An assessment of habitat pressure, oxygen fraction, and EVA suit design for space operations
At high cabin pressure [e.g. 1013 hPa (14.7 psi) 21% O 2] there are serious issues relative to specification of suit pressure and the need for prebreathing. A high pressure suit will be costly but use of the existing, flexible suit requires up to 6 h of prebreathing. Or one could use a cabin pressur...
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Published in | Acta astronautica Vol. 32; no. 1; pp. 39 - 49 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
Elsevier Ltd
1994
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Abstract | At high cabin pressure [e.g. 1013 hPa (14.7 psi) 21% O
2] there are serious issues relative to specification of suit pressure and the need for prebreathing. A high pressure suit will be costly but use of the existing, flexible suit requires up to 6 h of prebreathing. Or one could use a cabin pressure of 700 hPa (10.2 psi) prior to extravehicular activity (EVA) in order to use the existing suit with only 1 h of prebreathing. If these normal cabin pressures and O
2 levels are utilized, existing physiological and medical databases apply, providing a known basis for evaluating effects of long duration space missions. If a 345 hPa (5 psi), 70–100% O
2 atmosphere is adopted the existing suit can be used with no prebreathing required. However, there is no reference database on physiological effects under the conditions of lower pressure and higher O
2 concentration. This paper considers the major issues involved in defining habitat pressure, O
2 fraction, and EVA suit design for operations in space. A preliminary model for evaluating habitat/suit pressure and O
2% strategies is presented. |
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AbstractList | At high cabin pressure [e.g. 1013 hPa (14.7 psi) 21% O
2] there are serious issues relative to specification of suit pressure and the need for prebreathing. A high pressure suit will be costly but use of the existing, flexible suit requires up to 6 h of prebreathing. Or one could use a cabin pressure of 700 hPa (10.2 psi) prior to extravehicular activity (EVA) in order to use the existing suit with only 1 h of prebreathing. If these normal cabin pressures and O
2 levels are utilized, existing physiological and medical databases apply, providing a known basis for evaluating effects of long duration space missions. If a 345 hPa (5 psi), 70–100% O
2 atmosphere is adopted the existing suit can be used with no prebreathing required. However, there is no reference database on physiological effects under the conditions of lower pressure and higher O
2 concentration. This paper considers the major issues involved in defining habitat pressure, O
2 fraction, and EVA suit design for operations in space. A preliminary model for evaluating habitat/suit pressure and O
2% strategies is presented. At high cabin pressure, there are serious issues relative to specification of suit pressure and the need for prebreathing. A high pressure suit will be costly but the use of the existing flexible suit requires up to 6 h of prebreathing. If normal cabin pressures and O2 levels are utilized, existing physiological and medical databases apply, providing a known basis for evaluating effects of long duration space missions. If a 5 psi, 70-100 percent O2 atmosphere is adopted, the existing suit can be used with no prebreathing required. However, there is no reference database on physiological effects under the conditions of lower pressure and higher O2 concentration. This paper considers the major issues involved in defining habitat pressure, O2 fraction, and EVA suit design for operations in space. A preliminary model for evaluating habitat/suit pressure and O2 percent strategies is presented. At high cabin pressure [e.g. 1013 hPa (14.7 psi) 21% O2] there are serious issues relative to specification of suit pressure and the need for prebreathing. A high pressure suit will be costly but use of the existing, flexible suit requires up to 6 h of prebreathing. Or one could use a cabin pressure of 700 hPa (10.2 psi) prior to extravehicular activity (EVA) in order to use the existing suit with only 1 h of prebreathing. If these normal cabin pressures and O2 levels are utilized, existing physiological and medical databases apply, providing a known basis for evaluating effects of long duration space missions. If a 345 hPa (5 psi), 70-100% O2 atmosphere is adopted the existing suit can be used with no prebreathing required. However, there is no reference database on physiological effects under the conditions of lower pressure and higher O2 concentration. This paper considers the major issues involved in defining habitat pressure, O2 fraction, and EVA suit design for operations in space. A preliminary model for evaluating habitat/suit pressure and O2% strategies is presented. |
Author | Cooley, Carolyn G. Morgenthaler, George W. Fester, Dale A. |
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References | Space Station Freedom Data Package, received from Dr Richard Keefe, NASA Headquarters. This data is a compendium of information compiled by Dr Keefe during the SSF program evaluation of cabin and suit pressures. It was not always apparent as to who was the actual author of the material. For acknowledgement purposes, the entire package is referenced in this paper. Where possible, known sources are referenced. Assessment of Technologies for the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) (BIB3) 1990 Gell (BIB5) 1962; 33 (BIB1) 1964 Fuller (BIB6) 1985 Parker (BIB4) 1964 McDonnell Douglas, EVA system and operations (Criteria). Contained in Ref. [2]. (10.1016/0094-5765(94)90146-5_BIB1) 1964 10.1016/0094-5765(94)90146-5_BIB2 Gell (10.1016/0094-5765(94)90146-5_BIB5) 1962; 33 Assessment of Technologies for the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) (10.1016/0094-5765(94)90146-5_BIB3) 1990 10.1016/0094-5765(94)90146-5_BIB7 Fuller (10.1016/0094-5765(94)90146-5_BIB6) 1985 Parker (10.1016/0094-5765(94)90146-5_BIB4) 1964 |
References_xml | – year: 1964 ident: BIB1 publication-title: Bioastronautics Data Book – year: 1985 ident: BIB6 article-title: The space station atmosphere (draft) contributor: fullname: Fuller – volume: 33 start-page: 156 year: 1962 end-page: 161 ident: BIB5 article-title: Biological effects of simulated micrometeoroid penetration of a sealed chamber containing animal specimens publication-title: Aerospace Med. contributor: fullname: Gell – year: 1964 ident: BIB4 article-title: Atmosphere selection and environmental control for manned space missions contributor: fullname: Parker – start-page: 58 year: 1990 end-page: 64 ident: BIB3 publication-title: Final Report to the NASA Office of Aeronautics, Exploration and Technology contributor: fullname: Assessment of Technologies for the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) – ident: 10.1016/0094-5765(94)90146-5_BIB2 – volume: 33 start-page: 156 year: 1962 ident: 10.1016/0094-5765(94)90146-5_BIB5 article-title: Biological effects of simulated micrometeoroid penetration of a sealed chamber containing animal specimens publication-title: Aerospace Med. contributor: fullname: Gell – year: 1985 ident: 10.1016/0094-5765(94)90146-5_BIB6 contributor: fullname: Fuller – ident: 10.1016/0094-5765(94)90146-5_BIB7 – year: 1964 ident: 10.1016/0094-5765(94)90146-5_BIB4 contributor: fullname: Parker – year: 1964 ident: 10.1016/0094-5765(94)90146-5_BIB1 – start-page: 58 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/0094-5765(94)90146-5_BIB3 publication-title: Final Report to the NASA Office of Aeronautics, Exploration and Technology contributor: fullname: Assessment of Technologies for the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) |
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Snippet | At high cabin pressure [e.g. 1013 hPa (14.7 psi) 21% O
2] there are serious issues relative to specification of suit pressure and the need for prebreathing. A... At high cabin pressure [e.g. 1013 hPa (14.7 psi) 21% O2] there are serious issues relative to specification of suit pressure and the need for prebreathing. A... At high cabin pressure, there are serious issues relative to specification of suit pressure and the need for prebreathing. A high pressure suit will be costly... |
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SubjectTerms | Aerospace Medicine Atmospheric Pressure Equipment Design Equipment Safety Extravehicular Activity Humans Models, Theoretical Oxygen - analysis Oxygen Inhalation Therapy Space Flight - economics Space Flight - instrumentation Space Flight - trends Space life sciences Space Suits Spacecraft |
Title | An assessment of habitat pressure, oxygen fraction, and EVA suit design for space operations |
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