Heat transfer performance enhancement and mechanism analysis of thermal energy storage unit designed by using a modified transient topology optimization model
The spatial layout of the highly conductive fin and phase change materials (PCM) and the thermophysical properties of PCM are important factors restricting the heat transfer rate of the latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES). The current fin design concentrates on the limited design space, and r...
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| Published in | Journal of cleaner production Vol. 434; p. 140281 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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01.01.2024
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| Abstract | The spatial layout of the highly conductive fin and phase change materials (PCM) and the thermophysical properties of PCM are important factors restricting the heat transfer rate of the latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES). The current fin design concentrates on the limited design space, and rarely adopts the optimizing form of unconstrained structure evolution in the process. So this study proposes a modified transient topology optimization (TO) model to seek the optimal distribution of the fins embedded into PCM subject to the constraints of fin area and specified time. This topology optimization problem is formulated using the density-based material design variable in governing equations, physical constraints, etc. The design freedom and procedural iterative solving of TO model allow for the free evolution of innovative fin structures and elucidate the interaction mechanism between the fin design and physical occurring processes. The double interpolation function, variable regularization, adjoint-based sensitivity analysis and GCMMA algorithm are established to further improve TO model to obtain high-precision solutions. Using above methods, the regular evolution mechanism of fins and physical performance parameters and the trade-off between performance and structure are analyzed. Then, the effects and reasons of pure paraffin (PW) and the adding carbon nanotubes (nPW) on changes in topology structure and performance parameters are also comparatively studied. Finally, by comparing TO-fins with conventional rectangular fins, the superiority of the established method is verified, and the performance improvement mechanism and extent of TO-fins are revealed. Results show that TO-fin LHTES with nPW can achieve better performance than TO-fin LHTES with PW under fewer branches and shorter branch length. The uniform distribution and multi-branch characteristics of TO-fins greatly shorten the heat conduction path, and its local segmentation of whole PCM enhances the local convection effect.
•Modified topology optimization method for LHTES design is established and validated.•LHTES fin freely unconstrained evolves in process under modified optimization model.•The effects of pure PW and PW with nanoparticles on optimal solutions are studied.•Fin structure evolution principles and its trade-off with performance are analyzed.•Revealed physical mechanism and extent of performance enhancement for optimal fins. |
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| AbstractList | The spatial layout of the highly conductive fin and phase change materials (PCM) and the thermophysical properties of PCM are important factors restricting the heat transfer rate of the latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES). The current fin design concentrates on the limited design space, and rarely adopts the optimizing form of unconstrained structure evolution in the process. So this study proposes a modified transient topology optimization (TO) model to seek the optimal distribution of the fins embedded into PCM subject to the constraints of fin area and specified time. This topology optimization problem is formulated using the density-based material design variable in governing equations, physical constraints, etc. The design freedom and procedural iterative solving of TO model allow for the free evolution of innovative fin structures and elucidate the interaction mechanism between the fin design and physical occurring processes. The double interpolation function, variable regularization, adjoint-based sensitivity analysis and GCMMA algorithm are established to further improve TO model to obtain high-precision solutions. Using above methods, the regular evolution mechanism of fins and physical performance parameters and the trade-off between performance and structure are analyzed. Then, the effects and reasons of pure paraffin (PW) and the adding carbon nanotubes (nPW) on changes in topology structure and performance parameters are also comparatively studied. Finally, by comparing TO-fins with conventional rectangular fins, the superiority of the established method is verified, and the performance improvement mechanism and extent of TO-fins are revealed. Results show that TO-fin LHTES with nPW can achieve better performance than TO-fin LHTES with PW under fewer branches and shorter branch length. The uniform distribution and multi-branch characteristics of TO-fins greatly shorten the heat conduction path, and its local segmentation of whole PCM enhances the local convection effect. The spatial layout of the highly conductive fin and phase change materials (PCM) and the thermophysical properties of PCM are important factors restricting the heat transfer rate of the latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES). The current fin design concentrates on the limited design space, and rarely adopts the optimizing form of unconstrained structure evolution in the process. So this study proposes a modified transient topology optimization (TO) model to seek the optimal distribution of the fins embedded into PCM subject to the constraints of fin area and specified time. This topology optimization problem is formulated using the density-based material design variable in governing equations, physical constraints, etc. The design freedom and procedural iterative solving of TO model allow for the free evolution of innovative fin structures and elucidate the interaction mechanism between the fin design and physical occurring processes. The double interpolation function, variable regularization, adjoint-based sensitivity analysis and GCMMA algorithm are established to further improve TO model to obtain high-precision solutions. Using above methods, the regular evolution mechanism of fins and physical performance parameters and the trade-off between performance and structure are analyzed. Then, the effects and reasons of pure paraffin (PW) and the adding carbon nanotubes (nPW) on changes in topology structure and performance parameters are also comparatively studied. Finally, by comparing TO-fins with conventional rectangular fins, the superiority of the established method is verified, and the performance improvement mechanism and extent of TO-fins are revealed. Results show that TO-fin LHTES with nPW can achieve better performance than TO-fin LHTES with PW under fewer branches and shorter branch length. The uniform distribution and multi-branch characteristics of TO-fins greatly shorten the heat conduction path, and its local segmentation of whole PCM enhances the local convection effect. •Modified topology optimization method for LHTES design is established and validated.•LHTES fin freely unconstrained evolves in process under modified optimization model.•The effects of pure PW and PW with nanoparticles on optimal solutions are studied.•Fin structure evolution principles and its trade-off with performance are analyzed.•Revealed physical mechanism and extent of performance enhancement for optimal fins. |
| ArticleNumber | 140281 |
| Author | Desideri, Umberto Wang, Jiahao Liu, Xiaomin |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jiahao orcidid: 0000-0001-7955-9349 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Jiahao organization: School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Xiaomin orcidid: 0000-0003-1849-9295 surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Xiaomin email: liuxm@xjtu.edu.cn organization: School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Umberto orcidid: 0000-0001-7360-5762 surname: Desideri fullname: Desideri, Umberto organization: Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Constructions Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, Pisa, 56122, Italy |
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| Title | Heat transfer performance enhancement and mechanism analysis of thermal energy storage unit designed by using a modified transient topology optimization model |
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