Rural‐Urban Difference in Workplace Supports and Impacts for Employed Caregivers
Purpose This study examines rural‐urban differences in employed caregivers’ access to workplace supports, negative impacts of caregiving on work, and the association between work and caregiver strain, which can have negative impacts on health. Methods We used a cross‐sectional analysis of employed c...
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Published in | The Journal of rural health Vol. 35; no. 1; pp. 49 - 57 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
2019
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Abstract | Purpose
This study examines rural‐urban differences in employed caregivers’ access to workplace supports, negative impacts of caregiving on work, and the association between work and caregiver strain, which can have negative impacts on health.
Methods
We used a cross‐sectional analysis of employed caregivers (n = 635) from the 2015 Caregiving in the US survey, including bivariate comparisons of caregiver characteristics, access to workplace benefits, and workplace impacts by rural‐urban location, as well as ordered logistic regression models to assess the relationship between workplace benefits and impacts and caregiver strain, stratified by rural‐urban location.
Findings
Employed rural caregivers had significantly fewer workplace benefits available to them (1.3 out of 5 vs 1.9, P < .001), compared with urban caregivers. In particular, employed rural caregivers were less likely to have access to telecommuting, employee assistance programs, and paid leave. For the full sample, having more negative workplace impacts was associated with greater caregiver strain (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.65, P < .001); for employed rural caregivers, using paid help for caregiving was associated with more strain (AOR: 4.39, P < .05).
Conclusions
More should be done to support all employed caregivers, especially those in rural locations who have more limited access to workplace supports and who may be more negatively impacted by the financial toll of caregiving and of missing work because of caregiving responsibilities. Interventions could range from employer‐initiated programs to local, state, or national policies to improve supports provided to employed caregivers in urban and rural areas. |
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AbstractList | PURPOSEThis study examines rural-urban differences in employed caregivers' access to workplace supports, negative impacts of caregiving on work, and the association between work and caregiver strain, which can have negative impacts on health. METHODSWe used a cross-sectional analysis of employed caregivers (n = 635) from the 2015 Caregiving in the US survey, including bivariate comparisons of caregiver characteristics, access to workplace benefits, and workplace impacts by rural-urban location, as well as ordered logistic regression models to assess the relationship between workplace benefits and impacts and caregiver strain, stratified by rural-urban location. FINDINGSEmployed rural caregivers had significantly fewer workplace benefits available to them (1.3 out of 5 vs 1.9, P < .001), compared with urban caregivers. In particular, employed rural caregivers were less likely to have access to telecommuting, employee assistance programs, and paid leave. For the full sample, having more negative workplace impacts was associated with greater caregiver strain (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.65, P < .001); for employed rural caregivers, using paid help for caregiving was associated with more strain (AOR: 4.39, P < .05). CONCLUSIONSMore should be done to support all employed caregivers, especially those in rural locations who have more limited access to workplace supports and who may be more negatively impacted by the financial toll of caregiving and of missing work because of caregiving responsibilities. Interventions could range from employer-initiated programs to local, state, or national policies to improve supports provided to employed caregivers in urban and rural areas. This study examines rural-urban differences in employed caregivers' access to workplace supports, negative impacts of caregiving on work, and the association between work and caregiver strain, which can have negative impacts on health. We used a cross-sectional analysis of employed caregivers (n = 635) from the 2015 Caregiving in the US survey, including bivariate comparisons of caregiver characteristics, access to workplace benefits, and workplace impacts by rural-urban location, as well as ordered logistic regression models to assess the relationship between workplace benefits and impacts and caregiver strain, stratified by rural-urban location. Employed rural caregivers had significantly fewer workplace benefits available to them (1.3 out of 5 vs 1.9, P < .001), compared with urban caregivers. In particular, employed rural caregivers were less likely to have access to telecommuting, employee assistance programs, and paid leave. For the full sample, having more negative workplace impacts was associated with greater caregiver strain (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.65, P < .001); for employed rural caregivers, using paid help for caregiving was associated with more strain (AOR: 4.39, P < .05). More should be done to support all employed caregivers, especially those in rural locations who have more limited access to workplace supports and who may be more negatively impacted by the financial toll of caregiving and of missing work because of caregiving responsibilities. Interventions could range from employer-initiated programs to local, state, or national policies to improve supports provided to employed caregivers in urban and rural areas. Purpose This study examines rural‐urban differences in employed caregivers’ access to workplace supports, negative impacts of caregiving on work, and the association between work and caregiver strain, which can have negative impacts on health. Methods We used a cross‐sectional analysis of employed caregivers (n = 635) from the 2015 Caregiving in the US survey, including bivariate comparisons of caregiver characteristics, access to workplace benefits, and workplace impacts by rural‐urban location, as well as ordered logistic regression models to assess the relationship between workplace benefits and impacts and caregiver strain, stratified by rural‐urban location. Findings Employed rural caregivers had significantly fewer workplace benefits available to them (1.3 out of 5 vs 1.9, P < .001), compared with urban caregivers. In particular, employed rural caregivers were less likely to have access to telecommuting, employee assistance programs, and paid leave. For the full sample, having more negative workplace impacts was associated with greater caregiver strain (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.65, P < .001); for employed rural caregivers, using paid help for caregiving was associated with more strain (AOR: 4.39, P < .05). Conclusions More should be done to support all employed caregivers, especially those in rural locations who have more limited access to workplace supports and who may be more negatively impacted by the financial toll of caregiving and of missing work because of caregiving responsibilities. Interventions could range from employer‐initiated programs to local, state, or national policies to improve supports provided to employed caregivers in urban and rural areas. |
Author | Lahr, Megan Henning‐Smith, Carrie |
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BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29949205$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Cites_doi | 10.1111/1748-8583.12048 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.016 10.1080/01634372.2013.792910 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.04.001 10.1177/0733464809339591 10.1186/s12940-015-0075-y 10.1002/nur.20461 10.1177/0733464811423647 10.1177/0898264307308568 10.1080/01634370801967612 10.1037/1076-8998.12.4.350 10.1007/s10834-007-9081-8 10.1007/s12126-011-9134-z 10.1007/978-3-319-56901-7_9 10.1097/01376517-200708000-00006 10.1016/j.telpol.2012.11.003 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05505.x 10.1007/s10834-012-9347-7 10.1007/s12126-011-9137-9 10.1016/j.telpol.2007.04.004 10.1177/0192513X11425322 10.1037/a0037878 10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0481 10.1001/jama.282.23.2215 10.1177/0898264314555319 |
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Notes | This study was supported by the Federal Office of Rural Health Policy (FORHP), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) under PHS Grant No. 5U1CRH03717. The information, conclusions and opinions expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and no endorsement by FORHP, HRSA, or HHS is intended or should be inferred. Disclosures Funding The authors report no conflicts of interest. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
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This study examines rural‐urban differences in employed caregivers’ access to workplace supports, negative impacts of caregiving on work, and the... This study examines rural-urban differences in employed caregivers' access to workplace supports, negative impacts of caregiving on work, and the association... PurposeThis study examines rural‐urban differences in employed caregivers’ access to workplace supports, negative impacts of caregiving on work, and the... PURPOSEThis study examines rural-urban differences in employed caregivers' access to workplace supports, negative impacts of caregiving on work, and the... |
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SubjectTerms | Adult Benefits Bivariate analysis Caregiver burden Caregivers caregiving Cross-Sectional Studies Employee assistance programs Employers employment Female Health Personnel - economics Health Personnel - psychology Health Personnel - trends Humans long‐term care Male Middle Aged Occupational health Odds Ratio policy Psychosocial Support Systems Regression analysis Regression models Rural areas Rural communities Rural Health Services - classification Rural Health Services - standards Rural Health Services - statistics & numerical data Rural urban differences Salaries and Fringe Benefits - trends Surveys and Questionnaires Telecommuting United States Urban areas Urban Health Services - classification Urban Health Services - standards Urban Health Services - statistics & numerical data Work Workplace - psychology Workplace - standards Workplace - statistics & numerical data Workplaces |
Title | Rural‐Urban Difference in Workplace Supports and Impacts for Employed Caregivers |
URI | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fjrh.12309 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29949205 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2157923410 https://search.proquest.com/docview/2060875190 |
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