Improved lithium―sulfur cells with a treated carbon paper interlayer
A simple, low-cost modification of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cells by placing a treated carbon paper between the sulfur electrode and the separator has been investigated to significantly improve the performance of Li-S cells. The treated carbon paper was prepared by an alcohol-alkaline/thermal treatment...
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| Published in | Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP Vol. 15; no. 7; pp. 2291 - 2297 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Cambridge
Royal Society of Chemistry
21.02.2013
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | A simple, low-cost modification of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cells by placing a treated carbon paper between the sulfur electrode and the separator has been investigated to significantly improve the performance of Li-S cells. The treated carbon paper was prepared by an alcohol-alkaline/thermal treatment of a commercial Toray carbon paper, introducing hydroxyl functional groups and micro-cracks on the carbon fibers in the carbon paper, which enhances the hydrophilicity and increases surface areas of the carbon paper matrix. The modified Li-S cells deliver a higher initial capacity of 1651 mAh g(-1) at 1.5-2.8 V at a rate of C/5 compared to the cells without any interlayer or with an untreated carbon paper interlayer. The cells with the treated carbon paper offer additional improvement in performance when the discharge cut-off voltage is raised to 1.8 V: 1057, 1002, and 929 mAh g(-1) after 100 cycles, respectively, at C/5, C/2, and 1 C rates. The improved cell performance is attributed to the 3D architecture of the carbon paper interlayer, serving as a conductive skeleton for trapping and depositing dissolved sulfur-containing active materials, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The novel configuration presented here offers a low-cost approach to overcome the persistent problems of Li-S cells. |
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| AbstractList | A simple, low-cost modification of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cells by placing a treated carbon paper between the sulfur electrode and the separator has been investigated to significantly improve the performance of Li-S cells. The treated carbon paper was prepared by an alcohol-alkaline/thermal treatment of a commercial Toray carbon paper, introducing hydroxyl functional groups and micro-cracks on the carbon fibers in the carbon paper, which enhances the hydrophilicity and increases surface areas of the carbon paper matrix. The modified Li-S cells deliver a higher initial capacity of 1651 mAh g(-1) at 1.5-2.8 V at a rate of C/5 compared to the cells without any interlayer or with an untreated carbon paper interlayer. The cells with the treated carbon paper offer additional improvement in performance when the discharge cut-off voltage is raised to 1.8 V: 1057, 1002, and 929 mAh g(-1) after 100 cycles, respectively, at C/5, C/2, and 1 C rates. The improved cell performance is attributed to the 3D architecture of the carbon paper interlayer, serving as a conductive skeleton for trapping and depositing dissolved sulfur-containing active materials, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The novel configuration presented here offers a low-cost approach to overcome the persistent problems of Li-S cells. A simple, low-cost modification of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cells by placing a treated carbon paper between the sulfur electrode and the separator has been investigated to significantly improve the performance of Li-S cells. The treated carbon paper was prepared by an alcohol-alkaline/thermal treatment of a commercial Toray carbon paper, introducing hydroxyl functional groups and micro-cracks on the carbon fibers in the carbon paper, which enhances the hydrophilicity and increases surface areas of the carbon paper matrix. The modified Li-S cells deliver a higher initial capacity of 1651 mAh g super(-1) at 1.5-2.8 V at a rate of C/5 compared to the cells without any interlayer or with an untreated carbon paper interlayer. The cells with the treated carbon paper offer additional improvement in performance when the discharge cut-off voltage is raised to 1.8 V: 1057, 1002, and 929 mAh g super(-1) after 100 cycles, respectively, at C/5, C/2, and 1 C rates. The improved cell performance is attributed to the 3D architecture of the carbon paper interlayer, serving as a conductive skeleton for trapping and depositing dissolved sulfur-containing active materials, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The novel configuration presented here offers a low-cost approach to overcome the persistent problems of Li-S cells. |
| Author | YONGZHU FU MANTHIRAM, Arumugam CHENXI ZU SU, Yu-Sheng |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 surname: CHENXI ZU fullname: CHENXI ZU organization: Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States – sequence: 2 givenname: Yu-Sheng surname: SU fullname: SU, Yu-Sheng organization: Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States – sequence: 3 surname: YONGZHU FU fullname: YONGZHU FU organization: Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States – sequence: 4 givenname: Arumugam surname: MANTHIRAM fullname: MANTHIRAM, Arumugam organization: Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States |
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| SubjectTerms | Applied sciences Carbon Chemistry Direct energy conversion and energy accumulation Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering Electrical power engineering Electrochemical conversion: primary and secondary batteries, fuel cells Electrodes Exact sciences and technology General and physical chemistry Interlayers Performance enhancement Scanning electron microscopy Three dimensional Trapping |
| Title | Improved lithium―sulfur cells with a treated carbon paper interlayer |
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