Variation in Human Research Ethics Committee and governance processes throughout Australia: a need for a uniform approach

Background In Australia, ethics committees across different states vary in application, requirement and process for the ethical review and approval for clinical research. This may lead to confusion and delays in the enablement of multicentre research projects. This study explores the effect of diffe...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inANZ journal of surgery Vol. 91; no. 11; pp. 2263 - 2268
Main Authors Dudi‐Venkata, Nagendra N., Cox, Daniel R. A., Marson, Nicholas, Tan, Lorwai, Pockney, Peter, Muralidharan, Vijayaragavan, Watson, David I., Richards, Toby
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Melbourne John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd 01.11.2021
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Loading…
Abstract Background In Australia, ethics committees across different states vary in application, requirement and process for the ethical review and approval for clinical research. This may lead to confusion and delays in the enablement of multicentre research projects. This study explores the effect of differing processes for Ethics and Governance in the establishment of the CovidSurg‐Cancer study during the global COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods An anonymous, structured web‐based questionnaire was designed using the Research Electronic Data Capture application (REDCap) platform to capture consultant surgeons, fellows, and trainees experience in the ethics application process. ‘CovidSurg‐Cancer’ was an international multicentre collaborative study to assess the impact of COVID‐19 on the outcomes of patients undergoing cancer surgery. The ethics process to set up this observational study was used as to explore the differing processes applied across Australia. Results The CovidSurg‐Cancer study was successfully set up in 14 hospitals. Four hospitals approved the study directly as an audit. Of the remaining sites, 10 ethics applications underwent Human Research Ethics Committee review following which two (14%) were subsequently approved as an audit activity and eight hospitals (57%) were given formal ethical approval with waiver of consent. Ethics application acceptance from another Australian Human Research Ethics Committee was provided with six applications; however, only three were reciprocated without the requirement for further agreements. A third of (30%) respondents suggested that the details of the application pathway, process and documentation were unclear. Conclusion Ethics processes are varied across Australia with considerable repetition. A centralized, harmonized application process would enhance collaborative research. Ethics processes are varied across Australia with considerable repetition. A centralized, harmonized application process would enhance collaborative research.
AbstractList In Australia, ethics committees across different states vary in application, requirement and process for the ethical review and approval for clinical research. This may lead to confusion and delays in the enablement of multicentre research projects. This study explores the effect of differing processes for Ethics and Governance in the establishment of the CovidSurg-Cancer study during the global COVID-19 pandemic. An anonymous, structured web-based questionnaire was designed using the Research Electronic Data Capture application (REDCap) platform to capture consultant surgeons, fellows, and trainees experience in the ethics application process. 'CovidSurg-Cancer' was an international multicentre collaborative study to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the outcomes of patients undergoing cancer surgery. The ethics process to set up this observational study was used as to explore the differing processes applied across Australia. The CovidSurg-Cancer study was successfully set up in 14 hospitals. Four hospitals approved the study directly as an audit. Of the remaining sites, 10 ethics applications underwent Human Research Ethics Committee review following which two (14%) were subsequently approved as an audit activity and eight hospitals (57%) were given formal ethical approval with waiver of consent. Ethics application acceptance from another Australian Human Research Ethics Committee was provided with six applications; however, only three were reciprocated without the requirement for further agreements. A third of (30%) respondents suggested that the details of the application pathway, process and documentation were unclear. Ethics processes are varied across Australia with considerable repetition. A centralized, harmonized application process would enhance collaborative research.
Background In Australia, ethics committees across different states vary in application, requirement and process for the ethical review and approval for clinical research. This may lead to confusion and delays in the enablement of multicentre research projects. This study explores the effect of differing processes for Ethics and Governance in the establishment of the CovidSurg‐Cancer study during the global COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods An anonymous, structured web‐based questionnaire was designed using the Research Electronic Data Capture application (REDCap) platform to capture consultant surgeons, fellows, and trainees experience in the ethics application process. ‘CovidSurg‐Cancer’ was an international multicentre collaborative study to assess the impact of COVID‐19 on the outcomes of patients undergoing cancer surgery. The ethics process to set up this observational study was used as to explore the differing processes applied across Australia. Results The CovidSurg‐Cancer study was successfully set up in 14 hospitals. Four hospitals approved the study directly as an audit. Of the remaining sites, 10 ethics applications underwent Human Research Ethics Committee review following which two (14%) were subsequently approved as an audit activity and eight hospitals (57%) were given formal ethical approval with waiver of consent. Ethics application acceptance from another Australian Human Research Ethics Committee was provided with six applications; however, only three were reciprocated without the requirement for further agreements. A third of (30%) respondents suggested that the details of the application pathway, process and documentation were unclear. Conclusion Ethics processes are varied across Australia with considerable repetition. A centralized, harmonized application process would enhance collaborative research. Ethics processes are varied across Australia with considerable repetition. A centralized, harmonized application process would enhance collaborative research.
BackgroundIn Australia, ethics committees across different states vary in application, requirement and process for the ethical review and approval for clinical research. This may lead to confusion and delays in the enablement of multicentre research projects. This study explores the effect of differing processes for Ethics and Governance in the establishment of the CovidSurg‐Cancer study during the global COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsAn anonymous, structured web‐based questionnaire was designed using the Research Electronic Data Capture application (REDCap) platform to capture consultant surgeons, fellows, and trainees experience in the ethics application process. ‘CovidSurg‐Cancer’ was an international multicentre collaborative study to assess the impact of COVID‐19 on the outcomes of patients undergoing cancer surgery. The ethics process to set up this observational study was used as to explore the differing processes applied across Australia.ResultsThe CovidSurg‐Cancer study was successfully set up in 14 hospitals. Four hospitals approved the study directly as an audit. Of the remaining sites, 10 ethics applications underwent Human Research Ethics Committee review following which two (14%) were subsequently approved as an audit activity and eight hospitals (57%) were given formal ethical approval with waiver of consent. Ethics application acceptance from another Australian Human Research Ethics Committee was provided with six applications; however, only three were reciprocated without the requirement for further agreements. A third of (30%) respondents suggested that the details of the application pathway, process and documentation were unclear.ConclusionEthics processes are varied across Australia with considerable repetition. A centralized, harmonized application process would enhance collaborative research.
Author Cox, Daniel R. A.
Richards, Toby
Pockney, Peter
Muralidharan, Vijayaragavan
Marson, Nicholas
Tan, Lorwai
Dudi‐Venkata, Nagendra N.
Watson, David I.
AuthorAffiliation Clinical Trials Network of Australia and New Zealand (CTANZ), Research, Audit and Academic Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Clinical Trials Network of Australia and New Zealand (CTANZ), Research, Audit and Academic Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Nagendra N.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-9775-3599
  surname: Dudi‐Venkata
  fullname: Dudi‐Venkata, Nagendra N.
  email: drnags3@gmail.com
  organization: Royal Australasian College of Surgeons
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Daniel R. A.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-5092-4370
  surname: Cox
  fullname: Cox, Daniel R. A.
  organization: The University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Nicholas
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8168-4234
  surname: Marson
  fullname: Marson, Nicholas
  organization: TROCAR, Trainee‐led Research in Orthopaedics: Collaborative of Australian Registrars
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Lorwai
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8434-2988
  surname: Tan
  fullname: Tan, Lorwai
  organization: Royal Australasian College of Surgeons
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Peter
  orcidid: 0000-0002-7648-4916
  surname: Pockney
  fullname: Pockney, Peter
  organization: University of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Vijayaragavan
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8247-8937
  surname: Muralidharan
  fullname: Muralidharan, Vijayaragavan
  organization: The University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital
– sequence: 7
  givenname: David I.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-7683-2693
  surname: Watson
  fullname: Watson, David I.
  organization: Flinders Medical Centre
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Toby
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9872-4653
  surname: Richards
  fullname: Richards, Toby
  organization: University of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33851489$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp1kU1P4zAQhi3Eiu8DfwBZ4gKHQmzHccKtqgqshHYlvq7RxJ0Qo8Qudsyq_34NLXtYibn4PTx-RqN3n2xbZ5GQY5ZdsDSXYMMFK8qcb5E9ludywlmltjeZ5ULskv0QXrOMFUUld8iuEKVkeVntkdUzeAOjcZYaS2_jAJbeY0DwuqPzsTM60JkbBjOOiBTsgr64d_QWrEa69E5jCBjo2HkXXzoXRzqNYfTQG7iiQC3igrbOpxitSWGgsEzfQHeH5EcLfcCjzXtAnq7nj7Pbyd3vm5-z6d1Ei7LkEwWN4Fy3WIFGlIoDY8D5opG6EQwliqzIlSokb8uiapVsNWRNWYqWqYZnlTggZ2tvWvsWMYz1YILGvgeLLoaaS8YVr5Ihoaf_oa8uplv7D6oquMp5zhJ1vqa0dyF4bOulNwP4Vc2y-qOPOvVRf_aR2JONMTYDLv6RXwUk4HIN_DE9rr431dNfD2vlX_WyluQ
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1111_ans_17096
crossref_primary_10_1111_ans_17276
crossref_primary_10_1177_17470161231218173
crossref_primary_10_1111_ans_18187
Cites_doi 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2011.02431.x
10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010
10.1111/ans.15998
10.1136/bmj.330.7489.431
10.1111/imj.13191
10.5694/mja14.00338
10.1111/ans.14088
10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01106.x
10.1111/j.1445-5994.2007.01451.x
10.1200/JCO.20.01933
10.4066/AMJ.2015.2587
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2021 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.
2021 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons
Copyright_xml – notice: 2021 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.
– notice: 2021 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons
CorporateAuthor Clinical Trials Network Australia New Zealand (CTANZ)
CorporateAuthor_xml – sequence: 0
  name: Clinical Trials Network Australia New Zealand (CTANZ)
– name: Clinical Trials Network Australia New Zealand (CTANZ)
DBID NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
7QO
8FD
FR3
K9.
P64
7X8
DOI 10.1111/ans.16842
DatabaseName PubMed
CrossRef
Biotechnology Research Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle PubMed
CrossRef
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Engineering Research Database
Biotechnology Research Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList PubMed

ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
EISSN 1445-2197
EndPage 2268
ExternalDocumentID 10_1111_ans_16842
33851489
ANS16842
Genre article
Journal Article
GeographicLocations Australia
GeographicLocations_xml – name: Australia
GroupedDBID ---
.3N
.GA
.GJ
.Y3
05W
0R~
10A
1OC
23M
31~
33P
36B
3SF
4.4
50Y
50Z
51W
51X
52M
52N
52O
52P
52R
52S
52T
52U
52V
52W
52X
53G
5GY
5HH
5LA
5RE
5VS
66C
702
7PT
8-0
8-1
8-3
8-4
8-5
8UM
930
A01
A03
AAESR
AAEVG
AAHHS
AANLZ
AAONW
AASGY
AAXRX
AAZKR
ABCQN
ABCUV
ABEML
ABJNI
ABPVW
ABQWH
ABXGK
ACAHQ
ACBWZ
ACCFJ
ACCZN
ACGFS
ACGOF
ACIWK
ACMXC
ACPOU
ACPRK
ACSCC
ACXBN
ACXQS
ADBBV
ADBTR
ADEOM
ADIZJ
ADKYN
ADMGS
ADOZA
ADXAS
ADZMN
ADZOD
AEEZP
AEIGN
AEIMD
AENEX
AEQDE
AEUQT
AEUYR
AFBPY
AFEBI
AFFPM
AFGKR
AFPWT
AFRAH
AFZJQ
AHBTC
AHMBA
AIACR
AITYG
AIURR
AIWBW
AJBDE
ALAGY
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ALUQN
AMBMR
AMYDB
ASPBG
ATUGU
AVWKF
AZBYB
AZFZN
AZVAB
BAFTC
BDRZF
BFHJK
BHBCM
BMXJE
BROTX
BRXPI
BY8
C45
CAG
COF
CS3
D-6
D-7
D-E
D-F
DCZOG
DPXWK
DR2
DRFUL
DRMAN
DRSTM
EBS
EJD
EMOBN
ESX
EX3
F00
F01
F04
F5P
FEDTE
FUBAC
G-S
G.N
GODZA
H.X
HF~
HGLYW
HVGLF
HZI
HZ~
IHE
IX1
J0M
J5H
K48
KBYEO
LATKE
LC2
LC3
LEEKS
LH4
LITHE
LOXES
LP6
LP7
LUTES
LW6
LYRES
MEWTI
MK4
MRFUL
MRMAN
MRSTM
MSFUL
MSMAN
MSSTM
MXFUL
MXMAN
MXSTM
N04
N05
N9A
NF~
O66
O9-
OIG
OVD
P2P
P2W
P2X
P2Z
P4B
P4D
PQQKQ
Q.N
Q11
QB0
R.K
RJQFR
ROL
RX1
SUPJJ
TEORI
UB1
W8V
W99
WBKPD
WHWMO
WIH
WIJ
WIK
WOHZO
WOW
WQJ
WRC
WVDHM
WXI
WXSBR
XG1
YFH
ZGI
ZXP
~IA
~WT
NPM
AAMNL
AAYXX
ACRPL
CITATION
7QO
8FD
FR3
K9.
P64
7X8
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c3882-7ab322cfe9acee572a11a22db5cb31e5e306477652f869f75fca0b883f17b2093
IEDL.DBID DR2
ISSN 1445-1433
IngestDate Wed Dec 04 13:58:07 EST 2024
Thu Oct 10 22:23:24 EDT 2024
Fri Dec 06 03:02:33 EST 2024
Sat Sep 28 08:23:12 EDT 2024
Sat Aug 24 00:59:10 EDT 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 11
Keywords research ethic
surgical research
collaborative research
governance
Language English
License 2021 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c3882-7ab322cfe9acee572a11a22db5cb31e5e306477652f869f75fca0b883f17b2093
Notes Nagendra N. Dudi‐Venkata, Daniel R. A. Cox and Nicholas Marson are co‐first authors.
Nagendra N Dudi‐Venkata, Lorwai Tan, Peter Pockney, Vijayaragavan Muralidharan, David I Watson, Toby Richards
ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Undefined-1
ObjectType-Feature-3
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0002-9775-3599
0000-0002-7648-4916
0000-0002-5092-4370
0000-0001-8434-2988
0000-0002-7683-2693
0000-0001-8247-8937
0000-0002-8168-4234
0000-0001-9872-4653
OpenAccessLink http://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/bitstreams/c6c6a22b-0431-5dae-99d1-8cda8391ccca/download
PMID 33851489
PQID 2596274241
PQPubID 25531
PageCount 6
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_2512729765
proquest_journals_2596274241
crossref_primary_10_1111_ans_16842
pubmed_primary_33851489
wiley_primary_10_1111_ans_16842_ANS16842
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate November 2021
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2021-11-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 11
  year: 2021
  text: November 2021
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Melbourne
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Melbourne
– name: Australia
– name: East Melbourne
PublicationTitle ANZ journal of surgery
PublicationTitleAlternate ANZ J Surg
PublicationYear 2021
Publisher John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Publisher_xml – name: John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
– name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
References 2009; 42
2005; 330
2015; 202
2007; 187
2021; 39
2017; 87
2020; 90
2019
2016
2001; 79
2012; 42
2016; 46
2016; 9
2007; 37
e_1_2_8_17_1
e_1_2_8_18_1
e_1_2_8_13_1
e_1_2_8_14_1
e_1_2_8_15_1
e_1_2_8_16_1
World Medical Association (e_1_2_8_3_1) 2001; 79
e_1_2_8_2_1
e_1_2_8_5_1
e_1_2_8_4_1
e_1_2_8_7_1
e_1_2_8_6_1
e_1_2_8_9_1
e_1_2_8_8_1
e_1_2_8_10_1
e_1_2_8_11_1
e_1_2_8_12_1
References_xml – volume: 90
  start-page: 2449
  year: 2020
  end-page: 55
  article-title: Pre‐operative and intra‐operative chemical thromboprophylaxis increases bleeding risk following elective cholecystectomy: a multicentre (PROTECTinG) study
  publication-title: ANZ J. Surg.
– volume: 202
  start-page: 338
  year: 2015
  end-page: 9
  article-title: Is research ethics regulation really killing people?
  publication-title: Med. J. Aust.
– volume: 330
  start-page: 431
  year: 2005
  end-page: 2
  article-title: Ethics review of research and audit
  publication-title: BMJ
– volume: 39
  start-page: 66
  year: 2021
  end-page: 78
  article-title: Elective cancer surgery in COVID‐19‐free surgical pathways during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic: an international, multicenter, comparative cohort study
  publication-title: J. Clin. Oncol.
– volume: 42
  start-page: 127
  year: 2012
  end-page: 31
  article-title: Governance approval for multisite, non‐interventional research: what can harmonisation of multi‐centre ethical review learn from the New South Wales experience
  publication-title: Intern. Med. J.
– volume: 46
  start-page: 1023
  year: 2016
  end-page: 9
  article-title: Inconsistencies and time delays in site‐specific research approvals hinder collaborative clinical research in Australia
  publication-title: Intern. Med. J.
– volume: 9
  start-page: 33
  year: 2016
  end-page: 9
  article-title: Heterogeneity of Human Research Ethics Committees and Research Governance Offices across Australia: an observational study
  publication-title: Australas. Med. J.
– volume: 37
  start-page: 680
  year: 2007
  end-page: 6
  article-title: Adverse effects of a multicentre system for ethics approval on the progress of a prospective multicentre trial of cancer treatment: how many patients die waiting?
  publication-title: Intern. Med. J.
– volume: 42
  start-page: 377
  year: 2009
  end-page: 81
  article-title: Research electronic data capture (REDCap) – a metadata‐driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support
  publication-title: J. Biomed. Inform.
– volume: 79
  start-page: 373
  year: 2001
  end-page: 4
  article-title: World medical association declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects
  publication-title: Bull. World Health Organ.
– volume: 187
  start-page: 7
  year: 2007
  end-page: 8
  article-title: Model for a single ethical and scientific review of multicentre research in New South Wales
  publication-title: Med. J. Aust.
– year: 2016
– volume: 87
  start-page: 656
  year: 2017
  end-page: 60
  article-title: Emergency appendicectomy in Australia: findings from a multicentre, prospective study
  publication-title: ANZ J. Surg.
– year: 2019
– ident: e_1_2_8_2_1
– ident: e_1_2_8_7_1
  doi: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2011.02431.x
– ident: e_1_2_8_10_1
– ident: e_1_2_8_14_1
  doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010
– ident: e_1_2_8_13_1
  doi: 10.1111/ans.15998
– ident: e_1_2_8_5_1
  doi: 10.1136/bmj.330.7489.431
– ident: e_1_2_8_8_1
  doi: 10.1111/imj.13191
– ident: e_1_2_8_16_1
  doi: 10.5694/mja14.00338
– ident: e_1_2_8_12_1
  doi: 10.1111/ans.14088
– volume: 79
  start-page: 373
  year: 2001
  ident: e_1_2_8_3_1
  article-title: World medical association declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects
  publication-title: Bull. World Health Organ.
  contributor:
    fullname: World Medical Association
– ident: e_1_2_8_18_1
– ident: e_1_2_8_17_1
  doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01106.x
– ident: e_1_2_8_6_1
  doi: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2007.01451.x
– ident: e_1_2_8_9_1
– ident: e_1_2_8_11_1
  doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.01933
– ident: e_1_2_8_15_1
  doi: 10.4066/AMJ.2015.2587
– ident: e_1_2_8_4_1
SSID ssj0016695
Score 2.371614
Snippet Background In Australia, ethics committees across different states vary in application, requirement and process for the ethical review and approval for...
In Australia, ethics committees across different states vary in application, requirement and process for the ethical review and approval for clinical research....
BackgroundIn Australia, ethics committees across different states vary in application, requirement and process for the ethical review and approval for clinical...
BACKGROUNDIn Australia, ethics committees across different states vary in application, requirement and process for the ethical review and approval for clinical...
SourceID proquest
crossref
pubmed
wiley
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 2263
SubjectTerms Cancer
Collaboration
collaborative research
COVID-19
Ethics
governance
Hospitals
Pandemics
Privacy
research ethic
Research ethics
Research projects
surgical research
Title Variation in Human Research Ethics Committee and governance processes throughout Australia: a need for a uniform approach
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fans.16842
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33851489
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2596274241
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2512729765
Volume 91
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3LS8MwGP8YO3nxga_qlCgevHQs6dKHnoY6RHAHdbKDUJI2kSF2w7UH_ev9kj5wiiDeAk2bNN8jvy_5HgAnNExV2he-KxKNBkrCPFciynUVEyrVFHnEVlG4HfnX4_7NhE9acF7HwpT5IZoDNyMZVl8bARdy8UXIjSan5hYJ9S_1AuPOd3nXpI6ivm8rrqC9wF3EBF6VVch48TRvLu9FPwDmMl61G85wDZ7qqZZ-Ji_dIpfd5ONbFsd__ss6rFZAlAxKztmAlso24f0RTWdLKzLNiD3gJ7VvHild44kJKZnmuVJEZCl5trV6DeuQeRlzoBakKv4zK3LSnKWcEUEy3CoJomRsFpkJCXsldU7zLRgPrx4urt2qOIObeBaVC4m6INEqErjP8oAJSgVjqeSJ9Kjiypg2QeBzpkM_0gHXiejJMPQ0DSTrRd42tLNZpnaBSE9zqVVorhz7VDPhC4bAUXD8hFD9wIHjmkzxvMzBEde2C65cbFfOgU5NwLgSw0XMytpCiFIcOGoeowCZWxGRqVlh-lCGFgbO1IGdkvDNKGi_I6AMIwdOLfl-Hz4ejO5tY-_vXfdhhRkPGRvZ2IF2_laoA4Q4uTy0vPwJAyf4HA
link.rule.ids 314,780,784,1375,27924,27925,46294,46718
linkProvider Wiley-Blackwell
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV07T8MwED5BGWDhIV6BAgYxsARhp05SxIKAqrw6QEEsKLITG1WItKLJAL-es_MQDyEhNktxYsd3Z393vgfALg0TlbSE74pYo4ISM8-ViHJdxYRKNEUesVUUrnt-96518cAfJuCoioUp8kPUBjcjGXa_NgJuDNKfpNxs5dRcI03CFIo7NQ5dpzd18ijq-7bmCmoM3EVU4JV5hYwfT_3q19PoB8T8iljtkdOZg8dqsoWnyfN-nsn9-P1bHsf__s08zJZYlBwXzLMAEypdhLd71J4tucggJdbGTyr3PFJ4xxMTVTLIMqWISBPyZMv1Gu4hoyLsQI1JWf9nmGekNqccEkFSPC0JAmVs5qmJCnshVVrzJbjrnPVPum5Zn8GNPQvMhcTtINaqLfCo5QETlArGEslj6VHFldFugsDnTId-Wwdcx-JAhqGnaSDZQdtbhkY6TNUqEOlpLrUKza1ji2omfMEQOwqOnxCqFTiwU9EpGhVpOKJKfcGVi-zKOdCsKBiVkjiOWFFeCIGKA9v1Y5QhczEiUjXMTR_KUMnAmTqwUlC-HgVVeMSUYduBPUu_34ePjnu3trH2965bMN3tX19FV-e9y3WYYcZhxgY6NqGRveZqAxFPJjctY38AjOr8PQ
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1JS8UwEB5cQLy44FbXKB68VEzadNGTqA_Xh7jhQShJm8hD7Htoe9Bf7yRdcEEQb4GmTZqZyXyTzAKwSaNMZb4IXJFqNFBS5rkSUa6rmFCZpsgjtorCRTc4vvVP7_n9EOw1sTBVfoj2wM1Iht2vjYAPMv1JyM1OTs0t0jCM-gGLTeL8w6s2dxQNAltyBQ0G7iIo8Oq0QsaNp331qzL6gTC_AlarcTqT8NDMtXI0edouC7mdvn9L4_jPn5mCiRqJkv2KdaZhSOUz8HaHtrMlFunlxJ7wk8Y5j1S-8cTElPSKQiki8ow82mK9hnfIoAo6UK-krv7TLwvSHqbsEkFy1JUEYTI2y9zEhD2TJqn5LNx2jm4Ojt26OoObehaWC4mbQapVLFDR8pAJSgVjmeSp9Kjiytg2YRhwpqMg1iHXqdiRUeRpGkq2E3tzMJL3c7UARHqaS60ic-foU81EIBgiR8HxE0L5oQMbDZmSQZWEI2mMF1y5xK6cA8sNAZNaDl8TVhUXQpjiwHr7GCXIXIuIXPVL04cyNDFwpg7MV4RvR0EDHhFlFDuwZcn3-_DJfvfaNhb_3nUNxi4PO8n5SfdsCcaZ8ZaxUY7LMFK8lGoF4U4hVy1bfwCjMfrs
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Variation+in+Human+Research+Ethics+Committee+and+governance+processes+throughout+Australia%3A+a+need+for+a+uniform+approach&rft.jtitle=ANZ+journal+of+surgery&rft.au=Dudi%E2%80%90Venkata%2C+Nagendra+N.&rft.au=Cox%2C+Daniel+R.+A.&rft.au=Marson%2C+Nicholas&rft.au=Tan%2C+Lorwai&rft.date=2021-11-01&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons+Australia%2C+Ltd&rft.issn=1445-1433&rft.eissn=1445-2197&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2263&rft.epage=2268&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fans.16842&rft.externalDBID=10.1111%252Fans.16842&rft.externalDocID=ANS16842
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1445-1433&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1445-1433&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1445-1433&client=summon