfkgMkQ8JndnzoU-FFuDpxtbanJ9oFf3tgz0clfTkH7YmvJIYy50c5trvst9tcnRT_ZbGvYD3eT7MH_lNFZ6Xaz7ksYbuh_9Ii4829OrW-sXdZ1Hnxba9II8jbafwunjfUI-v393vf64urj8cL4-u1g5VLqubAxtjCoyDw1rLTQauijQgwQvvPOAmnshW2iUhIiOd0yhDxKUDoyjxxNyfuD6bLdmV9Jgy3eTbTIPQi435jGz4SEoKSMw3UrhO9k1zHLJOxG84la4mfXqwNqV_HUfpmq2eV_GuX3DBSAwpSX-14WsaUCgWlxwcLmSp6mEaFyqD4OuxabeMDDLSs3vlc4lr_8q-RXnH-afa_uirA |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3390_app121910056 crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics8091060 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSTE_2021_3069262 crossref_primary_10_31593_ijeat_1283665 crossref_primary_10_3390_en14102902 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2024_3471829 crossref_primary_10_1051_e3sconf_202456409002 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2020_3028609 crossref_primary_10_1155_2024_5585826 crossref_primary_10_3390_en14248358 crossref_primary_10_3390_en15228671 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13369_023_08493_2 crossref_primary_10_3390_en14217210 crossref_primary_10_3390_en14227806 crossref_primary_10_3390_en15155650 crossref_primary_10_18618_REP_e202452 crossref_primary_10_3390_app11030992 crossref_primary_10_3390_en15197370 crossref_primary_10_3390_math11020269 crossref_primary_10_3390_pr11082493 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jksuci_2022_06_011 crossref_primary_10_3390_en16083358 crossref_primary_10_3390_en14196213 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_solener_2021_01_049 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40095_023_00559_z crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2937600 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4200178 crossref_primary_10_46810_tdfd_1423852 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enconman_2022_116099 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clet_2024_100800 crossref_primary_10_32604_iasc_2023_046722 crossref_primary_10_1051_e3sconf_202346900064 crossref_primary_10_1080_15567036_2024_2417089 crossref_primary_10_4018_IJAMC_292521 crossref_primary_10_1109_OJPEL_2023_3270663 crossref_primary_10_1002_cta_2978 crossref_primary_10_1080_15567036_2022_2046662 crossref_primary_10_4028_p_J0Mfd9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_egyr_2023_06_019 crossref_primary_10_1088_1402_4896_ad1e43 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aej_2024_05_115 crossref_primary_10_1080_15325008_2022_2129859 crossref_primary_10_1155_2023_9905979 crossref_primary_10_1080_00051144_2024_2388445 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_egyr_2022_03_175 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2022_3156124 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclepro_2020_121473 crossref_primary_10_1080_15567036_2022_2049400 crossref_primary_10_3390_en13123216 crossref_primary_10_3390_en14030751 crossref_primary_10_3390_pr11010236 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11831_022_09803_x crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_025_88330_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_egyr_2022_09_192 crossref_primary_10_3389_fenrg_2022_901035 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.epsr.2007.05.026 10.1109/TIE.2014.2304921 10.1109/TEC.2012.2219533 10.1109/UPEC.2018.8542065 10.1063/1.4794749 10.1109/TSTE.2014.2315653 10.1109/TPEL.2012.2185713 10.1109/ICEMS.2009.5382713 10.1109/ICAEE.2014.6838493 10.1109/TIE.2008.924035 10.1109/TIE.2011.2161254 10.1016/j.solener.2016.10.013 10.1109/TEC.2011.2175928 10.1109/TIE.2009.2039450 10.1109/TII.2015.2489579 10.1016/j.solmat.2005.10.023 10.1049/iet-rpg.2016.0114 10.1109/TEC.2010.2068548 10.1109/TIE.2008.917118 10.1109/TEC.2011.2168400 10.1109/JESTPE.2016.2581858 10.1109/TEC.2012.2218816 10.1016/j.solener.2013.01.009 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2012.2202879 10.1109/ICPES.2016.7584089 10.1049/iet-rpg:20080065 10.1109/TEC.2011.2164799 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2013.2261118 10.1109/ECCE.2014.6953736 10.1109/TSTE.2014.2300162 10.1109/TPEL.2010.2089537 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2019. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2019. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2019. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: 2019. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR CCPQU DWQXO PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS DOA |
| DOI | 10.3390/en12040623 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) |
| DatabaseTitleList | Publicly Available Content Database Publicly Available Content Database CrossRef |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| EISSN | 1996-1073 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_2ee855f019754db5b61a252b4ed82a4c 10_3390_en12040623 |
| GeographicLocations | China India |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: China – name: India |
| GroupedDBID | 29G 2WC 5GY 5VS 7XC 8FE 8FG 8FH AADQD AAHBH AAYXX ABDBF ACUHS ADBBV ADMLS AENEX AFKRA AFZYC ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS BCNDV BENPR CCPQU CITATION CS3 DU5 EBS ESX FRP GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 I-F IAO KQ8 L6V L8X MODMG M~E OK1 OVT P2P PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PROAC TR2 TUS ABUWG AZQEC DWQXO PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PUEGO |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-afe7ff8f1d0617a0690bf43d050d4dcd0392d45706850f3c2b183de5089e123d3 |
| IEDL.DBID | BENPR |
| ISSN | 1996-1073 |
| IngestDate | Wed Aug 27 01:26:44 EDT 2025 Mon Jun 30 11:10:49 EDT 2025 Sat Aug 23 13:48:42 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 04:20:50 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:09:13 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 4 |
| Language | English |
| License | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c389t-afe7ff8f1d0617a0690bf43d050d4dcd0392d45706850f3c2b183de5089e123d3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8133-3020 0000-0001-7733-2431 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.proquest.com/docview/2403018953?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication% |
| PQID | 2316604383 |
| PQPubID | 2032402 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_2ee855f019754db5b61a252b4ed82a4c proquest_journals_2403018953 proquest_journals_2316604383 crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_en12040623 crossref_primary_10_3390_en12040623 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2019-02-15 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2019-02-15 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 02 year: 2019 text: 2019-02-15 day: 15 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | Basel |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Basel |
| PublicationTitle | Energies (Basel) |
| PublicationYear | 2019 |
| Publisher | MDPI AG |
| Publisher_xml | – name: MDPI AG |
| References | Liu (ref_31) 2017; 2017 Penella (ref_3) 2012; 59 Kouchaki (ref_20) 2013; 91 Ngan (ref_35) 2011; 5 ref_13 Ishaque (ref_34) 2013; 60 Farivar (ref_2) 2011; 26 ref_30 Patel (ref_18) 2008; 55 (ref_22) 2010; 57 Kollimalla (ref_11) 2014; 5 Kai (ref_17) 2014; 5 ref_16 ref_37 Spertino (ref_19) 2016; 139 Liu (ref_33) 2012; 27 Rajendran (ref_36) 2016; 10 Ahmed (ref_21) 2015; 11 Ahmed (ref_15) 2008; 78 ref_24 Chiu (ref_1) 2011; 26 Teshome (ref_27) 2017; 5 ref_29 Soon (ref_7) 2013; 5 ref_28 Sera (ref_9) 2013; 3 Femia (ref_25) 2008; 55 ref_26 Ishaque (ref_32) 2012; 27 Syafaruddin (ref_23) 2009; 3 Valkealahti (ref_4) 2012; 27 Thounthong (ref_5) 2011; 26 (ref_8) 2012; 27 Bidram (ref_6) 2012; 2 Salas (ref_10) 2006; 90 Mekhilef (ref_12) 2014; 61 Ji (ref_14) 2011; 26 |
| References_xml | – volume: 5 start-page: 1325 year: 2011 ident: ref_35 article-title: Multiple Peaks Tracking Algorithm using Particle Swarm Optimization Incorporated with Artificial Neural Network publication-title: Int. J. Electron. Commun. Eng. – volume: 78 start-page: 777 year: 2008 ident: ref_15 article-title: A novel maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic applications under partially shaded insolation conditions publication-title: Electr. Power Syst. Res. doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2007.05.026 – volume: 61 start-page: 5384 year: 2014 ident: ref_12 article-title: Modified incremental conductance algorithm for photovoltaic system under partial shading conditions and load variation publication-title: IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2014.2304921 – ident: ref_24 – volume: 27 start-page: 1027 year: 2012 ident: ref_33 article-title: A particle swarm optimization-based maximum power point tracking algorithm for PV systems operating under partially shaded conditions publication-title: IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. doi: 10.1109/TEC.2012.2219533 – ident: ref_37 doi: 10.1109/UPEC.2018.8542065 – ident: ref_16 – volume: 5 start-page: 023106 year: 2013 ident: ref_7 article-title: Simple and low cost incremental conductance maximum power point tracking using buck-boost converter publication-title: J. Renew. Sustain. Energy doi: 10.1063/1.4794749 – volume: 5 start-page: 978 year: 2014 ident: ref_17 article-title: An improved MPPT controller for photovoltaic system under partial shading condition publication-title: IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2014.2315653 – volume: 27 start-page: 3627 year: 2012 ident: ref_32 article-title: An improved particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based MPPT for PV with reduced steady state oscillation publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2012.2185713 – ident: ref_28 doi: 10.1109/ICEMS.2009.5382713 – ident: ref_30 doi: 10.1109/ICAEE.2014.6838493 – volume: 55 start-page: 2610 year: 2008 ident: ref_25 article-title: Distributed maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic arrays: Novel approach and system analysis publication-title: IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2008.924035 – volume: 59 start-page: 1588 year: 2012 ident: ref_3 article-title: A Closed-Loop Maximum Power Point Tracker for Subwatt Photovoltaic Panels publication-title: IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2011.2161254 – volume: 139 start-page: 489 year: 2016 ident: ref_19 article-title: A method for obtaining the I-V curve of photovoltaic arrays from module voltages and its applications for MPP tracking publication-title: Sol. Energy doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2016.10.013 – volume: 27 start-page: 173 year: 2012 ident: ref_4 article-title: Power Losses in Long String and Parallel-Connected Short Strings of Series-Connected Silicon-Based Photovoltaic Modules Due to Partial Shading Conditions publication-title: IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. doi: 10.1109/TEC.2011.2175928 – volume: 57 start-page: 3456 year: 2010 ident: ref_22 article-title: A global maximum power point tracking scheme employing direct search algorithm for photovoltaic systems publication-title: IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2009.2039450 – volume: 11 start-page: 1378 year: 2015 ident: ref_21 article-title: An improved method to predict the position of maximum power point during partial shading for PV arrays publication-title: IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform. doi: 10.1109/TII.2015.2489579 – volume: 90 start-page: 1555 year: 2006 ident: ref_10 article-title: Review of the maximum power point tracking algorithms for stand-alone photovoltaic systems publication-title: Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2005.10.023 – volume: 10 start-page: 1340 year: 2016 ident: ref_36 article-title: Simplified accelerated particle swarm optimization algorithm for efficient maximum power point tracking in partially shaded photovoltaic systems publication-title: IET Renew. Power Gener. doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2016.0114 – volume: 26 start-page: 281 year: 2011 ident: ref_1 article-title: A Modular Self-Controlled Photovoltaic Charger with Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) Interface publication-title: IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. doi: 10.1109/TEC.2010.2068548 – volume: 55 start-page: 1689 year: 2008 ident: ref_18 article-title: Maximum Power Point Tracking Scheme for PV Systems Operating Under Partially Shaded Conditions publication-title: IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2008.917118 – ident: ref_29 – volume: 26 start-page: 1210 year: 2011 ident: ref_5 article-title: Model Based-Energy Control of a Solar Power Plant with a Supercapacitor for Grid-Independent Applications publication-title: IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. doi: 10.1109/TEC.2011.2168400 – volume: 5 start-page: 661 year: 2017 ident: ref_27 article-title: A Modified Firefly Algorithm for Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Control under Partial Shading publication-title: IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Power Electron. doi: 10.1109/JESTPE.2016.2581858 – volume: 2017 start-page: 778 year: 2017 ident: ref_31 article-title: Global MPPT algorithm with coordinated control of PSO and INC for rooftop PV array publication-title: J. Eng. – volume: 27 start-page: 922 year: 2012 ident: ref_8 article-title: Evaluation of the Hill Climbing and the Incremental Conductance Maximum Power Point Trackers for Photovoltaic Power Systems publication-title: IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. doi: 10.1109/TEC.2012.2218816 – volume: 91 start-page: 221 year: 2013 ident: ref_20 article-title: A new maximum power point tracking strategy for PV arrays under uniform and non-uniform insolation conditions publication-title: Sol. Energy doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2013.01.009 – volume: 2 start-page: 532 year: 2012 ident: ref_6 article-title: Control and Circuit Techniques to Mitigate Partial Shading Effects in Photovoltaic Arrays publication-title: IEEE J. Photovolt. doi: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2012.2202879 – ident: ref_26 doi: 10.1109/ICPES.2016.7584089 – volume: 3 start-page: 239 year: 2009 ident: ref_23 article-title: Artificial neural network polar coordinated fuzzy controller based maximum power point tracking control under partially shaded conditions publication-title: IET Renew. Power Gener. doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg:20080065 – volume: 60 start-page: 3195 year: 2013 ident: ref_34 article-title: A deterministic particle swarm optimization maximum power point tracker for photovoltaic system under partial shading condition publication-title: IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. – volume: 26 start-page: 1118 year: 2011 ident: ref_2 article-title: A New Approach for Solar Module Temperature Estimation Using the Simple Diode Model publication-title: IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. doi: 10.1109/TEC.2011.2164799 – volume: 3 start-page: 1070 year: 2013 ident: ref_9 article-title: On the Perturb-and-Observe and Incremental Conductance MPPT Methods for PV Systems publication-title: IEEE J. Photovolt. doi: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2013.2261118 – ident: ref_13 doi: 10.1109/ECCE.2014.6953736 – volume: 5 start-page: 718 year: 2014 ident: ref_11 article-title: Variable perturbation size adaptive P&O MPPT algorithm for sudden changes in irradiance publication-title: IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2014.2300162 – volume: 26 start-page: 1001 year: 2011 ident: ref_14 article-title: A real maximum power point tracking method for mismatching compensation in PV array under partially shaded conditions publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2010.2089537 |
| SSID | ssj0000331333 |
| Score | 2.4710884 |
| Snippet | This paper presents an accelerated particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm to track global maximum power point... [...]the search time needed for convergence could be significantly reduced. Vin=Vo ×(1−d) Therefore, to apply PSO algorithm in PV applications, the particle... |
| SourceID | doaj proquest crossref |
| SourceType | Open Website Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database |
| StartPage | 623 |
| SubjectTerms | Algorithms Alternative energy sources Electrical engineering International conferences Methods MPPT Optimization Optimization algorithms Optimization techniques P& partial shading conditions PSO Velocity |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LS8NAEF6kJz2IT6xWWdCLh9Aku5vHsRZLEaqFWugtZF-0YFKpqfrznUnSWrHgxUsOm00YZufxTbL7DSE3VjIVB0o7PJVwCUPlRLEvnVR7oRTWjZTGQnHwGPTH_GEiJhutvnBPWEUPXCmu7RsTCXjIi0PBtRQy8FJf-JIbHfkpVxh9IedtFFNlDGYMii9W8ZEyqOvbJvd8MNjAZz8yUEnU_ysOl8mld0D2a1RIO5U0h2TH5Edkb4Mr8Ji8d5SCFIHMDpoOa7np6CNdZPQJ_D6rD1RSQKF0OJ0Xcwg8UPcrOkg_Z9kyo0NsiAbXWV5QSFEKP5JTPEO2qN4HAoym5ZZ62p3jn2y0yBMy7t0_d_tO3TTBUYA9Cie1JrQ2sp5GcJIiEbG0nGlXuJprpV0ARJqL0A0i4VqmfAlOrQ3gtNhAFtPslDTyeW7OCIVx7oGWAQQwcHVQvQ7iGExPIqy0XpPcrhSZqJpRHBtbvCRQWaDSk2-lN8n1eu5rxaOxddYdrsd6BnJflwNgEUmt2eQvi2iS1mo1k9oh3xKAsUFQ8rJuv82xNIxiwc7_Q4QLsgvAKsbd3Z5okUaxWJpLAC-FvCrt9As07u2q priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Title | Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization for Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking under Partial Shading Conditions |
| URI | https://www.proquest.com/docview/2316604383 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2403018953 https://doaj.org/article/2ee855f019754db5b61a252b4ed82a4c |
| Volume | 12 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1NT9wwEB3BcimHqi2t2EJXltpLDxFxbCfOqQLEgioBqwLS3qL4qyCxCSyB9ud3JuvdtirqxQfHiqzxeObN2H4D8CkYYcvcukTWBpuisIkuM5PUjhdGhVRbR4Hi6Vl-ciW_TtU0Jtwe4rXKpU3sDbVrLeXI94g3LuW6VOLL3X1CVaPodDWW0FiHDTTBWg9g4-DobPJtlWVJhcAgTCx4SQXG93u-4Rkqbp6JvzxRT9j_jz3uncz4FbyM6JDtL5bzNaz55g1s_sEZuAVP-9aiqyCGB8cmceHZxY96PmPnuP9n8WElQzTKJtdt16IBwvjfstP6583sccYmVBgN25umY-iqLCXLGb0lmy_-hxO4uO6v1rPDlk60STPfwtX46PLwJInFExKLGKRL6uCLEHTgjkBKTYTEJkjhUpU66axLERg5qYo01yoNwmYGN7fziNdKj97MiXcwaNrGbwPDfsmdJjAgcMsrk7u8LFEFDcHLwIfweSnIykZmcSpwcVthhEFCr34LfQgfV2PvFnwaz446oPVYjSAO7L6jnX-vomSrzHutUJ14WSjpDE6L15nKjPQ411raIewuV7OKG_OhQjib5z0_6_OfV1r2_v-fd-AFQqeS7m9ztQuDbv7oPyA86cwI1vX4eBQ1cdQH-dgeT_kvobnpQA |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1JTxRBFK4gHpSDcY2jqJWoBw8dau3lYAii4yAMTgIk3NraGiZxunFoQP8Uv5H3ehk1Em9c-tBVqVReffXeV9v3CHlTWOmy2PlIGQufJHFRmgkbGc8TqwuWOo8LxfFuPDpQXw714RK57N_C4LXK3ic2jtpXDvfI11A3jvE003L95EeEWaPwdLVPodHCYjv8uoAl2-n7rY8wvm-FGH7a3xxFXVaByEFwriNThKQo0oJ7jN4GlXptoaRnmnnlnWfAGLzSCYtTzQrphAXU-wBEJgvg5r2Edm-R20pCJMeX6cPPiz0dJiUs-WSrggrlbC2UXMA0iYX8K-416QH-8f5NSBveJ_c6Lko3WvA8IEuhfEhW_lAofETON5yDwIR6Ep5OOpjRvQszn9Gv4G1m3TNOCtyXTo6rugJ3V5upo2Pzczo7m9EJpmGD77SsKQRGh1vzFF-uzdv2oAN7x81FfrpZ4fk5zoPH5OBGjPqELJdVGZ4SCv8V9ylSDwkORtvYx1kGgLdIZgs-IO96Q-au0zHHdBrfc1jPoNHz30YfkNeLuietese1tT7geCxqoOJ286OaH-WdZXMRQqoBvDxLtPIWusWN0MKqAH01yg3Iaj-aeecGTnMgz3HcqMFeX7zA9LP_F78id0b74518Z2t3-zm5C6Qtw5vjXK-S5Xp-Fl4AMartywaNlHy7afhfAX0uIWM |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwEB6VrYTggHiKLaW1BBw4RJvEcR4HVPW1aildIkql3oKfdKVuUrZpC3-NX8dMHguIilsvPtiWZY3HM9_48Q3Aa6e4zmJtvEgqLJJEe2kWKk-aIFHC-ak2FCgeTuK94-j9iThZgp_9Xxh6VtnbxMZQm0rTGfmIeOP8IM0EH7nuWUS-M944_-ZRBim6ae3TabQqcmB_XGP4dvFufwfX-k0Yjnc_b-95XYYBT6Ojrj3pbOJc6gJDnlwSa69yETe-8E1ktPERPZhIJH6cCt9xHSrcAcYiqMksmnzDcdw7sJxQVDSA5a3dSf5pccLjc44BIG85UTnP_JEtgxA3TRzyv7xgkyzgH1_QOLjxQ3jQIVO22arSI1iy5WO4_wdf4RO42tQa3RSxSxiWd0rHjq7lfMY-ou2ZdZ86GSJhlp9WdYXGr5ZTzQ7l9-nscsZySsqG5bSsGbpJTQf1jP6xzdvxcAJHp82zfrZd0W067YqncHwrYn0Gg7Iq7XNgWB8FJiUgwtHcCBWbOMtQ_RVBWxcM4W0vyEJ3rOaUXOOswOiGhF78FvoQXi36nrdcHjf22qL1WPQg_u2mopp_LTrJFqG1qUBVDrJEREbhtAIZilBFFucqIz2E1X41i84oXBQIpeO44Ya9uXmh4Sv_b16Hu6j6xYf9ycELuIcILqNn5IFYhUE9v7QvESXVaq1TRwZfbnsH_AKnQCb1 |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Accelerated+Particle+Swarm+Optimization+for+Photovoltaic+Maximum+Power+Point+Tracking+under+Partial+Shading+Conditions&rft.jtitle=Energies+%28Basel%29&rft.au=Alshareef%2C+Muhannad&rft.au=Lin%2C+Zhengyu&rft.au=Ma%2C+Mingyao&rft.au=Cao%2C+Wenping&rft.date=2019-02-15&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.eissn=1996-1073&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=623&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fen12040623&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1996-1073&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1996-1073&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1996-1073&client=summon |