Small non-coding RNA and cancer

The ENCODE project has reported that at least 80% of the human genome is biologically active, yet only a small part of human DNA encodes for protein. The massive amount of RNA transcribed but not translated into protein can be classified as housekeeping RNA (such as rRNA, tRNA) and regulatory RNA (s...

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Published in	Carcinogenesis (New York) Vol. 38; no. 5; pp. 485 - 491
Main Authors	Romano, Giulia, Veneziano, Dario, Acunzo, Mario, Croce, Carlo M.
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	England Oxford University Press 01.05.2017
Subjects	Animals Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - genetics Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - metabolism Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic Humans MicroRNAs - genetics Neoplasms - genetics Neoplasms - metabolism Neoplasms - pathology Review RNA Interference RNA, Small Interfering - genetics RNA, Small Nucleolar - genetics RNA, Small Untranslated RNA, Transfer - genetics Signal Transduction
Online Access	Get full text
ISSN	0143-3334 1460-2180 1460-2180
DOI	10.1093/carcin/bgx026

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Abstract	The ENCODE project has reported that at least 80% of the human genome is biologically active, yet only a small part of human DNA encodes for protein. The massive amount of RNA transcribed but not translated into protein can be classified as housekeeping RNA (such as rRNA, tRNA) and regulatory RNA (such as miRNA, piRNA, lncRNA). Small non-coding RNAs, in particular, have been the focus of many studies in the last 20 years and their fundamental role in many human diseases is currently well established. Inter alia, their role in cancer development and progression, as well as in drug resistance, is being increasingly investigated. In this review, focusing our attention on recent research results, we provide an overview of the four large classes of small non-coding RNAs, namely, miRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNA and the new class of tRNA-derived fragments, highlighting their fundamental role in cancer and their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
AbstractList	The ENCODE project has reported that at least 80% of the human genome is biologically active, yet only a small part of human DNA encodes for protein. The massive amount of RNA transcribed but not translated into protein can be classified as housekeeping RNA (such as rRNA, tRNA) and regulatory RNA (such as miRNA, piRNA, lncRNA). Small non-coding RNAs, in particular, have been the focus of many studies in the last 20 years and their fundamental role in many human diseases is currently well established. Inter alia, their role in cancer development and progression, as well as in drug resistance, is being increasingly investigated. In this review, focusing our attention on recent research results, we provide an overview of the four large classes of small non-coding RNAs, namely, miRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNA and the new class of tRNA-derived fragments, highlighting their fundamental role in cancer and their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.The ENCODE project has reported that at least 80% of the human genome is biologically active, yet only a small part of human DNA encodes for protein. The massive amount of RNA transcribed but not translated into protein can be classified as housekeeping RNA (such as rRNA, tRNA) and regulatory RNA (such as miRNA, piRNA, lncRNA). Small non-coding RNAs, in particular, have been the focus of many studies in the last 20 years and their fundamental role in many human diseases is currently well established. Inter alia, their role in cancer development and progression, as well as in drug resistance, is being increasingly investigated. In this review, focusing our attention on recent research results, we provide an overview of the four large classes of small non-coding RNAs, namely, miRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNA and the new class of tRNA-derived fragments, highlighting their fundamental role in cancer and their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In this review, we give an overview of the four large classes of small non-coding RNAs: miRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNA and the new class of tRNA-derived fragments describing their biogenesis and role in cancer development and progression, as well as in drug resistance. The ENCODE project has reported that at least 80% of the human genome is biologically active, yet only a small part of human DNA encodes for protein. The massive amount of RNA transcribed but not translated into protein can be classified as housekeeping RNA (such as rRNA, tRNA) and regulatory RNA (such as miRNA, piRNA, lncRNA). Small non-coding RNAs, in particular, have been the focus of many studies in the last 20 years and their fundamental role in many human diseases is currently well established. Inter alia, their role in cancer development and progression, as well as in drug resistance, is being increasingly investigated. In this review, focusing our attention on recent research results, we provide an overview of the four large classes of small non-coding RNAs, namely, miRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNA and the new class of tRNA-derived fragments, highlighting their fundamental role in cancer and their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The ENCODE project has reported that at least 80% of the human genome is biologically active, yet only a small part of human DNA encodes for protein. The massive amount of RNA transcribed but not translated into protein can be classified as housekeeping RNA (such as rRNA, tRNA) and regulatory RNA (such as miRNA, piRNA, lncRNA). Small non-coding RNAs, in particular, have been the focus of many studies in the last 20 years and their fundamental role in many human diseases is currently well established. Inter alia, their role in cancer development and progression, as well as in drug resistance, is being increasingly investigated. In this review, focusing our attention on recent research results, we provide an overview of the four large classes of small non-coding RNAs, namely, miRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNA and the new class of tRNA-derived fragments, highlighting their fundamental role in cancer and their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
Author	Acunzo, Mario Croce, Carlo M. Romano, Giulia Veneziano, Dario
AuthorAffiliation	1 Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210 , USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210 , USA
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Giulia surname: Romano fullname: Romano, Giulia – sequence: 2 givenname: Dario surname: Veneziano fullname: Veneziano, Dario – sequence: 3 givenname: Mario surname: Acunzo fullname: Acunzo, Mario – sequence: 4 givenname: Carlo M. surname: Croce fullname: Croce, Carlo M.
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28449079$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	The ENCODE project has reported that at least 80% of the human genome is biologically active, yet only a small part of human DNA encodes for protein. The... In this review, we give an overview of the four large classes of small non-coding RNAs: miRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNA and the new class of tRNA-derived fragments...
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SubjectTerms	Animals Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - genetics Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - metabolism Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic Humans MicroRNAs - genetics Neoplasms - genetics Neoplasms - metabolism Neoplasms - pathology Review RNA Interference RNA, Small Interfering - genetics RNA, Small Nucleolar - genetics RNA, Small Untranslated RNA, Transfer - genetics Signal Transduction
Title	Small non-coding RNA and cancer
URI	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28449079 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1893550638 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6248440
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