When local anesthesia becomes universal: Pronounced systemic effects of subcutaneous lidocaine in bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus)

• Published in: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology Vol. 209; pp. 41 - 46
• Main Authors: Williams, Catherine J.A., Alstrup, Aage K.O., Bertelsen, Mads F., Jensen, Heidi M., Leite, Cleo A.C., Wang, Tobias
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.07.2017
• Subjects: Amino amides; Amphibian; amphibians; Analgesia; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Local; Animals; benzocaine; blood pressure; catheters; fish; heart rate; Heart Rate - drug effects; hindlimbs; Injections, Subcutaneous; lidocaine; Lidocaine - pharmacology; Lithobates catesbeianus; Local anesthesia; local anesthetics; nociception; Nociception - drug effects; Rana catesbeiana - physiology; reflexes; respiratory rate; Respiratory Rate - drug effects; sedation; sedatives; sodium channels; subcutaneous injection; Systemic effects; Systemic effects; Analgesia; Anesthesia; Amino amides; Amphibian; Local anesthesia

Sodium channel blockers are commonly injected local anesthetics but are also routinely used for general immersion anesthesia in fish and amphibians. Here we report the effects of subcutaneous injection of lidocaine (5 or 50mgkg−1) in the hind limb of bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) on reflexes,...