Overexpression of eukaryotic elongation factor eEF2 in gastrointestinal cancers and its involvement in G2/M progression in the cell cycle
A high level protein synthesis is one of the characteristics of cancer cells. The aim of this study is to show the contribution of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), which plays an essential role in the polypeptide chain elongation step, in the tumorigenesis of gastrointestinal cancers. In the p...
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Published in | International journal of oncology Vol. 34; no. 5; pp. 1181 - 1189 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Athens
Editorial Academy of the International Journal of Oncology
01.05.2009
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Abstract | A high level protein synthesis is one of the characteristics of cancer cells. The aim of this study is to show the contribution of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), which plays an essential role in the polypeptide chain elongation step, in the tumorigenesis of gastrointestinal cancers. In the present study, we demonstrated by using immunohistochemistry that eEF2 protein was overexpressed in 92.9% (13 of 14) of gastric and 91.7% (22 of 24) of colorectal cancers. No mutations were found in any of the exons of the eEF2 gene in six gastric and six colorectal cancers. Knockdown of eEF2 by eEF2-specific short-hairpin RNA (shEF2) inhibited cancer cell growth in two gastric cancer cell lines, AZ-521 and MKN28, and one colon cancer cell line, SW620. Flow cytometric analysis showed that knockdown of eEF2 induced G2/M arrest and resulted in inactivation of Akt and cdc2 (a G2/M regulator) and activation of eEF2 kinase (a negative regulator of eEF2) in these cancer cells. Conversely, forced expression of eEF2 in AZ-521 cells significantly enhanced the cell growth through promotion of G2/M progression in cell cycle, activated Akt and cdc2, and inactivated eEF2 kinase. Furthermore, forced expression of eEF2 in these cancer cells enhanced in vivo tumorigenicity in a mouse xenograft model. These results showed that overexpressed eEF2 in gastrointestinal cancers promoted G2/M progression and enhanced their cell growth in vitro and in vivo. These results also suggested a novel linkage between translational elongation and cell cycle mechanisms, implying that the linkage might play an important role to orchestrate the deregulated translation and cell cycle mechanisms for promotion of the development of gastrointestinal cancers. |
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AbstractList | A high level protein synthesis is one of the characteristics of cancer cells. The aim of this study is to show the contribution of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), which plays an essential role in the polypeptide chain elongation step, in the tumorigenesis of gastrointestinal cancers. In the present study, we demonstrated by using immunohistochemistry that eEF2 protein was overexpressed in 92.9% (13 of 14) of gastric and 91.7% (22 of 24) of colorectal cancers. No mutations were found in any of the exons of the eEF2 gene in six gastric and six colorectal cancers. Knockdown of eEF2 by eEF2-specific short-hairpin RNA (shEF2) inhibited cancer cell growth in two gastric cancer cell lines, AZ-521 and MKN28, and one colon cancer cell line, 5W620. Flow cytometric analysis showed that knockdown of eEF2 induced G2/M arrest and resulted in inactivation of Akt and cdc2 (a G2/M regulator) and activation of eEF2 kinase (a negative regulator of eEF2) in these cancer cells. Conversely, forced expression of eEF2 in AZ-521 cells significantly enhanced the cell growth through promotion of G2/M progression in cell cycle, activated Akt and cdc2, and inactivated eEF2 kinase. Furthermore, forced expression of eEF2 in these cancer cells enhanced in vivo tumorigenicity in a mouse xenograft model. These results showed that overexpressed eEF2 in gastrointestinal cancers promoted G2/M progression and enhanced their cell growth in vitro and in vivo. These results also suggested a novel linkage between translational elongation and cell cycle mechanisms, implying that the linkage might play an important role to orchestrate the deregulated translation and cell cycle mechanisms for promotion of the development of gastrointestinal cancers. A high level protein synthesis is one of the characteristics of cancer cells. The aim of this study is to show the contribution of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), which plays an essential role in the polypeptide chain elongation step, in the tumorigenesis of gastrointestinal cancers. In the present study, we demonstrated by using immunohistochemistry that eEF2 protein was overexpressed in 92.9% (13 of 14) of gastric and 91.7% (22 of 24) of colorectal cancers. No mutations were found in any of the exons of the eEF2 gene in six gastric and six colorectal cancers. Knockdown of eEF2 by eEF2-specific short-hairpin RNA (shEF2) inhibited cancer cell growth in two gastric cancer cell lines, AZ-521 and MKN28, and one colon cancer cell line, SW620. Flow cytometric analysis showed that knockdown of eEF2 induced G2/M arrest and resulted in inactivation of Akt and cdc2 (a G2/M regulator) and activation of eEF2 kinase (a negative regulator of eEF2) in these cancer cells. Conversely, forced expression of eEF2 in AZ-521 cells significantly enhanced the cell growth through promotion of G2/M progression in cell cycle, activated Akt and cdc2, and inactivated eEF2 kinase. Furthermore, forced expression of eEF2 in these cancer cells enhanced in vivo tumorigenicity in a mouse xenograft model. These results showed that overexpressed eEF2 in gastrointestinal cancers promoted G2/M progression and enhanced their cell growth in vitro and in vivo. These results also suggested a novel linkage between translational elongation and cell cycle mechanisms, implying that the linkage might play an important role to orchestrate the deregulated translation and cell cycle mechanisms for promotion of the development of gastrointestinal cancers. |
Author | FUJIKI, Fumihiro AOZASA, Katsuyuki NEZU, Riichiro NOMURA, Masaya SHIBATA, Shohei TATSUMI, Naoya NISHIDA, Sumiyuki NANCHI, Isamu OJI, Yusuke SHIRAKATA, Toshiaki DOKI, Yuichiro NAKATSUKA, Shin-Ichi TSUBOI, Akihoro FUKUDA, Ikuyo UEDA, Tazu NAKAMURA, Junya FUKUDA, Mari YAMAMOTO, Yumiko OKA, Yoshihiro MORI, Masaki AOYAGI, Sayaka HIRATA, Erika HOSEN, Naoki SUGIYAMA, Haruo |
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Keywords | eEF2 Rectal disease M cell gastric cancer Gastrointestinal cancer Colorectal cancer Akt protein kinase Gene overexpression Elongation factor Malignant tumor Akt Stomach cancer Colonic disease Cancerology Cell cycle Digestive diseases Intestinal disease cdc2 Cancer Gastric disease |
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SubjectTerms | Adenocarcinoma - genetics Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Animals Biological and medical sciences Cell Cycle - genetics Cell Division - genetics Female G2 Phase - genetics Gastroenterology. Liver. Pancreas. Abdomen Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - genetics Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic Humans Medical sciences Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Mice, Nude Middle Aged Models, Biological Peptide Elongation Factor 2 - genetics Stomach. Duodenum. Small intestine. Colon. Rectum. Anus Tumor Cells, Cultured Tumors Up-Regulation Young Adult |
Title | Overexpression of eukaryotic elongation factor eEF2 in gastrointestinal cancers and its involvement in G2/M progression in the cell cycle |
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