Regulatory T cells and T helper 17 cells in viral infection

CD4+ T cells are the central element of the adaptive immune responses and protect the body from a variety of pathogens. Starting from naive cells, CD4+ T cells can differentiate into various effector cell subsets with specialized functions including T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T (Treg) an...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inScandinavian journal of immunology Vol. 91; no. 5; pp. e12873 - n/a
Main Authors Wan, Zhikai, Zhou, Zhifeng, Liu, Yao, Lai, Yuhan, Luo, Yuan, Peng, Xiaoping, Zou, Wei
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.05.2020
Subjects
Adaptive immunity
Animals
CD4 antigen
Cell Communication - immunology
Cell differentiation
Functional plasticity
Helper cells
Hepatitis
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
HIV
Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Immunomodulation
Immunoregulation
Infections
Lymphocyte Activation - immunology
Lymphocyte Count
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
regulatory T cells (Tregs)
Respiratory syncytial virus
Signal Transduction
T helper 17 cells (Th17 cells)
T-Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology
T-Lymphocyte Subsets - metabolism
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - immunology
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - metabolism
Th17 Cells - immunology
Th17 Cells - metabolism
viral infection
Viral infections
Virus Diseases - immunology
Virus Diseases - metabolism
Virus Diseases - virology
T helper 17 cells (Th17 cells)
regulatory T cells (Tregs)
viral infection
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract CD4+ T cells are the central element of the adaptive immune responses and protect the body from a variety of pathogens. Starting from naive cells, CD4+ T cells can differentiate into various effector cell subsets with specialized functions including T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T (Treg) and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. Among them, Tregs and Th17 cells show a strong plasticity allowing the functional adaptation to various physiological and pathological environments during immune responses. Although they are derived from the same precursor cells and their differentiation pathways are interrelated, the terminally differentiated cells have totally opposite functions. Studies have shown that Tregs and Th17 cells have rather complex interplays in viral infection: Th17 cells may contribute to immune activation and disease progression while Tregs may inhibit this process and play a key role in the maintenance of immune homoeostasis, possibly at the cost of compromised viral control. In this review, we take respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections as examples to discuss these interplays and their impacts on disease progression in viral infection.
AbstractList CD4+ T cells are the central element of the adaptive immune responses and protect the body from a variety of pathogens. Starting from naive cells, CD4+ T cells can differentiate into various effector cell subsets with specialized functions including T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T (Treg) and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. Among them, Tregs and Th17 cells show a strong plasticity allowing the functional adaptation to various physiological and pathological environments during immune responses. Although they are derived from the same precursor cells and their differentiation pathways are interrelated, the terminally differentiated cells have totally opposite functions. Studies have shown that Tregs and Th17 cells have rather complex interplays in viral infection: Th17 cells may contribute to immune activation and disease progression while Tregs may inhibit this process and play a key role in the maintenance of immune homoeostasis, possibly at the cost of compromised viral control. In this review, we take respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections as examples to discuss these interplays and their impacts on disease progression in viral infection.
CD4 T cells are the central element of the adaptive immune responses and protect the body from a variety of pathogens. Starting from naive cells, CD4 T cells can differentiate into various effector cell subsets with specialized functions including T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T (Treg) and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. Among them, Tregs and Th17 cells show a strong plasticity allowing the functional adaptation to various physiological and pathological environments during immune responses. Although they are derived from the same precursor cells and their differentiation pathways are interrelated, the terminally differentiated cells have totally opposite functions. Studies have shown that Tregs and Th17 cells have rather complex interplays in viral infection: Th17 cells may contribute to immune activation and disease progression while Tregs may inhibit this process and play a key role in the maintenance of immune homoeostasis, possibly at the cost of compromised viral control. In this review, we take respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections as examples to discuss these interplays and their impacts on disease progression in viral infection.
CD4+ T cells are the central element of the adaptive immune responses and protect the body from a variety of pathogens. Starting from naive cells, CD4+ T cells can differentiate into various effector cell subsets with specialized functions including T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T (Treg) and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. Among them, Tregs and Th17 cells show a strong plasticity allowing the functional adaptation to various physiological and pathological environments during immune responses. Although they are derived from the same precursor cells and their differentiation pathways are interrelated, the terminally differentiated cells have totally opposite functions. Studies have shown that Tregs and Th17 cells have rather complex interplays in viral infection: Th17 cells may contribute to immune activation and disease progression while Tregs may inhibit this process and play a key role in the maintenance of immune homoeostasis, possibly at the cost of compromised viral control. In this review, we take respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections as examples to discuss these interplays and their impacts on disease progression in viral infection.CD4+ T cells are the central element of the adaptive immune responses and protect the body from a variety of pathogens. Starting from naive cells, CD4+ T cells can differentiate into various effector cell subsets with specialized functions including T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T (Treg) and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. Among them, Tregs and Th17 cells show a strong plasticity allowing the functional adaptation to various physiological and pathological environments during immune responses. Although they are derived from the same precursor cells and their differentiation pathways are interrelated, the terminally differentiated cells have totally opposite functions. Studies have shown that Tregs and Th17 cells have rather complex interplays in viral infection: Th17 cells may contribute to immune activation and disease progression while Tregs may inhibit this process and play a key role in the maintenance of immune homoeostasis, possibly at the cost of compromised viral control. In this review, we take respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections as examples to discuss these interplays and their impacts on disease progression in viral infection.
CD4 + T cells are the central element of the adaptive immune responses and protect the body from a variety of pathogens. Starting from naive cells, CD4 + T cells can differentiate into various effector cell subsets with specialized functions including T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T (Treg) and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. Among them, Tregs and Th17 cells show a strong plasticity allowing the functional adaptation to various physiological and pathological environments during immune responses. Although they are derived from the same precursor cells and their differentiation pathways are interrelated, the terminally differentiated cells have totally opposite functions. Studies have shown that Tregs and Th17 cells have rather complex interplays in viral infection: Th17 cells may contribute to immune activation and disease progression while Tregs may inhibit this process and play a key role in the maintenance of immune homoeostasis, possibly at the cost of compromised viral control. In this review, we take respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections as examples to discuss these interplays and their impacts on disease progression in viral infection.
Author Lai, Yuhan
Peng, Xiaoping
Liu, Yao
Luo, Yuan
Zhou, Zhifeng
Zou, Wei
Wan, Zhikai
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Zhikai
  surname: Wan
  fullname: Wan, Zhikai
  organization: Medical College of Nanchang University
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Zhifeng
  surname: Zhou
  fullname: Zhou, Zhifeng
  organization: Medical College of Nanchang University
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Yao
  surname: Liu
  fullname: Liu, Yao
  organization: Medical College of Nanchang University
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Yuhan
  surname: Lai
  fullname: Lai, Yuhan
  organization: Medical College of Nanchang University
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Yuan
  surname: Luo
  fullname: Luo, Yuan
  organization: Medical College of Nanchang University
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Xiaoping
  surname: Peng
  fullname: Peng, Xiaoping
  email: ieeeif@hotmail.com, cdyfypxp@163.com
  organization: The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Wei
  orcidid: 0000-0003-1274-7534
  surname: Zou
  fullname: Zou, Wei
  email: ieeeif@hotmail.com, cdyfypxp@163.com
  organization: the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32090360$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp9kE1LAzEQhoNU7Ice_AOy4EUP22Yz3U2CJyl-VAqC1vOS7M5qyna3JrtK_72prR4KOpcZwjPDm6dPOlVdISGnER1GvkZuYYYRExwOSC-CJA6BCuiQHgVKQznmcZf0nVtQGgHjcES6wKikkNAeuXrC17ZUTW3XwTzIsCxdoKrcz29YrtAGEd-9mir4MFaVfigwa0xdHZPDQpUOT3Z9QF5ub-aT-3D2eDedXM_CDISAkDEtMkwwT4pYgopzpjn4UDIupFJCx4JnOM61AIyAAhNjLrlmUlOdCJQcBuRie3dl6_cWXZMujduEUhXWrUsZJP7DsRTSo-d76KJubeXTecqbYJKNqafOdlSrl5inK2uWyq7THy0euNwCma2ds1j8IhFNN8pTrzz9Vu7Z0R6bmUZt_DRWmfK_jU9T4vrv0-nzw3S78QV5ho5Q
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intimp_2023_110245
crossref_primary_10_3389_fgwh_2022_820759
crossref_primary_10_1089_vim_2022_0140
crossref_primary_10_2174_1389450123666220418094853
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10238_023_01181_3
crossref_primary_10_12677_acm_2024_1451545
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijbiomac_2024_135814
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2020_605666
crossref_primary_10_3390_v14020250
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijbiomac_2021_06_122
crossref_primary_10_2147_IJGM_S383558
crossref_primary_10_1111_sji_13193
crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_5538612
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms242417614
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2022_887892
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41392_023_01471_y
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2023_1089379
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bjid_2024_103866
crossref_primary_10_1089_vim_2020_0177
crossref_primary_10_1111_jvh_13635
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intimp_2020_107331
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jphs_2021_01_006
crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2023_1126311
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2021_747143
crossref_primary_10_1111_sji_12937
crossref_primary_10_3389_fcell_2021_614847
crossref_primary_10_1111_sji_12997
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12865_024_00605_3
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intimp_2023_110819
crossref_primary_10_1631_jzus_B2200054
crossref_primary_10_3390_tropicalmed8050284
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molliq_2023_123504
crossref_primary_10_1002_cbin_11806
crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_5545319
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms241512193
crossref_primary_10_3748_wjg_v30_i10_1295
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_livres_2023_04_002
crossref_primary_10_1002_cti2_1259
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2021_645653
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10787_022_01080_1
crossref_primary_10_1177_10406387241237192
crossref_primary_10_3390_v14020404
crossref_primary_10_2174_1573397116666201005122603
crossref_primary_10_3389_fviro_2022_863202
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12964_023_01266_2
crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_6122955
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intimp_2023_110728
Cites_doi 10.1084/jem.20082902
10.1186/s13000-019-0891-4
10.1073/pnas.0711106105
10.1159/000430197
10.1002/cyto.b.21352
10.1038/ng.2770
10.1038/ni1536
10.1089/vim.2016.0013
10.1016/j.micpath.2016.06.008
10.1038/pr.2015.143
10.3934/mbe.2013.10.1095
10.3748/wjg.v19.i26.4146
10.1164/rccm.200210-1148OC
10.1006/viro.2000.0393
10.1128/JVI.01715-09
10.1126/scitranslmed.3000448
10.1155/2013/986789
10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04435.x
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283344895
10.3389/fimmu.2019.00249
10.1007/s11904-007-0002-0
10.1186/1471-230X-12-43
10.1016/j.msard.2015.11.004
10.1002/eji.201242794
10.1089/dna.2016.3609
10.1182/blood-2008-05-159301
10.1038/ni.3004
10.1159/000436966
10.1038/pr.2016.130
10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20121253
10.1093/infdis/jix547
10.1128/JVI.01295-13
10.1084/jem.20030152
10.1371/journal.pone.0028118
10.1016/j.cyto.2012.06.288
10.1038/nature06878
10.1016/j.jhep.2009.12.013
10.1371/journal.pone.0027113
10.1182/blood-2004-01-0365
10.1182/blood-2005-04-1531
10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02690.x
10.1126/science.1160062
10.1038/mi.2009.90
10.1093/infdis/jiv014
10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.044
10.1038/nm1743
10.1038/nm1511
10.1159/000450949
10.1038/ni.1993
10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.090
10.1371/journal.pone.0101469
10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06782.x
10.1089/vim.2015.0062
10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.035
10.1038/emm.2017.132
10.1128/JVI.02245-14
10.1016/j.virol.2015.07.016
10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06154.x
10.1016/j.cyto.2016.12.012
10.1038/nature05970
10.1038/nature12297
10.1182/blood-2003-11-3900
10.1128/JVI.01838-13
10.1084/jem.20131459
10.1371/journal.pone.0151717
10.1371/journal.pone.0039307
10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.03.003
10.1128/JVI.02550-07
10.1016/j.immuni.2007.02.009
10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.021
10.1128/JVI.02869-15
10.1182/blood-2010-12-323162
10.1016/j.jaci.2015.06.034
10.1038/nature04753
10.1126/scitranslmed.3000632
10.1111/j.1399-3038.2010.01032.x
10.1371/journal.pone.0151083
10.1016/j.immuni.2006.01.001
10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.01.033
10.1016/j.virusres.2014.10.011
10.1371/journal.ppat.1002110
10.1182/blood-2006-04-016923
10.1038/16717
10.1371/journal.pone.0052657
10.1016/j.molmed.2007.01.003
10.1128/JVI.02643-10
10.1164/rccm.201311-1977LE
10.1128/JVI.00036-09
10.1111/imm.12400
10.1007/s00109-009-0457-0
10.1089/aid.2018.0184
10.1155/2013/852418
10.1038/nature04754
10.1016/j.imlet.2012.12.001
10.1016/j.immuni.2007.08.014
10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052206
10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01018.x
10.1128/JVI.00993-12
10.1371/journal.pone.0017988
10.1084/jem.20021633
10.7554/eLife.14023
10.1073/pnas.1204032109
10.1371/journal.pone.0112346
10.1038/mi.2011.62
10.1038/80833
10.1186/1742-4690-10-141
10.1186/s12967-017-1167-y
10.1097/QAD.0000000000001083
10.1111/jop.12765
10.1002/hep.20454
10.1189/jlb.2AB0613-342RR
10.1186/s12865-017-0235-7
10.1038/nrd4176
10.18632/oncotarget.22159
10.1371/journal.pone.0078146
10.1073/pnas.1812471116
10.1084/jem.20170523
10.1111/imm.12616
10.1016/j.clim.2012.09.012
10.1371/journal.ppat.1005995
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2020 The Scandinavian Foundation for Immunology
2020 The Scandinavian Foundation for Immunology.
Copyright © 2020 The Scandinavian Foundation for Immunology
Copyright_xml – notice: 2020 The Scandinavian Foundation for Immunology
– notice: 2020 The Scandinavian Foundation for Immunology.
– notice: Copyright © 2020 The Scandinavian Foundation for Immunology
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7QP
7QR
7T5
7TK
7U9
8FD
FR3
H94
K9.
M7N
NAPCQ
P64
7X8
DOI 10.1111/sji.12873
DatabaseName CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts
Chemoreception Abstracts
Immunology Abstracts
Neurosciences Abstracts
Virology and AIDS Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Engineering Research Database
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)
Nursing & Allied Health Premium
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
Nursing & Allied Health Premium
Virology and AIDS Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Chemoreception Abstracts
Immunology Abstracts
Engineering Research Database
Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts
Neurosciences Abstracts
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList Nursing & Allied Health Premium
MEDLINE
MEDLINE - Academic
CrossRef
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
Biology
EISSN 1365-3083
EndPage n/a
ExternalDocumentID 32090360
10_1111_sji_12873
SJI12873
Genre reviewArticle
Journal Article
Review
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: the Jiangxi Department of Science and Technology
  funderid: 20161ACB21016; 20171BCB23088; 20181ACH80002
– fundername: National Natural Science Foundation of China
  funderid: 81660279; 81701629
– fundername: the startup funding for the scholars studying and coming back from abroad from Ministry of Education, China
  funderid: 2015060020102070
– fundername: the Jiangxi Department of Science and Technology
  grantid: 20161ACB21016
– fundername: National Natural Science Foundation of China
  grantid: 81701629
– fundername: the Jiangxi Department of Science and Technology
  grantid: 20181ACH80002
– fundername: National Natural Science Foundation of China
  grantid: 81660279
– fundername: the startup funding for the scholars studying and coming back from abroad from Ministry of Education, China
  grantid: 2015060020102070
– fundername: the Jiangxi Department of Science and Technology
  grantid: 20171BCB23088
GroupedDBID ---
-~X
.3N
.55
.GA
.GJ
.Y3
05W
0R~
10A
123
1OB
1OC
24P
2WC
31~
33P
36B
3O-
3SF
4.4
50Y
50Z
51W
51X
52M
52N
52O
52P
52R
52S
52T
52U
52V
52W
52X
53G
5HH
5LA
5RE
5VS
66C
702
7PT
8-0
8-1
8-3
8-4
8-5
8UM
930
A01
A03
AAESR
AAEVG
AAHHS
AAHQN
AAIPD
AAMNL
AANHP
AANLZ
AAONW
AASGY
AAXRX
AAYCA
AAZKR
ABCQN
ABCUV
ABDBF
ABEML
ABJNI
ABOCM
ABPVW
ABQWH
ABXGK
ACAHQ
ACBWZ
ACCFJ
ACCZN
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACGOF
ACIWK
ACMXC
ACPOU
ACPRK
ACRPL
ACSCC
ACUHS
ACXBN
ACXQS
ACYXJ
ADBBV
ADBTR
ADEOM
ADIZJ
ADKYN
ADMGS
ADNMO
ADOZA
ADXAS
ADZMN
AEEZP
AEGXH
AEIGN
AEIMD
AENEX
AEQDE
AEUQT
AEUYR
AFBPY
AFEBI
AFFNX
AFFPM
AFGKR
AFPWT
AFRAH
AFWVQ
AFZJQ
AHBTC
AHEFC
AHMBA
AIACR
AIAGR
AITYG
AIURR
AIWBW
AJBDE
ALAGY
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ALUQN
ALVPJ
AMBMR
AMYDB
AOETA
ASPBG
ATUGU
AVWKF
AZBYB
AZFZN
AZVAB
BAFTC
BAWUL
BDRZF
BFHJK
BHBCM
BMXJE
BROTX
BRXPI
BY8
C45
CAG
COF
CS3
D-6
D-7
D-E
D-F
DC6
DCZOG
DIK
DPXWK
DR2
DRFUL
DRMAN
DRSTM
DU5
E3Z
EAD
EAP
EAS
EBC
EBD
EBS
EBX
EJD
EMB
EMK
EMOBN
EPT
ESX
EX3
F00
F01
F04
F5P
FEDTE
FIJ
FUBAC
FZ0
G-S
G.N
GODZA
H.X
HF~
HGLYW
HVGLF
HZI
HZ~
IH2
IHE
IPNFZ
IX1
J0M
J5H
K48
KBYEO
LATKE
LC2
LC3
LEEKS
LH4
LITHE
LOXES
LP6
LP7
LUTES
LW6
LYRES
MEWTI
MK4
MRFUL
MRMAN
MRSTM
MSFUL
MSMAN
MSSTM
MXFUL
MXMAN
MXSTM
N04
N05
N9A
NF~
O66
O9-
OBS
OHT
OIG
OK1
OVD
P2P
P2W
P2X
P2Z
P4B
P4D
PALCI
PQQKQ
Q.N
Q11
QB0
Q~Q
R.K
RIWAO
RJQFR
ROL
RX1
SAMSI
SUPJJ
SV3
TEORI
TUS
UB1
V8K
W8V
W99
WBKPD
WH7
WHWMO
WIH
WIJ
WIK
WIN
WOHZO
WOW
WQJ
WRC
WUP
WVDHM
WXI
WXSBR
X7M
XG1
Y6R
YFH
YOC
YUY
ZGI
ZXP
ZZTAW
~IA
~KM
~WT
AAYXX
AEYWJ
AGHNM
AGQPQ
AGYGG
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7QP
7QR
7T5
7TK
7U9
8FD
AAMMB
AEFGJ
AGXDD
AIDQK
AIDYY
FR3
H94
K9.
M7N
NAPCQ
P64
7X8
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c3883-22b8ce6ed6f593a5d2b7347595f9aa8b587ce4db83e1303284797b29b0b68e973
IEDL.DBID DR2
ISSN 0300-9475
1365-3083
IngestDate Fri Jul 11 15:11:55 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 25 19:31:38 EDT 2025
Wed Feb 19 02:30:03 EST 2025
Tue Jul 01 03:57:00 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:51:35 EDT 2025
Wed Jan 22 16:35:43 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 5
Keywords T helper 17 cells (Th17 cells)
regulatory T cells (Tregs)
viral infection
Language English
License 2020 The Scandinavian Foundation for Immunology.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c3883-22b8ce6ed6f593a5d2b7347595f9aa8b587ce4db83e1303284797b29b0b68e973
Notes Funding information
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81660279 and 81701629) (Wei Zou); the Jiangxi Department of Science and Technology (Nos. 20161ACB21016, 20171BCB23088 and 20181ACH80002) (Wei Zou); and the start‐up funding for the scholars studying and coming back from abroad from the Ministry of Education, China (No. 2015060020102070) (Wei Zou).
ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0003-1274-7534
OpenAccessLink https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/sji.12873
PMID 32090360
PQID 2394729240
PQPubID 37516
PageCount 14
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_2363085989
proquest_journals_2394729240
pubmed_primary_32090360
crossref_primary_10_1111_sji_12873
crossref_citationtrail_10_1111_sji_12873
wiley_primary_10_1111_sji_12873_SJI12873
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate May 2020
2020-05-00
2020-May
20200501
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2020-05-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 05
  year: 2020
  text: May 2020
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace England
PublicationPlace_xml – name: England
– name: Oxford
PublicationTitle Scandinavian journal of immunology
PublicationTitleAlternate Scand J Immunol
PublicationYear 2020
Publisher Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Publisher_xml – name: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
References 2015; 78
2009; 87
2011; 117
2009; 83
2019; 10
2015; 144
2013; 126
2019; 14
2016; 30
2008; 105
2016; 148
2013; 8
2012; 12
2018; 48
2018; 47
2015; 89
2010; 25
2010; 24
2013; 2013
2006; 24
2015; 136
2005; 105
2005; 106
2007; 8
2014; 15
2014; 13
2007; 4
2012; 27
2014; 96
2008; 112
2010; 2
2003; 168
2006; 441
2011; 241
2007; 448
2004; 40
2013; 87
2019; 35
2015; 485
2016; 97
2008; 123
2018; 22
2011; 6
2007; 13
2011; 7
2018; 25
2012; 109
2016; 12
2016; 11
2015; 195
2016; 5
2006; 108
2011; 85
2016; 171
2016; 29
2010; 52
2012; 60
2015; 36
2017; 8
2017; 49
1950; 2006
1950; 2008
2011; 12
2000; 1
1950; 2005
2003; 198
2014; 211
2003; 197
2013; 19
2016; 90
2013; 10
2017; 36
2015; 212
2017; 35
2019; 116
2011; 22
1950; 2014
2016; 80
1950; 2015
1950; 2010
2009; 206
2014; 9
2006; 126
1950; 2011
2007; 26
2011; 165
2007; 27
2015; 162
2011; 179
2012; 143
2004; 104
2012; 145
2006; 12
2013; 43
2013; 45
2013; 149
2015; 167
2017; 21
2008; 14
2008; 15
1999; 2011
2000; 273
2008; 322
2015; 8
2017; 214
2010; 84
2017; 216
2015; 28
2017; 91
2017; 15
2017; 16
2013; 499
2014; 184
2017; 18
1999; 397
2008; 453
2012; 7
2009; 2
2012; 5
2008; 82
2012; 86
2014; 189
e_1_2_9_75_1
e_1_2_9_52_1
e_1_2_9_79_1
e_1_2_9_10_1
e_1_2_9_56_1
Chrobak P (e_1_2_9_111_1) 1950; 2014
e_1_2_9_33_1
e_1_2_9_71_1
Barron L (e_1_2_9_40_1) 1950; 2010
e_1_2_9_126_1
e_1_2_9_122_1
e_1_2_9_14_1
e_1_2_9_141_1
e_1_2_9_37_1
e_1_2_9_18_1
Hassan MA (e_1_2_9_54_1) 2008; 15
e_1_2_9_64_1
e_1_2_9_87_1
e_1_2_9_22_1
e_1_2_9_45_1
e_1_2_9_68_1
e_1_2_9_83_1
Chen Q (e_1_2_9_41_1) 1950; 2011
e_1_2_9_6_1
Guilloteau K (e_1_2_9_26_1) 1950; 2010
e_1_2_9_119_1
e_1_2_9_60_1
e_1_2_9_2_1
e_1_2_9_138_1
e_1_2_9_134_1
e_1_2_9_115_1
e_1_2_9_49_1
e_1_2_9_130_1
e_1_2_9_30_1
e_1_2_9_53_1
e_1_2_9_99_1
Boniface K (e_1_2_9_25_1) 1950; 2005
e_1_2_9_72_1
e_1_2_9_11_1
e_1_2_9_34_1
e_1_2_9_95_1
Brandt L (e_1_2_9_102_1) 1999; 2011
e_1_2_9_91_1
Hsu P (e_1_2_9_107_1) 1950; 2015
e_1_2_9_129_1
e_1_2_9_106_1
e_1_2_9_125_1
e_1_2_9_15_1
e_1_2_9_38_1
e_1_2_9_140_1
e_1_2_9_19_1
e_1_2_9_42_1
e_1_2_9_61_1
e_1_2_9_46_1
e_1_2_9_84_1
e_1_2_9_23_1
e_1_2_9_65_1
e_1_2_9_80_1
e_1_2_9_5_1
e_1_2_9_114_1
e_1_2_9_137_1
e_1_2_9_118_1
e_1_2_9_133_1
Gao M (e_1_2_9_57_1) 2017; 16
e_1_2_9_9_1
e_1_2_9_27_1
e_1_2_9_69_1
e_1_2_9_110_1
e_1_2_9_31_1
e_1_2_9_50_1
Meng F (e_1_2_9_94_1) 2012; 143
e_1_2_9_35_1
e_1_2_9_77_1
e_1_2_9_96_1
e_1_2_9_12_1
e_1_2_9_92_1
e_1_2_9_109_1
e_1_2_9_101_1
e_1_2_9_128_1
e_1_2_9_105_1
e_1_2_9_124_1
e_1_2_9_39_1
e_1_2_9_120_1
e_1_2_9_16_1
e_1_2_9_58_1
Bera MM (e_1_2_9_73_1) 1950; 2011
e_1_2_9_20_1
e_1_2_9_24_1
e_1_2_9_43_1
e_1_2_9_66_1
e_1_2_9_85_1
e_1_2_9_8_1
e_1_2_9_81_1
e_1_2_9_4_1
Wang WH (e_1_2_9_103_1) 2013; 126
Antons AK (e_1_2_9_121_1) 1950; 2008
Rowan AG (e_1_2_9_89_1) 1950; 2008
e_1_2_9_113_1
Weiss EM (e_1_2_9_123_1) 1950; 2011
e_1_2_9_117_1
e_1_2_9_136_1
e_1_2_9_47_1
Fulton RB (e_1_2_9_62_1) 1950; 2010
e_1_2_9_132_1
e_1_2_9_74_1
e_1_2_9_51_1
e_1_2_9_78_1
e_1_2_9_13_1
e_1_2_9_55_1
e_1_2_9_97_1
Komiyama Y (e_1_2_9_32_1) 1950; 2006
e_1_2_9_93_1
e_1_2_9_108_1
e_1_2_9_70_1
Abou El‐Khier NT (e_1_2_9_88_1) 2018; 25
e_1_2_9_127_1
e_1_2_9_100_1
e_1_2_9_104_1
e_1_2_9_17_1
e_1_2_9_36_1
e_1_2_9_59_1
e_1_2_9_142_1
Feng H (e_1_2_9_76_1) 2015; 8
e_1_2_9_63_1
e_1_2_9_21_1
e_1_2_9_67_1
e_1_2_9_44_1
e_1_2_9_86_1
e_1_2_9_7_1
e_1_2_9_82_1
Nyirenda MH (e_1_2_9_90_1) 1950; 2011
e_1_2_9_3_1
e_1_2_9_112_1
e_1_2_9_139_1
Hirota K (e_1_2_9_28_1) 2018; 48
e_1_2_9_116_1
e_1_2_9_135_1
Fabre T (e_1_2_9_98_1) 1950; 2014
e_1_2_9_131_1
e_1_2_9_48_1
e_1_2_9_29_1
References_xml – volume: 27
  start-page: 635
  year: 2007
  end-page: 646
  article-title: Granzyme B and perforin are important for regulatory T cell‐mediated suppression of tumor clearance
  publication-title: Immunity
– volume: 198
  start-page: 1875
  year: 2003
  end-page: 1886
  article-title: Conversion of peripheral CD4+CD25‐ naive T cells to CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells by TGF‐beta induction of transcription factor Foxp3
  publication-title: J Exp Med
– volume: 90
  start-page: 7833
  year: 2016
  end-page: 7847
  article-title: Human Th17 cells lack HIV‐inhibitory RNases and are highly permissive to productive HIV infection
  publication-title: J Virol
– volume: 2005
  start-page: 3695
  issue: 174
  year: 1950
  end-page: 3702
  article-title: IL‐22 inhibits epidermal differentiation and induces proinflammatory gene expression and migration of human keratinocytes
  publication-title: J Immunol
– volume: 22
  start-page: 2642
  year: 2018
  end-page: 2653
  article-title: IL‐23 and IL‐1beta drive human Th17 cell differentiation and metabolic reprogramming in absence of CD28 costimulation
  publication-title: Cell Reports
– volume: 10
  start-page: 141
  year: 2013
  article-title: Immune quiescence: a model of protection against HIV infection
  publication-title: Retrovirology
– volume: 25
  start-page: 750
  year: 2010
  end-page: 757
  article-title: Circulating Th17 cells frequency is associated with the disease progression in HBV infected patients
  publication-title: J Gastroenterol Hepatol
– volume: 179
  start-page: 248
  year: 2011
  end-page: 258
  article-title: IL‐17‐induced pulmonary pathogenesis during respiratory viral infection and exacerbation of allergic disease
  publication-title: Am J Pathol
– volume: 13
  start-page: 108
  year: 2007
  end-page: 116
  article-title: Natural regulatory T cells: mechanisms of suppression
  publication-title: Trends Mol Med
– volume: 397
  start-page: 263
  year: 1999
  end-page: 266
  article-title: ICOS is an inducible T‐cell co‐stimulator structurally and functionally related to CD28
  publication-title: Nature
– volume: 211
  start-page: 529
  year: 2014
  end-page: 543
  article-title: Itk‐mediated integration of T cell receptor and cytokine signaling regulates the balance between Th17 and regulatory T cells
  publication-title: J Exp Med
– volume: 117
  start-page: 5372
  year: 2011
  end-page: 5380
  article-title: Regulatory T cells control HIV replication in activated T cells through a cAMP‐dependent mechanism
  publication-title: Blood
– volume: 45
  start-page: 1353
  year: 2013
  end-page: 1360
  article-title: Analysis of immune‐related loci identifies 48 new susceptibility variants for multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Nat Genetics
– volume: 96
  start-page: 571
  year: 2014
  end-page: 577
  article-title: Hepatocytes induce Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells by Notch signaling
  publication-title: J Leukocyte Biol
– volume: 8
  start-page: 102835
  year: 2017
  end-page: 102851
  article-title: Regulatory T cells characterized by low Id3 expression are highly suppressive and accumulate during chronic infection
  publication-title: Oncotarget
– volume: 322
  start-page: 271
  year: 2008
  end-page: 275
  article-title: CTLA‐4 control over Foxp3+ regulatory T cell function
  publication-title: Science (New York, NY)
– volume: 112
  start-page: 2826
  year: 2008
  end-page: 2835
  article-title: Differential Th17 CD4 T‐cell depletion in pathogenic and nonpathogenic lentiviral infections
  publication-title: Blood
– volume: 104
  start-page: 3249
  year: 2004
  end-page: 3256
  article-title: Human immunodeficiency virus‐driven expansion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, which suppress HIV‐specific CD4 T‐cell responses in HIV‐infected patients
  publication-title: Blood
– volume: 105
  start-page: 735
  year: 2005
  end-page: 741
  article-title: Functional defect of regulatory CD4(+)CD25+ T cells in the thymus of patients with autoimmune myasthenia gravis
  publication-title: Blood
– volume: 448
  start-page: 484
  year: 2007
  end-page: 487
  article-title: IL‐21 initiates an alternative pathway to induce proinflammatory T(H)17 cells
  publication-title: Nature
– volume: 2008
  start-page: 4485
  issue: 181
  year: 1950
  end-page: 4494
  article-title: Hepatitis C virus‐specific Th17 cells are suppressed by virus‐induced TGF‐beta
  publication-title: J Immunol
– volume: 9
  year: 2014
  article-title: Differentiation of Th subsets inhibited by nonstructural proteins of respiratory syncytial virus is mediated by ubiquitination
  publication-title: PloS One
– volume: 2008
  start-page: 764
  issue: 180
  year: 1950
  end-page: 773
  article-title: Naive precursors of human regulatory T cells require FoxP3 for suppression and are susceptible to HIV infection
  publication-title: J Immunol
– volume: 14
  start-page: 114
  year: 2019
  article-title: Treg/Th17 imbalance and its clinical significance in patients with hepatitis B‐associated liver cirrhosis
  publication-title: Diagnostic Pathol
– volume: 216
  start-page: 1579
  year: 2017
  end-page: 1591
  article-title: Regulatory T cells contribute to HIV‐1 reservoir persistence in CD4+ t cells through cyclic adenosine monophosphate‐dependent mechanisms in humanized mice in vivo
  publication-title: J Infect Dis
– volume: 12
  start-page: 43
  year: 2012
  article-title: Changes of Treg and Th17 cells balance in the development of acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection
  publication-title: BMC Gastroenterol
– volume: 11
  year: 2016
  article-title: Bovine gamma delta T Cells contribute to exacerbated IL‐17 production in response to co‐infection with bovine RSV and Mannheimia haemolytica
  publication-title: PloS one
– volume: 126
  start-page: 2054
  year: 2013
  end-page: 2061
  article-title: High frequency of regulatory T cells among HIV type 1‐infected men who have sex with men correlates with disease progression
  publication-title: Chin Med J
– volume: 78
  start-page: 483
  year: 2015
  end-page: 491
  article-title: The role of Th17 and Treg responses in the pathogenesis of RSV infection
  publication-title: Pediatric Res
– volume: 2
  start-page: 55ra78
  issue: 55
  year: 2010
  end-page: 55ra78
  article-title: The inducible costimulator (ICOS) is critical for the development of human TH17 cells
  publication-title: Sci Translat Med
– volume: 136
  start-page: 838
  year: 2015
  end-page: 847
  article-title: Neutrophils in respiratory syncytial virus infection: A target for asthma prevention
  publication-title: J All Clin Immunol
– volume: 24
  start-page: 179
  year: 2006
  end-page: 189
  article-title: TGFbeta in the context of an inflammatory cytokine milieu supports de novo differentiation of IL‐17‐producing T cells
  publication-title: Immunity
– volume: 85
  start-page: 5880
  year: 2011
  end-page: 5888
  article-title: CD4+ T cells, including Th17 and cycling subsets, are intact in the gut mucosa of HIV‐1‐infected long‐term nonprogressors
  publication-title: J Virol
– volume: 126
  start-page: 1121
  year: 2006
  end-page: 1133
  article-title: The orphan nuclear receptor RORgammat directs the differentiation program of proinflammatory IL‐17+ T helper cells
  publication-title: Cell
– volume: 4
  start-page: 10
  year: 2007
  end-page: 15
  article-title: Pathogenesis of HIV in the gastrointestinal tract
  publication-title: Curr HIV/AIDS Rep
– volume: 91
  start-page: 110
  year: 2017
  end-page: 117
  article-title: CD4(+)IL‐21(+)T cells are correlated with regulatory T cells and IL‐21 promotes regulatory T cells survival during HIV infection
  publication-title: Cytokine
– volume: 7
  year: 2011
  article-title: CD39/adenosine pathway is involved in AIDS progression
  publication-title: PLoS Pathogens
– volume: 2
  start-page: 439
  year: 2009
  end-page: 449
  article-title: Alpha4(+)beta7(hi)CD4(+) memory T cells harbor most Th‐17 cells and are preferentially infected during acute SIV infection
  publication-title: Mucosal Immunol
– volume: 441
  start-page: 235
  year: 2006
  end-page: 238
  article-title: Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells
  publication-title: Nature
– volume: 2014
  start-page: 3925
  issue: 193
  year: 1950
  end-page: 3933
  article-title: IL‐17A enhances the expression of profibrotic genes through upregulation of the TGF‐beta receptor on hepatic stellate cells in a JNK‐dependent manner
  publication-title: J Immunol
– volume: 12
  start-page: 255
  year: 2011
  end-page: 263
  article-title: Fate mapping of IL‐17‐producing T cells in inflammatory responses
  publication-title: Nat Immunol
– volume: 22
  start-page: 229
  year: 2011
  end-page: 234
  article-title: Changes in helper lymphocyte chemokine receptor expression and elevation of IP‐10 during acute respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants
  publication-title: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
– volume: 214
  start-page: 3381
  year: 2017
  end-page: 3398
  article-title: PTEN drives Th17 cell differentiation by preventing IL‐2 production
  publication-title: J Exp Med
– volume: 195
  start-page: 162
  year: 2015
  end-page: 171
  article-title: Galectin‐9 ameliorates respiratory syncytial virus‐induced pulmonary immunopathology through regulating the balance between Th17 and regulatory T cells
  publication-title: Virus Res
– volume: 144
  start-page: 506
  year: 2015
  end-page: 517
  article-title: Amphiregulin promotes the immunosuppressive activity of intrahepatic CD4(+) regulatory T cells to impair CD8(+) T‐cell immunity against hepatitis B virus infection
  publication-title: Immunology
– volume: 27
  start-page: 273
  year: 2012
  end-page: 278
  article-title: Th17 cells are increased with severity of liver inflammation in patients with chronic hepatitis C
  publication-title: J Gastroenterol Hepatol
– volume: 21
  start-page: 1853
  year: 2017
  end-page: 1869
  article-title: Reciprocal expression of IL‐35 and IL‐10 defines two distinct effector treg subsets that are required for maintenance of immune tolerance
  publication-title: Cell Rep
– volume: 2010
  start-page: 2382
  issue: 185
  year: 1950
  end-page: 2392
  article-title: Foxp3+ CD4 regulatory T cells limit pulmonary immunopathology by modulating the CD8 T cell response during respiratory syncytial virus infection
  publication-title: J Immunol
– volume: 2011
  start-page: 2278
  issue: 187
  year: 1950
  end-page: 2290
  article-title: TLR2 stimulation drives human naive and effector regulatory T cells into a Th17‐like phenotype with reduced suppressive function
  publication-title: J Immunol
– volume: 149
  start-page: 41
  year: 2013
  end-page: 49
  article-title: Increased Th17 cells and interleukin‐17 contribute to immune activation and disease aggravation in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
  publication-title: Immunol Lett
– volume: 2011
  start-page: 1684
  issue: 187
  year: 1950
  end-page: 1691
  article-title: Foxp3‐mediated suppression of CD95L expression confers resistance to activation‐induced cell death in regulatory T cells
  publication-title: J Immunol
– volume: 168
  start-page: 633
  year: 2003
  end-page: 639
  article-title: Type 1 and type 2 cytokine imbalance in acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis
  publication-title: Am J Resp Crit Care Med
– volume: 2013
  start-page: 986789
  year: 2013
  article-title: Th17 cells in immunity and autoimmunity
  publication-title: Clin Dev Immunol
– volume: 273
  start-page: 210
  year: 2000
  end-page: 218
  article-title: Recombinant respiratory syncytial viruses with deletions in the NS1, NS2, SH, and M2–2 genes are attenuated in vitro and in vivo
  publication-title: Virology
– volume: 453
  start-page: 236
  year: 2008
  end-page: 240
  article-title: TGF‐beta‐induced Foxp3 inhibits T(H)17 cell differentiation by antagonizing RORgammat function
  publication-title: Nature
– volume: 15
  start-page: 1070
  year: 2014
  end-page: 1078
  article-title: Continuous requirement for the TCR in regulatory T cell function
  publication-title: Nat Immunol
– volume: 441
  start-page: 231
  year: 2006
  end-page: 234
  article-title: Transforming growth factor‐beta induces development of the T(H)17 lineage
  publication-title: Nature
– volume: 5
  year: 2016
  article-title: Notch1 regulated autophagy controls survival and suppressor activity of activated murine T‐regulatory cells
  publication-title: eLife
– volume: 109
  start-page: 14122
  year: 2012
  end-page: 14127
  article-title: Activation of the noncanonical NF‐kappaB pathway by HIV controls a dendritic cell immunoregulatory phenotype
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
– volume: 12
  start-page: 1365
  year: 2006
  end-page: 1371
  article-title: Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection
  publication-title: Nat Med
– volume: 87
  start-page: 523
  year: 2009
  end-page: 536
  article-title: IL‐22 and IL‐20 are key mediators of the epidermal alterations in psoriasis while IL‐17 and IFN‐gamma are not
  publication-title: J Mol Med
– volume: 14
  start-page: 421
  year: 2008
  end-page: 428
  article-title: Simian immunodeficiency virus‐induced mucosal interleukin‐17 deficiency promotes Salmonella dissemination from the gut
  publication-title: Nat Med
– volume: 40
  start-page: 1062
  year: 2004
  end-page: 1071
  article-title: An immunomodulatory role for CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T lymphocytes in hepatitis C virus infection
  publication-title: Hepatology
– volume: 2010
  start-page: 5263
  issue: 184
  year: 1950
  end-page: 5270
  article-title: Skin inflammation induced by the synergistic action of IL‐17A, IL‐22, oncostatin M, IL‐1{alpha}, and TNF‐{alpha} recapitulates some features of psoriasis
  publication-title: J Immunol
– volume: 485
  start-page: 223
  year: 2015
  end-page: 232
  article-title: Respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural proteins 1 and 2 are crucial pathogenic factors that modulate interferon signaling and Treg cell distribution in mice
  publication-title: Virology
– volume: 6
  year: 2011
  article-title: Activation of lymphocytes induced by bronchial epithelial cells with prolonged RSV infection
  publication-title: PloS One
– volume: 2015
  start-page: 3665
  issue: 195
  year: 1950
  end-page: 3674
  article-title: IL‐10 Potentiates Differentiation of Human Induced Regulatory T Cells via STAT3 and Foxo1
  publication-title: J Immunol
– volume: 10
  start-page: 1095
  year: 2013
  end-page: 1133
  article-title: Regulation of Th1/Th2 cells in asthma development: a mathematical model
  publication-title: Math Bioscience Eng
– volume: 48
  start-page: e5
  issue: 1220–32
  year: 2018
  article-title: Autoimmune Th17 cells induced synovial stromal and innate lymphoid cell secretion of the cytokine GM‐CSF to initiate and augment autoimmune arthritis
  publication-title: Immunity
– volume: 5
  start-page: 73
  year: 2016
  end-page: 76
  article-title: Regulatory T cell number in multiple sclerosis patients: A meta‐analysis
  publication-title: Mult Sclerosis Related Disord
– volume: 8
  start-page: 8674
  year: 2015
  end-page: 8685
  article-title: Regulatory T cells and IL‐17(+) T helper cells enhanced in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
  publication-title: Int J Clin Exp Med
– volume: 35
  start-page: 501
  year: 2017
  end-page: 532
  article-title: Protective and Harmful Immunity to RSV Infection
  publication-title: Ann Rev Immunol
– volume: 206
  start-page: 2527
  year: 2009
  end-page: 2541
  article-title: A hypomorphic allele of ZAP‐70 reveals a distinct thymic threshold for autoimmune disease versus autoimmune reactivity
  publication-title: J Exp Med
– volume: 2011
  start-page: 101
  issue: 57
  year: 1999
  end-page: 108
  article-title: Low level of regulatory T cells and maintenance of balance between regulatory T cells and TH17 cells in HIV‐1‐infected elite controllers
  publication-title: J Acquired Imm Deficien Syndrom
– volume: 19
  start-page: 4146
  year: 2013
  end-page: 4154
  article-title: Restoring the Treg cell to Th17 cell ratio may alleviate HBV‐related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
  publication-title: World J Gastroenterol
– volume: 26
  start-page: 371
  year: 2007
  end-page: 381
  article-title: Interleukin‐2 signaling via STAT5 constrains T helper 17 cell generation
  publication-title: Immunity
– volume: 189
  start-page: 865
  year: 2014
  end-page: 868
  article-title: Depletion of circulating regulatory T cells during severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children
  publication-title: Am J Resp Crit Care Med
– volume: 212
  start-page: 44
  year: 2015
  end-page: 56
  article-title: Immediate T‐helper 17 polarization upon triggering CD11b/c on HIV‐exposed dendritic cells
  publication-title: J Infect Dis
– volume: 1
  start-page: 398
  year: 2000
  end-page: 401
  article-title: Pattern recognition receptors TLR4 and CD14 mediate response to respiratory syncytial virus
  publication-title: Nat Immunol
– volume: 87
  start-page: 10843
  year: 2013
  end-page: 10854
  article-title: Preferential HIV infection of CCR6+ Th17 cells is associated with higher levels of virus receptor expression and lack of CCR5 ligands
  publication-title: J Virol
– volume: 171
  start-page: 141
  year: 2016
  end-page: 154
  article-title: Disease manifestation and inflammatory activity as modulators of Th17/Treg balance and RORC/FoxP3 methylation in systemic sclerosis
  publication-title: Int Archives All Immunol
– volume: 2014
  start-page: 1681
  issue: 192
  year: 1950
  end-page: 1692
  article-title: Nef expression favors the relative preservation of CD4+ T regulatory cells that retain some important suppressive functions
  publication-title: J Immunol
– volume: 30
  start-page: 1521
  year: 2016
  end-page: 1531
  article-title: Expansion of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells promotes differentiation of regulatory T cells in HIV‐1+ individuals
  publication-title: AIDS
– volume: 7
  year: 2012
  article-title: Anti‐chlamydial Th17 responses are controlled by the inducible costimulator partially through phosphoinositide 3‐kinase signaling
  publication-title: PloS One
– volume: 2010
  start-page: 6426
  issue: 185
  year: 1950
  end-page: 6430
  article-title: Cutting edge: mechanisms of IL‐2‐dependent maintenance of functional regulatory T cells
  publication-title: J Immunol
– volume: 52
  start-page: 315
  year: 2010
  end-page: 321
  article-title: Abundant numbers of regulatory T cells localize to the liver of chronic hepatitis C infected patients and limit the extent of fibrosis
  publication-title: J Hepatol
– volume: 2011
  start-page: 6329
  issue: 186
  year: 1950
  end-page: 6337
  article-title: IL‐2 controls the stability of Foxp3 expression in TGF‐beta‐induced Foxp3+ T cells in vivo
  publication-title: J Immunol
– volume: 6
  year: 2011
  article-title: Intracerebral human regulatory T cells: analysis of CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ T cells in brain lesions and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients
  publication-title: PloS One
– volume: 143
  start-page: e3
  issue: 765–76
  year: 2012
  article-title: Interleukin‐17 signaling in inflammatory, Kupffer cells, and hepatic stellate cells exacerbates liver fibrosis in mice
  publication-title: Gastroenterology
– volume: 89
  start-page: 2112
  year: 2015
  end-page: 2120
  article-title: Regulatory T cells resist virus infection‐induced apoptosis
  publication-title: J Virol
– volume: 36
  start-page: 311
  year: 2017
  end-page: 320
  article-title: Notch signaling modulates the balance of regulatory T cells and T helper 17 cells in patients with chronic hepatitis C
  publication-title: DNA Cell Biol
– volume: 47
  start-page: 847
  year: 2018
  end-page: 855
  article-title: Upregulation of IL‐6 expression in human salivary gland cell line by IL‐17 via activation of p38 MAPK, ERK, PI3K/Akt, and NF‐kappaB pathways
  publication-title: J Oral Pathol Med
– volume: 18
  start-page: 50
  year: 2017
  article-title: Helios + Regulatory T cell frequencies are correlated with control of viral replication and recovery of absolute CD4 T cells counts in early HIV‐1 infection
  publication-title: BMC Immunol
– volume: 8
  start-page: 1353
  year: 2007
  end-page: 1362
  article-title: CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells induce cytokine deprivation‐mediated apoptosis of effector CD4+ T cells
  publication-title: Nat Immunol
– volume: 162
  start-page: 1078
  year: 2015
  end-page: 1089
  article-title: A distinct function of regulatory T cells in tissue protection
  publication-title: Cell
– volume: 15
  start-page: 75
  year: 2017
  article-title: Levels of hepatic Th17 cells and regulatory T cells upregulated by hepatic stellate cells in advanced HBV‐related liver fibrosis
  publication-title: J Translation Med
– volume: 2013
  start-page: 852418
  year: 2013
  article-title: Loss and dysregulation of Th17 cells during HIV infection
  publication-title: Clin Dev Immunol
– volume: 24
  start-page: 491
  year: 2010
  end-page: 502
  article-title: HIV‐1 infection is characterized by profound depletion of CD161+ Th17 cells and gradual decline in regulatory T cells
  publication-title: AIDS
– volume: 499
  start-page: 485
  year: 2013
  end-page: 490
  article-title: mTORC1 couples immune signals and metabolic programming to establish T(reg)‐cell function
  publication-title: Nature
– volume: 28
  start-page: 418
  year: 2015
  end-page: 424
  article-title: Expression of PD‐L1 on CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells of patients with chronic HBV infection and its correlation with clinical parameters
  publication-title: Viral Immunol
– volume: 116
  start-page: 6298
  year: 2019
  end-page: 6307
  article-title: Microenvironment tailors nTreg structure and function
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
– volume: 97
  start-page: 125
  year: 2016
  end-page: 130
  article-title: The comparison of Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17 and Th22 cytokine profiles in acute and chronic HIV‐1 infection
  publication-title: Microbial Pathogene
– volume: 90
  start-page: 486
  year: 2016
  end-page: 492
  article-title: Parallel assessment of Th17 cell frequencies by surface marker co‐expression versus ex vivo IL‐17 production in HIV‐1 infection
  publication-title: Cytometry Part B Clin Cytomet
– volume: 9
  year: 2014
  article-title: Normocaloric low cholesterol diet modulates Th17/Treg balance in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
  publication-title: PloS one
– volume: 241
  start-page: 260
  year: 2011
  end-page: 268
  article-title: Regulatory T cells and Foxp3
  publication-title: Immunolog Rev
– volume: 10
  start-page: 249
  year: 2019
  article-title: Molecular basis of the differentiation and function of virus specific follicular helper CD4(+) T cells
  publication-title: Front Immunol
– volume: 105
  start-page: 10113
  year: 2008
  end-page: 10118
  article-title: Foxp3+ natural regulatory T cells preferentially form aggregates on dendritic cells in vitro and actively inhibit their maturation
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
– volume: 43
  start-page: 705
  year: 2013
  end-page: 715
  article-title: ICOS controls Foxp3(+) regulatory T‐cell expansion, maintenance and IL‐10 production during helminth infection
  publication-title: Eur J Immunol
– volume: 16
  start-page: 386
  year: 2017
  end-page: 395
  article-title: The changes of Th17/Treg and related cytokines: IL‐17, IL‐23, IL‐10, and TGF‐beta in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis rat model
  publication-title: Iran J All Asthma Immunol
– volume: 148
  start-page: 377
  year: 2016
  end-page: 386
  article-title: Hepatitis C virus‐induced myeloid‐derived suppressor cells regulate T‐cell differentiation and function via the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway
  publication-title: Immunology
– volume: 2
  start-page: 32ra6
  year: 2010
  article-title: Tryptophan catabolism by indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 alters the balance of TH17 to regulatory T cells in HIV disease
  publication-title: Sci Translat Med
– volume: 7
  year: 2012
  article-title: Significance of the balance between regulatory T (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells during hepatitis B virus related liver fibrosis
  publication-title: PloS One
– volume: 5
  start-page: 161
  year: 2012
  end-page: 172
  article-title: Regulatory T cells expressing granzyme B play a critical role in controlling lung inflammation during acute viral infection
  publication-title: Mucosal Immunol
– volume: 84
  start-page: 3259
  year: 2010
  end-page: 3269
  article-title: Gut mucosal FOXP3+ regulatory CD4+ T cells and Nonregulatory CD4+ T cells are differentially affected by simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus macaques
  publication-title: J Virol
– volume: 25
  start-page: 61
  year: 2018
  end-page: 74
  article-title: Th17 and IL‐17 as predictors of hepatic inflammation in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and treated with direct antiviral therapy
  publication-title: Egyptian J Immunol
– volume: 15
  start-page: 153
  year: 2008
  end-page: 160
  article-title: T‐helper2 /T‐helper1 imbalance in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in relation to disease severity and outcome
  publication-title: Egyptian J Immunol
– volume: 80
  start-page: 702
  year: 2016
  end-page: 709
  article-title: Altered Treg and cytokine responses in RSV‐infected infants
  publication-title: Pediatric Res
– volume: 86
  start-page: 10262
  year: 2012
  end-page: 10269
  article-title: Homeostasis and function of regulatory T cells in HIV/SIV infection
  publication-title: J Virol
– volume: 106
  start-page: 3068
  year: 2005
  end-page: 3073
  article-title: CD4+CD25+ regulatory T‐cell lines from human cord blood have functional and molecular properties of T‐cell anergy
  publication-title: Blood
– volume: 60
  start-page: 55
  year: 2012
  end-page: 63
  article-title: HIV‐1 diseases progression associated with loss of Th17 cells in subtype 'C' infection
  publication-title: Cytokine
– volume: 197
  start-page: 403
  year: 2003
  end-page: 411
  article-title: Regulatory T cells selectively express toll‐like receptors and are activated by lipopolysaccharide
  publication-title: J Exp Med
– volume: 11
  year: 2016
  article-title: Characterization of the Treg response in the hepatitis B virus hydrodynamic injection mouse model
  publication-title: PloS One
– volume: 83
  start-page: 3019
  year: 2009
  end-page: 3028
  article-title: Regulatory T cells promote early influx of CD8+ T cells in the lungs of respiratory syncytial virus‐infected mice and diminish immunodominance disparities
  publication-title: J Virol
– volume: 8
  year: 2013
  article-title: Distinct tryptophan catabolism and Th17/Treg balance in HIV progressors and elite controllers
  publication-title: PloS One
– volume: 35
  start-page: 295
  year: 2019
  end-page: 305
  article-title: Mucosal T helper 17 and T regulatory cell homeostasis correlate with acute simian immunodeficiency virus viremia and responsiveness to antiretroviral therapy in macaques
  publication-title: AIDS Res Hum Retrovirus
– volume: 29
  start-page: 322
  year: 2016
  end-page: 331
  article-title: Toll‐like receptor 2 modulates the balance of regulatory T cells and T helper 17 cells in chronic hepatitis C
  publication-title: Viral Immunol
– volume: 13
  start-page: 21
  year: 2014
  end-page: 38
  article-title: Therapeutic opportunities of the IL‐22‐IL‐22R1 system
  publication-title: Nat Rev Drug Discov
– volume: 87
  start-page: 10946
  year: 2013
  end-page: 10954
  article-title: Regulatory T cells prevent Th2 immune responses and pulmonary eosinophilia during respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice
  publication-title: J Virol
– volume: 145
  start-page: 209
  year: 2012
  end-page: 223
  article-title: Impaired regulatory function in circulating CD4(+)CD25(high)CD127(low/‐) T cells in patients with myasthenia gravis
  publication-title: Clin Immunol
– volume: 123
  start-page: 79
  year: 2008
  end-page: 89
  article-title: Compromised CD4+ CD25(high) regulatory T‐cell function in patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis is correlated with a reduced frequency of FOXP3‐positive cells and reduced FOXP3 expression at the single‐cell level
  publication-title: Immunology
– volume: 36
  start-page: 2340
  year: 2015
  end-page: 2356
  article-title: Interleukin‐17 Stimulates STAT3‐Mediated Endothelial Cell Activation for Neutrophil Recruitment
  publication-title: Cell Physiol Biochem
– volume: 108
  start-page: 3072
  year: 2006
  end-page: 3078
  article-title: Mucosal but not peripheral FOXP3+ regulatory T cells are highly increased in untreated HIV infection and normalize after suppressive HAART
  publication-title: Blood
– volume: 12
  year: 2016
  article-title: Subset‐ and antigen‐specific effects of Treg on CD8+ T cell responses in chronic HIV infection
  publication-title: PLoS Pathogens
– volume: 184
  start-page: 1274
  year: 2014
  end-page: 1279
  article-title: Elevated Th17 response in infants undergoing respiratory viral infection
  publication-title: Am J Pathol
– volume: 6
  year: 2011
  article-title: Frequency of circulating regulatory T cells increases during chronic HIV infection and is largely controlled by highly active antiretroviral therapy
  publication-title: PloS One
– volume: 82
  start-page: 6767
  year: 2008
  end-page: 6771
  article-title: Virus‐specific interleukin‐17‐producing CD4+ T cells are detectable in early human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
  publication-title: J Virol
– volume: 49
  start-page: e375
  year: 2017
  article-title: Casein kinase 2 is a critical determinant of the balance of Th17 and Treg cell differentiation
  publication-title: Exp Mol Med
– volume: 2011
  start-page: 4245
  issue: 187
  year: 1950
  end-page: 4255
  article-title: Th17 cytokines are critical for respiratory syncytial virus‐associated airway hyperreponsiveness through regulation by complement C3a and tachykinins
  publication-title: J Immunol
– volume: 2006
  start-page: 566
  issue: 177
  year: 1950
  end-page: 573
  article-title: IL‐17 plays an important role in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
  publication-title: J Immunol
– volume: 167
  start-page: 65
  year: 2015
  end-page: 71
  article-title: Leptin is oversecreted by respiratory syncytial virus‐infected bronchial epithelial cells and regulates Th2 and Th17 cell differentiation
  publication-title: Int Archiv All Immunol
– volume: 165
  start-page: 363
  year: 2011
  end-page: 371
  article-title: Loss of balance between T helper type 17 and regulatory T cells in chronic human immunodeficiency virus infection
  publication-title: Clin Exp Immunol
– ident: e_1_2_9_45_1
  doi: 10.1084/jem.20082902
– ident: e_1_2_9_141_1
  doi: 10.1186/s13000-019-0891-4
– ident: e_1_2_9_12_1
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0711106105
– volume: 2008
  start-page: 4485
  issue: 181
  year: 1950
  ident: e_1_2_9_89_1
  article-title: Hepatitis C virus‐specific Th17 cells are suppressed by virus‐induced TGF‐beta
  publication-title: J Immunol
– ident: e_1_2_9_95_1
  doi: 10.1159/000430197
– ident: e_1_2_9_129_1
  doi: 10.1002/cyto.b.21352
– ident: e_1_2_9_18_1
  doi: 10.1038/ng.2770
– ident: e_1_2_9_20_1
  doi: 10.1038/ni1536
– ident: e_1_2_9_91_1
  doi: 10.1089/vim.2016.0013
– ident: e_1_2_9_126_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.06.008
– volume: 8
  start-page: 8674
  year: 2015
  ident: e_1_2_9_76_1
  article-title: Regulatory T cells and IL‐17(+) T helper cells enhanced in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
  publication-title: Int J Clin Exp Med
– ident: e_1_2_9_56_1
  doi: 10.1038/pr.2015.143
– ident: e_1_2_9_53_1
  doi: 10.3934/mbe.2013.10.1095
– ident: e_1_2_9_140_1
  doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i26.4146
– volume: 2011
  start-page: 101
  issue: 57
  year: 1999
  ident: e_1_2_9_102_1
  article-title: Low level of regulatory T cells and maintenance of balance between regulatory T cells and TH17 cells in HIV‐1‐infected elite controllers
  publication-title: J Acquired Imm Deficien Syndrom
– ident: e_1_2_9_52_1
  doi: 10.1164/rccm.200210-1148OC
– ident: e_1_2_9_64_1
  doi: 10.1006/viro.2000.0393
– ident: e_1_2_9_113_1
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.01715-09
– ident: e_1_2_9_49_1
  doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3000448
– ident: e_1_2_9_9_1
  doi: 10.1155/2013/986789
– volume: 16
  start-page: 386
  year: 2017
  ident: e_1_2_9_57_1
  article-title: The changes of Th17/Treg and related cytokines: IL‐17, IL‐23, IL‐10, and TGF‐beta in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis rat model
  publication-title: Iran J All Asthma Immunol
– ident: e_1_2_9_100_1
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04435.x
– ident: e_1_2_9_101_1
  doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283344895
– volume: 2005
  start-page: 3695
  issue: 174
  year: 1950
  ident: e_1_2_9_25_1
  article-title: IL‐22 inhibits epidermal differentiation and induces proinflammatory gene expression and migration of human keratinocytes
  publication-title: J Immunol
– ident: e_1_2_9_2_1
  doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00249
– ident: e_1_2_9_125_1
  doi: 10.1007/s11904-007-0002-0
– ident: e_1_2_9_4_1
  doi: 10.1186/1471-230X-12-43
– volume: 48
  start-page: e5
  issue: 1220
  year: 2018
  ident: e_1_2_9_28_1
  article-title: Autoimmune Th17 cells induced synovial stromal and innate lymphoid cell secretion of the cytokine GM‐CSF to initiate and augment autoimmune arthritis
  publication-title: Immunity
– ident: e_1_2_9_14_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2015.11.004
– ident: e_1_2_9_48_1
  doi: 10.1002/eji.201242794
– volume: 2011
  start-page: 4245
  issue: 187
  year: 1950
  ident: e_1_2_9_73_1
  article-title: Th17 cytokines are critical for respiratory syncytial virus‐associated airway hyperreponsiveness through regulation by complement C3a and tachykinins
  publication-title: J Immunol
– ident: e_1_2_9_92_1
  doi: 10.1089/dna.2016.3609
– ident: e_1_2_9_138_1
  doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-05-159301
– ident: e_1_2_9_11_1
  doi: 10.1038/ni.3004
– ident: e_1_2_9_72_1
  doi: 10.1159/000436966
– ident: e_1_2_9_58_1
  doi: 10.1038/pr.2016.130
– volume: 143
  start-page: e3
  issue: 765
  year: 2012
  ident: e_1_2_9_94_1
  article-title: Interleukin‐17 signaling in inflammatory, Kupffer cells, and hepatic stellate cells exacerbates liver fibrosis in mice
  publication-title: Gastroenterology
– volume: 126
  start-page: 2054
  year: 2013
  ident: e_1_2_9_103_1
  article-title: High frequency of regulatory T cells among HIV type 1‐infected men who have sex with men correlates with disease progression
  publication-title: Chin Med J
  doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20121253
– ident: e_1_2_9_120_1
  doi: 10.1093/infdis/jix547
– ident: e_1_2_9_51_1
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.01295-13
– ident: e_1_2_9_38_1
  doi: 10.1084/jem.20030152
– ident: e_1_2_9_105_1
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028118
– ident: e_1_2_9_133_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.06.288
– ident: e_1_2_9_39_1
  doi: 10.1038/nature06878
– volume: 2015
  start-page: 3665
  issue: 195
  year: 1950
  ident: e_1_2_9_107_1
  article-title: IL‐10 Potentiates Differentiation of Human Induced Regulatory T Cells via STAT3 and Foxo1
  publication-title: J Immunol
– volume: 2010
  start-page: 6426
  issue: 185
  year: 1950
  ident: e_1_2_9_40_1
  article-title: Cutting edge: mechanisms of IL‐2‐dependent maintenance of functional regulatory T cells
  publication-title: J Immunol
– ident: e_1_2_9_79_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.12.013
– volume: 2006
  start-page: 566
  issue: 177
  year: 1950
  ident: e_1_2_9_32_1
  article-title: IL‐17 plays an important role in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
  publication-title: J Immunol
– ident: e_1_2_9_59_1
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027113
– ident: e_1_2_9_114_1
  doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-01-0365
– ident: e_1_2_9_122_1
  doi: 10.1182/blood-2005-04-1531
– volume: 2010
  start-page: 2382
  issue: 185
  year: 1950
  ident: e_1_2_9_62_1
  article-title: Foxp3+ CD4 regulatory T cells limit pulmonary immunopathology by modulating the CD8 T cell response during respiratory syncytial virus infection
  publication-title: J Immunol
– ident: e_1_2_9_16_1
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02690.x
– ident: e_1_2_9_22_1
  doi: 10.1126/science.1160062
– ident: e_1_2_9_128_1
  doi: 10.1038/mi.2009.90
– volume: 2011
  start-page: 6329
  issue: 186
  year: 1950
  ident: e_1_2_9_41_1
  article-title: IL‐2 controls the stability of Foxp3 expression in TGF‐beta‐induced Foxp3+ T cells in vivo
  publication-title: J Immunol
– ident: e_1_2_9_134_1
  doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiv014
– volume: 2010
  start-page: 5263
  issue: 184
  year: 1950
  ident: e_1_2_9_26_1
  article-title: Skin inflammation induced by the synergistic action of IL‐17A, IL‐22, oncostatin M, IL‐1{alpha}, and TNF‐{alpha} recapitulates some features of psoriasis
  publication-title: J Immunol
– ident: e_1_2_9_33_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.044
– ident: e_1_2_9_135_1
  doi: 10.1038/nm1743
– volume: 2011
  start-page: 2278
  issue: 187
  year: 1950
  ident: e_1_2_9_90_1
  article-title: TLR2 stimulation drives human naive and effector regulatory T cells into a Th17‐like phenotype with reduced suppressive function
  publication-title: J Immunol
– ident: e_1_2_9_136_1
  doi: 10.1038/nm1511
– ident: e_1_2_9_6_1
  doi: 10.1159/000450949
– ident: e_1_2_9_27_1
  doi: 10.1038/ni.1993
– ident: e_1_2_9_83_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.090
– ident: e_1_2_9_65_1
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101469
– ident: e_1_2_9_80_1
  doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06782.x
– ident: e_1_2_9_82_1
  doi: 10.1089/vim.2015.0062
– ident: e_1_2_9_37_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.035
– ident: e_1_2_9_46_1
  doi: 10.1038/emm.2017.132
– ident: e_1_2_9_7_1
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.02245-14
– ident: e_1_2_9_63_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.07.016
– ident: e_1_2_9_77_1
  doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06154.x
– ident: e_1_2_9_112_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.12.012
– ident: e_1_2_9_34_1
  doi: 10.1038/nature05970
– ident: e_1_2_9_13_1
  doi: 10.1038/nature12297
– ident: e_1_2_9_17_1
  doi: 10.1182/blood-2003-11-3900
– ident: e_1_2_9_130_1
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.01838-13
– ident: e_1_2_9_44_1
  doi: 10.1084/jem.20131459
– volume: 2008
  start-page: 764
  issue: 180
  year: 1950
  ident: e_1_2_9_121_1
  article-title: Naive precursors of human regulatory T cells require FoxP3 for suppression and are susceptible to HIV infection
  publication-title: J Immunol
– ident: e_1_2_9_81_1
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151717
– ident: e_1_2_9_97_1
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039307
– ident: e_1_2_9_60_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.03.003
– ident: e_1_2_9_127_1
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.02550-07
– ident: e_1_2_9_43_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.02.009
– ident: e_1_2_9_23_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.021
– ident: e_1_2_9_137_1
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.02869-15
– ident: e_1_2_9_117_1
  doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-12-323162
– ident: e_1_2_9_74_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.06.034
– ident: e_1_2_9_24_1
  doi: 10.1038/nature04753
– ident: e_1_2_9_132_1
  doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3000632
– ident: e_1_2_9_55_1
  doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2010.01032.x
– ident: e_1_2_9_70_1
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151083
– ident: e_1_2_9_35_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2006.01.001
– ident: e_1_2_9_71_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.01.033
– ident: e_1_2_9_75_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.10.011
– ident: e_1_2_9_116_1
  doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002110
– ident: e_1_2_9_115_1
  doi: 10.1182/blood-2006-04-016923
– ident: e_1_2_9_47_1
  doi: 10.1038/16717
– ident: e_1_2_9_50_1
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052657
– ident: e_1_2_9_87_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2007.01.003
– ident: e_1_2_9_139_1
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.02643-10
– ident: e_1_2_9_61_1
  doi: 10.1164/rccm.201311-1977LE
– ident: e_1_2_9_69_1
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.00036-09
– ident: e_1_2_9_84_1
  doi: 10.1111/imm.12400
– ident: e_1_2_9_29_1
  doi: 10.1007/s00109-009-0457-0
– ident: e_1_2_9_142_1
  doi: 10.1089/aid.2018.0184
– ident: e_1_2_9_124_1
  doi: 10.1155/2013/852418
– ident: e_1_2_9_36_1
  doi: 10.1038/nature04754
– ident: e_1_2_9_96_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.12.001
– volume: 2011
  start-page: 1684
  issue: 187
  year: 1950
  ident: e_1_2_9_123_1
  article-title: Foxp3‐mediated suppression of CD95L expression confers resistance to activation‐induced cell death in regulatory T cells
  publication-title: J Immunol
– volume: 25
  start-page: 61
  year: 2018
  ident: e_1_2_9_88_1
  article-title: Th17 and IL‐17 as predictors of hepatic inflammation in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and treated with direct antiviral therapy
  publication-title: Egyptian J Immunol
– ident: e_1_2_9_21_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.08.014
– ident: e_1_2_9_3_1
  doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052206
– ident: e_1_2_9_8_1
  doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01018.x
– volume: 2014
  start-page: 1681
  issue: 192
  year: 1950
  ident: e_1_2_9_111_1
  article-title: Nef expression favors the relative preservation of CD4+ T regulatory cells that retain some important suppressive functions
  publication-title: J Immunol
– ident: e_1_2_9_106_1
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.00993-12
– ident: e_1_2_9_19_1
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017988
– ident: e_1_2_9_66_1
  doi: 10.1084/jem.20021633
– ident: e_1_2_9_85_1
  doi: 10.7554/eLife.14023
– ident: e_1_2_9_110_1
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1204032109
– ident: e_1_2_9_93_1
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112346
– volume: 15
  start-page: 153
  year: 2008
  ident: e_1_2_9_54_1
  article-title: T‐helper2 /T‐helper1 imbalance in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in relation to disease severity and outcome
  publication-title: Egyptian J Immunol
– ident: e_1_2_9_68_1
  doi: 10.1038/mi.2011.62
– ident: e_1_2_9_67_1
  doi: 10.1038/80833
– ident: e_1_2_9_5_1
  doi: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-141
– ident: e_1_2_9_99_1
  doi: 10.1186/s12967-017-1167-y
– ident: e_1_2_9_109_1
  doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001083
– ident: e_1_2_9_30_1
  doi: 10.1111/jop.12765
– ident: e_1_2_9_78_1
  doi: 10.1002/hep.20454
– ident: e_1_2_9_86_1
  doi: 10.1189/jlb.2AB0613-342RR
– ident: e_1_2_9_104_1
  doi: 10.1186/s12865-017-0235-7
– ident: e_1_2_9_31_1
  doi: 10.1038/nrd4176
– ident: e_1_2_9_118_1
  doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.22159
– ident: e_1_2_9_131_1
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078146
– volume: 2014
  start-page: 3925
  issue: 193
  year: 1950
  ident: e_1_2_9_98_1
  article-title: IL‐17A enhances the expression of profibrotic genes through upregulation of the TGF‐beta receptor on hepatic stellate cells in a JNK‐dependent manner
  publication-title: J Immunol
– ident: e_1_2_9_10_1
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1812471116
– ident: e_1_2_9_42_1
  doi: 10.1084/jem.20170523
– ident: e_1_2_9_108_1
  doi: 10.1111/imm.12616
– ident: e_1_2_9_15_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2012.09.012
– ident: e_1_2_9_119_1
  doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005995
SSID ssj0013273
Score 2.494042
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet CD4+ T cells are the central element of the adaptive immune responses and protect the body from a variety of pathogens. Starting from naive cells, CD4+ T cells...
CD4 + T cells are the central element of the adaptive immune responses and protect the body from a variety of pathogens. Starting from naive cells, CD4 + T...
CD4 T cells are the central element of the adaptive immune responses and protect the body from a variety of pathogens. Starting from naive cells, CD4 T cells...
SourceID proquest
pubmed
crossref
wiley
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage e12873
SubjectTerms Adaptive immunity
Animals
CD4 antigen
Cell Communication - immunology
Cell differentiation
Functional plasticity
Helper cells
Hepatitis
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
HIV
Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Immunomodulation
Immunoregulation
Infections
Lymphocyte Activation - immunology
Lymphocyte Count
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
regulatory T cells (Tregs)
Respiratory syncytial virus
Signal Transduction
T helper 17 cells (Th17 cells)
T-Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology
T-Lymphocyte Subsets - metabolism
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - immunology
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - metabolism
Th17 Cells - immunology
Th17 Cells - metabolism
viral infection
Viral infections
Virus Diseases - immunology
Virus Diseases - metabolism
Virus Diseases - virology
Title Regulatory T cells and T helper 17 cells in viral infection
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fsji.12873
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32090360
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2394729240
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2363085989
Volume 91
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1ZT9wwEB4hKlBf2nKUbktRqHjgJavER2xrnzi6AiT6wCHxgBR5Eq-ArrJoj4ftr68nlzglxJuVjOVk7PEcHn8DsKMxssJEeSjtgIfe_2KhRe-loMydNFo4UZYDOv2THF2Kkyt5tQC95i5MhQ_RBtxIMsr9mgTc4uSBkE_ubrt-c1WE9Em5WmQQnbEHJwjV6TKPotAIJWtUIcriaXs-1kXPDMzH9mqpcPqf4br51CrP5G93NsVu9u8JiuM7_-ULfKoN0WCvWjkrsOCKVViqSlPOV2H5tD50X4PeWVWvfjSeBxcBRfongS1y375xw3s3DmJVP70tAsoZHgZNilexDpf93xcHR2FdcyHMuNY8ZAx15hKXJwNpuJU5Q8UJE1AOjLUapVaZEzlq7kj7kXIzCpnBCBPtjOJfYbEYFe4bBCLTsTNZjt4FE7G1JqYLXkJZoRjGiB3YbbifZjUgOdXFGKaNY-LZkpZs6cCvlvS-QuF4iWizmcK0FsRJSpXfvf_g7ZYObLevvQgRX2zhRjOiSTjhvGnTgY1q6ttROKNAVuJ775YT-Prw6fnJcdn4_nbSH_CRkf9eJlBuwuJ0PHM_vZEzxS34sLd_uN_fKlf1fzjY9QI
linkProvider Wiley-Blackwell
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LT9wwEB4BFY8LbXm0Wx4NiAOXrBI_YltwqaqihbIcYJG4oMhOvOKxyqJ9HODX1-M8BC1IqDcrGcvJ2OOZbzyeAdiTJtJMRXnIdZ-GDn-RUBuHUgzPLVeSWebLAXXPks4lO7niVzNwWN-FKfNDNA43lAy_X6OAo0P6mZSP727bbncVdBY-YEVvD6jOybMzhPJ8mUZRqJjgVV4hjONpur7URv-YmC8tVq9yjj7Cdf2xZaTJfXs6Me3s6a88jv_7N59gubJFgx_l4vkMM7ZYgfmyOuXjCix0q3P3VTg4L0vWD0ePQS9AZ_840EXu2jd28GBHQSyqp7dFgGHDg6CO8irW4PLoV-9nJ6zKLoQZlZKGhBiZ2cTmSZ8rqnlOjKCYFpD3ldbScCkyy3IjqUUFiPpNCUOUiUwirRJ0HeaKYWG_QsAyGVuV5cahMBZrrWK848WEZoKY2JgW7NfsT7MqJzmWxhikNTZxbEk9W1qw25A-lIk4XiParOcwrWRxnGLxdwchnOnSgp3mtZMi5Isu7HCKNAnFVG9SteBLOffNKJSgLytxvff9DL49fHpxcuwb395P-h0WO73uaXp6fPZ7A5YIwnkfT7kJc5PR1G45m2ditv3S_gPYMPer
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LTxsxEB4BFVEvfQBt06awIA65bLTrx9pWTlXTiKSAEA-JA9LK3nVUINpEeRzor69nXwqUSqg3a3cs7449nofH3wAcShNopoLU53pEfed_EV8b56UYnlquJLMsLwd0chodXbHhNb9eg251F6bAh6gDbigZ-X6NAj5NRytCPr-77bjNVdB1eMWiQOKS7p2TlSOE4niZBoGvmOAlrBCm8dRdHyujvyzMxwZrrnH6b-Gm-tYi0eS-s1yYTvL7CYzjf_7MO3hTWqLet2LpvIc1m23BZlGb8mELGiflqfs2dM-LgvWT2YN36WGof-7pLHXtX3Y8tTMvFOXT28zDpOGxV-V4ZTtw1f9x-f3IL4su-AmVkvqEGJnYyKbRiCuqeUqMoAgKyEdKa2m4FIllqZHUovpD7aaEIcoEJpJWCfoBNrJJZj-BxxIZWpWkxvlgLNRahXjDiwnNBDGhMU1oV9yPkxKRHAtjjOPKM3FsiXO2NOGgJp0WMBzPEbWqKYxLSZzHWPrdORDOcGnCfv3ayRDyRWd2skSaiCLQm1RN-FhMfT0KJRjJilzvdj6B_x4-vhgO8sbnl5PuQeOs14-PB6c_v8Brgr58nkzZgo3FbGm_OoNnYXbzhf0HDCb2Yw
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Regulatory+T+cells+and+T+helper+17+cells+in+viral+infection&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+immunology&rft.au=Wan%2C+Zhikai&rft.au=Zhou%2C+Zhifeng&rft.au=Liu%2C+Yao&rft.au=Lai%2C+Yuhan&rft.date=2020-05-01&rft.issn=0300-9475&rft.eissn=1365-3083&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=5&rft.epage=n%2Fa&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fsji.12873&rft.externalDBID=10.1111%252Fsji.12873&rft.externalDocID=SJI12873
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0300-9475&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0300-9475&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0300-9475&client=summon