Optimization of pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling at 7T with parallel transmission B1 shimming

• Published in: Magnetic resonance in medicine Vol. 87; no. 1; pp. 249 - 262
• Main Authors: Wang, Kai, Ma, Samantha J., Shao, Xingfeng, Zhao, Chenyang, Shou, Qinyang, Yan, Lirong, Wang, Danny J. J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.01.2022
• Subjects: Amplitudes; arterial spin labeling; Arteries; B1+ shimming; Brain - diagnostic imaging; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Computer Simulation; Correlation coefficients; Efficiency; Humans; Labeling; Mathematical analysis; Optimization; parallel RF transmission; Parameters; Perfusion; Perfusion Imaging; Robustness; Spin labeling; Spin Labels; ultrahigh field; universal pulse; shimming; perfusion; parallel RF transmission; universal pulse; ultrahigh field; arterial spin labeling
• DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28988
• ISSN: 0740-3194; 1522-2594

Purpose To optimize pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) for 7 T, and to further improve the labeling efficiency with parallel RF transmission transmit B1 (B1+) shimming. Methods pCASL parameters were optimized based on B1+/B0 field distributions at 7 T with simulation. To increase labeling efficiency, the B1+ amplitude at inflowing arteries was increased with parallel RF transmission B1+ shimming. The “indv‐shim” with shimming weights calculated for each individual subject, and the “univ‐shim” with universal weights calculated on a group of 12 subjects, were compared with circular polarized (CP) shim. The optimized pCASL sequences with three B1+ shimming modes (indv‐shim, univ‐shim, and CP‐shim) were evaluated in 6 subjects who underwent two repeated scans 24 hours apart, along with a pulsed ASL sequence. Quantitative metrics including mean B1+ amplitude, perfusion, and intraclass correlation coefficient were calculated. The optimized 7T pCASL was compared with standard 3T pCASL on 5 subjects, using spatial SNR and temporal SNR. Results The optimal pCASL parameter set (RF duration/gap = 300/250 us, Gave=0.6mT/m,gRatio=10) achieved robust perfusion measurement in the presence of B1+/B0 inhomogeneities. Both indv‐shim and univ‐shim significantly increased B1+ amplitude compared with CP‐shim in simulation and in vivo experiment (P < .01). Compared with CP‐shim, perfusion signal was increased by 9.5% with indv‐shim (P < .05) and by 5.3% with univ‐shim (P = .35). All three pCASL sequences achieved fair to good repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.5). Compared with 3T pCASL, the optimized 7T pCASL achieved 78.3% higher spatial SNR and 200% higher temporal SNR. Conclusion The optimized pCASL achieved robust perfusion imaging at 7 T, while both indv‐shim and univ‐shim further increased labeling efficiency.