Emerging therapeutic potential of group 2 innate lymphoid cells in acute kidney injury

• Published in: The Journal of pathology Vol. 248; no. 1; pp. 9 - 15
• Main Authors: Cameron, Guy J M, Jiang, Simon H, Loering, Svenja, Deshpande, Aniruddh V, Hansbro, Philip M, Starkey, Malcolm R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01.05.2019; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: acute kidney injury; Acute Kidney Injury - immunology; Acute Kidney Injury - therapy; Adaptive Immunity - immunology; alternatively activated macrophages; Animals; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy - methods; Dialysis; Disease Models, Animal; group 2 innate lymphoid cell; Health risks; Homeostasis; Humans; ILC2; Immune response; Immunity, Innate - immunology; innate immunity; Interleukin-33 - therapeutic use; ischemia–reperfusion injury; Kidney diseases; Kidneys; Lymphocyte Activation - immunology; Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology; Lymphocyte Subsets - transplantation; Lymphoid cells; Mice; Pathophysiology; Renal failure; Tissue engineering; Tissues; Transplantation; type 2 immunity; ILC2; ischemia-reperfusion injury; group 2 innate lymphoid cell; innate immunity; alternatively activated macrophages; acute kidney injury; type 2 immunity
• ISSN: 0022-3417; 1096-9896
• DOI: 10.1002/path.5242

Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a global challenge and, despite the availability of dialysis and transplantation, can be fatal. Those that survive an AKI are at increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease and end stage renal failure. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms underpinning the pathophysiology of AKI is critical for developing novel strategies for diagnosis and treatment. A growing body of evidence indicates that amplifying type 2 immunity may have therapeutic potential in kidney injury and disease. Of particular interest are the recently described subset of innate immune cells, termed group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Group 2 ILCs are crucial tissue‐resident immune cells that maintain homeostasis and regulate tissue repair at multiple organ sites, including the kidney. They are critical mediators of type 2 immune responses following infection and injury. The existing literature suggests that activation of group 2 ILCs and production of a local type 2 immune milieu is protective against renal injury and associated pathology. In this review, we describe the emerging role for group 2 ILCs in renal homeostasis and repair. We provide an in‐depth discussion of the most recent literature that use preclinical models of AKI and assess the therapeutic effect of modulating group 2 ILC function. We debate the potential for targeting these cells as novel cellular therapies in AKI and discuss the implications for future studies and translation. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.