A modeling approach to energy savings of flying Canada geese using computational fluid dynamics
A flapping flight mechanism of the Canada goose (Branta canadensis) was estimated using a two-jointed arm model in unsteady aerodynamic performance to examine how much energy can be saved in migration. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to evaluate airflow fields around the wing and in the...
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Published in | Journal of theoretical biology Vol. 320; pp. 76 - 85 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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England
Elsevier Ltd
07.03.2013
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Abstract | A flapping flight mechanism of the Canada goose (Branta canadensis) was estimated using a two-jointed arm model in unsteady aerodynamic performance to examine how much energy can be saved in migration. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to evaluate airflow fields around the wing and in the wake. From the distributions of velocity and pressure on the wing, it was found that about 15% of goose flight energy could be saved by drag reduction from changing the morphology of the wing. From the airflow field in the wake, it was found that a pair of three-dimensional spiral flapping advantage vortices (FAV) was alternately generated. We quantitatively deduced that the optimal depth (the distance along the flight path between birds) was around 4m from the wing tip of a goose ahead, and optimal wing tip spacing (WTS, the distance between wing tips of adjacent birds perpendicular to the flight path) ranged between 0 and –0.40m in the spanwise section. It was found that a goose behind can save about 16% of its energy by induced power from FAV in V-formation. The phase difference of flapping between the goose ahead and behind was estimated at around 90.7° to take full aerodynamic benefit caused by FAV.
► A flapping goose wing was reconstructed using a two-jointed arm model. ► A goose can save about 15% of its energy by changing the morphology of its wing. ► A goose behind can save about 16% of its energy from flapping advantage vortices. ► Phase difference of flapping between goose ahead and behind was estimated at 90.7°. |
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AbstractList | A flapping flight mechanism of the Canada goose (Branta canadensis) was estimated using a two-jointed arm model in unsteady aerodynamic performance to examine how much energy can be saved in migration. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to evaluate airflow fields around the wing and in the wake. From the distributions of velocity and pressure on the wing, it was found that about 15% of goose flight energy could be saved by drag reduction from changing the morphology of the wing. From the airflow field in the wake, it was found that a pair of three-dimensional spiral flapping advantage vortices (FAV) was alternately generated. We quantitatively deduced that the optimal depth (the distance along the flight path between birds) was around 4m from the wing tip of a goose ahead, and optimal wing tip spacing (WTS, the distance between wing tips of adjacent birds perpendicular to the flight path) ranged between 0 and -0.40m in the spanwise section. It was found that a goose behind can save about 16% of its energy by induced power from FAV in V-formation. The phase difference of flapping between the goose ahead and behind was estimated at around 90.7° to take full aerodynamic benefit caused by FAV. A flapping flight mechanism of the Canada goose (Branta canadensis) was estimated using a two-jointed arm model in unsteady aerodynamic performance to examine how much energy can be saved in migration. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to evaluate airflow fields around the wing and in the wake. From the distributions of velocity and pressure on the wing, it was found that about 15% of goose flight energy could be saved by drag reduction from changing the morphology of the wing. From the airflow field in the wake, it was found that a pair of three-dimensional spiral flapping advantage vortices (FAV) was alternately generated. We quantitatively deduced that the optimal depth (the distance along the flight path between birds) was around 4m from the wing tip of a goose ahead, and optimal wing tip spacing (WTS, the distance between wing tips of adjacent birds perpendicular to the flight path) ranged between 0 and –0.40m in the spanwise section. It was found that a goose behind can save about 16% of its energy by induced power from FAV in V-formation. The phase difference of flapping between the goose ahead and behind was estimated at around 90.7° to take full aerodynamic benefit caused by FAV. ► A flapping goose wing was reconstructed using a two-jointed arm model. ► A goose can save about 15% of its energy by changing the morphology of its wing. ► A goose behind can save about 16% of its energy from flapping advantage vortices. ► Phase difference of flapping between goose ahead and behind was estimated at 90.7°. A flapping flight mechanism of the Canada goose (Branta canadensis) was estimated using a two-jointed arm model in unsteady aerodynamic performance to examine how much energy can be saved in migration. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to evaluate airflow fields around the wing and in the wake. From the distributions of velocity and pressure on the wing, it was found that about 15% of goose flight energy could be saved by drag reduction from changing the morphology of the wing. From the airflow field in the wake, it was found that a pair of three-dimensional spiral flapping advantage vortices (FAV) was alternately generated. We quantitatively deduced that the optimal depth (the distance along the flight path between birds) was around 4m from the wing tip of a goose ahead, and optimal wing tip spacing (WTS, the distance between wing tips of adjacent birds perpendicular to the flight path) ranged between 0 and -0.40m in the spanwise section. It was found that a goose behind can save about 16% of its energy by induced power from FAV in V-formation. The phase difference of flapping between the goose ahead and behind was estimated at around 90.7 degree to take full aerodynamic benefit caused by FAV. |
Author | Park, Jae-Hyung Maeng, Joo-Sung Han, Seog-Young Jang, Seong-Min |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Joo-Sung surname: Maeng fullname: Maeng, Joo-Sung organization: Division of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea – sequence: 2 givenname: Jae-Hyung surname: Park fullname: Park, Jae-Hyung organization: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea – sequence: 3 givenname: Seong-Min surname: Jang fullname: Jang, Seong-Min organization: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea – sequence: 4 givenname: Seog-Young surname: Han fullname: Han, Seog-Young email: syhan@hanyang.ac.kr organization: Division of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23261397$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Keywords | Two-jointed arm model Wing tip spacing (WTS) V-formation Morphology Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) |
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Snippet | A flapping flight mechanism of the Canada goose (Branta canadensis) was estimated using a two-jointed arm model in unsteady aerodynamic performance to examine... |
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SubjectTerms | Animals Branta canadensis Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Computer Simulation Female Flight, Animal - physiology Geese - anatomy & histology Geese - physiology Male Models, Biological Morphology Two-jointed arm model V-formation Wing tip spacing (WTS) |
Title | A modeling approach to energy savings of flying Canada geese using computational fluid dynamics |
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