Physical Inactivity, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes: An Evolutionary Perspective

Physical inactivity (and unhealthy nutrition) has distorted body composition and, in turn, reordered the proportions of myocyte and adipocyte insulin receptors. Insulin acting on adipocyte receptors produces less glucose uptake than does comparable interaction with myocyte receptors. Accordingly, in...

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Published inResearch quarterly for exercise and sport Vol. 88; no. 1; pp. 1 - 8
Main Authors Eaton, S. Boyd, Eaton, Stanley B.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Routledge 02.01.2017
Subjects
Adipocytes - metabolism
Adipose Tissue - metabolism
Animals
Biochemistry
Blood Glucose - metabolism
Body Composition
Diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - prevention & control
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - therapy
Drug Therapy
Exercise
fat-muscle index (FMI)
Health Promotion
Human Body
Humans
Hyperinsulinism - complications
insulin resistance
Insulin Resistance - physiology
Life Style
Muscle Cells - metabolism
Obesity
Obesity - complications
Physical Activity Level
Prevention
Receptor, Insulin - metabolism
Sedentary Lifestyle
fat-muscle index (FMI)
exercise
insulin resistance
Body composition
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Abstract Physical inactivity (and unhealthy nutrition) has distorted body composition and, in turn, reordered the proportions of myocyte and adipocyte insulin receptors. Insulin acting on adipocyte receptors produces less glucose uptake than does comparable interaction with myocyte receptors. Accordingly, in individuals with disproportionate muscle/fat composition, any given glucose load requires greater-than-normal pancreatic insulin secretion for adequate disposal. This hyperinsulinemia then becomes the leading cause of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as insulin-sensitive tissues become desensitized. Because T2DM is rooted in potentially reversible lifestyle factors, rather than focusing on the intricacies of glucoregulation at the molecular level and on testing new drugs to control blood sugar, this article calls for a new prevention and treatment paradigm, in which exercise and weight control are essential and for which an inexpensive and acceptably accurate measure of body muscle and fat proportions is needed.
AbstractList Physical inactivity (and unhealthy nutrition) has distorted body composition and, in turn, reordered the proportions of myocyte and adipocyte insulin receptors. Insulin acting on adipocyte receptors produces less glucose uptake than does comparable interaction with myocyte receptors. Accordingly, in individuals with disproportionate muscle/fat composition, any given glucose load requires greater-than-normal pancreatic insulin secretion for adequate disposal. This hyperinsulinemia then becomes the leading cause of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as insulin-sensitive tissues become desensitized. Because T2DM is rooted in potentially reversible lifestyle factors, rather than focusing on the intricacies of glucoregulation at the molecular level and on testing new drugs to control blood sugar, this article calls for a new prevention and treatment paradigm, in which exercise and weight control are essential and for which an inexpensive and acceptably accurate measure of body muscle and fat proportions is needed.Physical inactivity (and unhealthy nutrition) has distorted body composition and, in turn, reordered the proportions of myocyte and adipocyte insulin receptors. Insulin acting on adipocyte receptors produces less glucose uptake than does comparable interaction with myocyte receptors. Accordingly, in individuals with disproportionate muscle/fat composition, any given glucose load requires greater-than-normal pancreatic insulin secretion for adequate disposal. This hyperinsulinemia then becomes the leading cause of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as insulin-sensitive tissues become desensitized. Because T2DM is rooted in potentially reversible lifestyle factors, rather than focusing on the intricacies of glucoregulation at the molecular level and on testing new drugs to control blood sugar, this article calls for a new prevention and treatment paradigm, in which exercise and weight control are essential and for which an inexpensive and acceptably accurate measure of body muscle and fat proportions is needed.
Physical inactivity (and unhealthy nutrition) has distorted body composition and, in turn, reordered the proportions of myocyte and adipocyte insulin receptors. Insulin acting on adipocyte receptors produces less glucose uptake than does comparable interaction with myocyte receptors. Accordingly, in individuals with disproportionate muscle/fat composition, any given glucose load requires greater-than-normal pancreatic insulin secretion for adequate disposal. This hyperinsulinemia then becomes the leading cause of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as insulin-sensitive tissues become desensitized. Because T2DM is rooted in potentially reversible lifestyle factors, rather than focusing on the intricacies of glucoregulation at the molecular level and on testing new drugs to control blood sugar, this article calls for a new prevention and treatment paradigm, in which exercise and weight control are essential and for which an inexpensive and acceptably accurate measure of body muscle and fat proportions is needed.
Author Eaton, S. Boyd
Eaton, Stanley B.
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Keywords fat-muscle index (FMI)
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insulin resistance
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– ident: cit0052
  doi: 10.1677/jme.0.0110103
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Snippet Physical inactivity (and unhealthy nutrition) has distorted body composition and, in turn, reordered the proportions of myocyte and adipocyte insulin...
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SubjectTerms Adipocytes - metabolism
Adipose Tissue - metabolism
Animals
Biochemistry
Blood Glucose - metabolism
Body Composition
Diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - prevention & control
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - therapy
Drug Therapy
Exercise
fat-muscle index (FMI)
Health Promotion
Human Body
Humans
Hyperinsulinism - complications
insulin resistance
Insulin Resistance - physiology
Life Style
Muscle Cells - metabolism
Obesity
Obesity - complications
Physical Activity Level
Prevention
Receptor, Insulin - metabolism
Sedentary Lifestyle
Title Physical Inactivity, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes: An Evolutionary Perspective
URI https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02701367.2016.1268519
http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ1131013
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28129048
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1862767563
Volume 88
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