Trophic interaction of the aerotolerant anaerobe Clostridium intestinale and the acetogen Sporomusa rhizae sp. nov. isolated from roots of the black needlerush Juncus roemerianus
1 Department of Ecological Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany 2 Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany 3 Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbus, SC 29208, USA Correspondence Harold L. Drake HLD{at}...
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Published in | Microbiology (Society for General Microbiology) Vol. 152; no. 4; pp. 1209 - 1219 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Soc General Microbiol
01.04.2006
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ISSN | 1350-0872 1465-2080 |
DOI | 10.1099/mic.0.28725-0 |
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Abstract | 1 Department of Ecological Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
2 Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
3 Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbus, SC 29208, USA
Correspondence Harold L. Drake HLD{at}Uni-Bayreuth.De
Acetogens were enumerated from root homogenates of the black needlerush Juncus roemerianus obtained from a nearly pristine salt marsh. An isolated colony, ST1, yielded acetogenic activity and was initially thought to be a pure culture; however, ST1 was subsequently found to be composed of an aerotolerant fermentative anaerobe (RC) and an acetogen (RS T ) ( T indicates type strain). The two spore-forming mesophiles were separated by selective cultivation under conditions favouring the growth of either RC or RS T . The 16S rRNA gene sequence of RC was 99 % similar to that of Clostridium intestinale , indicating that RC was a new isolate of this clostridial species. The rRNA gene sequence most similar to that of RS T was only 96 % similar to that of RS T and was from a species of the acetogenic genus Sporomusa , indicating that RS T was a new sporomusal species; the name Sporomusa rhizae sp. nov. is proposed. RC grew at the expense of saccharides. H 2 -forming butyrate fermentation was the primary catabolism utilized by RC under anoxic conditions, while homolactate fermentation was the primary catabolism under oxic conditions. RC consumed O 2 and tolerated 20 % O 2 in the headspace of shaken broth cultures. In contrast, RS T was acetogenic, utilized H 2 , lactate and formate, did not utilize saccharides, and could not tolerate high concentrations of O 2 . RS T grew by trophic interaction with RC on saccharides via the uptake of H 2 , and, to a lesser extent, lactate and formate produced by RC. Co-cultures of the two organisms yielded high amounts of acetate. These results indicate that (i) previously uncharacterized species of Sporomusa are associated with Juncus roots and (ii) trophic links to O 2 -consuming aerotolerant anaerobes might contribute to the in situ activities and survival strategies of acetogens in salt marsh rhizospheres, a habitat subject to gradients of plant-derived O 2 .
Abbreviations: MPN, most probable number
The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of RC (1480 bp sequenced) and RS T (1387 bp sequenced) are AM158323 and AM158322 , respectively.
Present address: Limnology Research Group, Institute for Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany. |
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AbstractList | Acetogens were enumerated from root homogenates of the black needlerush Juncus roemerianus obtained from a nearly pristine salt marsh. An isolated colony, ST1, yielded acetogenic activity and was initially thought to be a pure culture; however, ST1 was subsequently found to be composed of an aerotolerant fermentative anaerobe (RC) and an acetogen (RS super(T)) ( super(T) indicates type strain). The two spore-forming mesophiles were separated by selective cultivation under conditions favouring the growth of either RC or RS super(T). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of RC was 99 % similar to that of Clostridium intestinale, indicating that RC was a new isolate of this clostridial species. The rRNA gene sequence most similar to that of RS super(T) was only 96 % similar to that of RS super(T) and was from a species of the acetogenic genus Sporomusa, indicating that RS super(T) was a new sporomusal species; the name Sporomusa rhizae sp. nov. is proposed. RC grew at the expense of saccharides. H sub(2)- forming butyrate fermentation was the primary catabolism utilized by RC under anoxic conditions, while homolactate fermentation was the primary catabolism under oxic conditions. RC consumed O sub(2) and tolerated 20 % O sub(2) in the headspace of shaken broth cultures. In contrast, RS super(T) was acetogenic, utilized H sub(2), lactate and formate, did not utilize saccharides, and could not tolerate high concentrations of O sub(2). RS super(T) grew by trophic interaction with RC on saccharides via the uptake of H sub(2), and, to a lesser extent, lactate and formate produced by RC. Co-cultures of the two organisms yielded high amounts of acetate. These results indicate that (i) previously uncharacterized species of Sporomusa are associated with Juncus roots and (ii) trophic links to O sub(2)-consuming aerotolerant anaerobes might contribute to the in situ activities and survival strategies of acetogens in salt marsh rhizospheres, a habitat subject to gradients of plant-derived O sub(2). Acetogens were enumerated from root homogenates of the black needlerush Juncus roemerianus obtained from a nearly pristine salt marsh. An isolated colony, ST1, yielded acetogenic activity and was initially thought to be a pure culture; however, ST1 was subsequently found to be composed of an aerotolerant fermentative anaerobe (RC) and an acetogen (RS T ) ( T indicates type strain). The two spore-forming mesophiles were separated by selective cultivation under conditions favouring the growth of either RC or RS T . The 16S rRNA gene sequence of RC was 99 % similar to that of Clostridium intestinale , indicating that RC was a new isolate of this clostridial species. The rRNA gene sequence most similar to that of RS T was only 96 % similar to that of RS T and was from a species of the acetogenic genus Sporomusa , indicating that RS T was a new sporomusal species; the name Sporomusa rhizae sp. nov. is proposed. RC grew at the expense of saccharides. H 2 -forming butyrate fermentation was the primary catabolism utilized by RC under anoxic conditions, while homolactate fermentation was the primary catabolism under oxic conditions. RC consumed O 2 and tolerated 20 % O 2 in the headspace of shaken broth cultures. In contrast, RS T was acetogenic, utilized H 2 , lactate and formate, did not utilize saccharides, and could not tolerate high concentrations of O 2 . RS T grew by trophic interaction with RC on saccharides via the uptake of H 2 , and, to a lesser extent, lactate and formate produced by RC. Co-cultures of the two organisms yielded high amounts of acetate. These results indicate that (i) previously uncharacterized species of Sporomusa are associated with Juncus roots and (ii) trophic links to O 2 -consuming aerotolerant anaerobes might contribute to the in situ activities and survival strategies of acetogens in salt marsh rhizospheres, a habitat subject to gradients of plant-derived O 2 . 1 Department of Ecological Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany 2 Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany 3 Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbus, SC 29208, USA Correspondence Harold L. Drake HLD{at}Uni-Bayreuth.De Acetogens were enumerated from root homogenates of the black needlerush Juncus roemerianus obtained from a nearly pristine salt marsh. An isolated colony, ST1, yielded acetogenic activity and was initially thought to be a pure culture; however, ST1 was subsequently found to be composed of an aerotolerant fermentative anaerobe (RC) and an acetogen (RS T ) ( T indicates type strain). The two spore-forming mesophiles were separated by selective cultivation under conditions favouring the growth of either RC or RS T . The 16S rRNA gene sequence of RC was 99 % similar to that of Clostridium intestinale , indicating that RC was a new isolate of this clostridial species. The rRNA gene sequence most similar to that of RS T was only 96 % similar to that of RS T and was from a species of the acetogenic genus Sporomusa , indicating that RS T was a new sporomusal species; the name Sporomusa rhizae sp. nov. is proposed. RC grew at the expense of saccharides. H 2 -forming butyrate fermentation was the primary catabolism utilized by RC under anoxic conditions, while homolactate fermentation was the primary catabolism under oxic conditions. RC consumed O 2 and tolerated 20 % O 2 in the headspace of shaken broth cultures. In contrast, RS T was acetogenic, utilized H 2 , lactate and formate, did not utilize saccharides, and could not tolerate high concentrations of O 2 . RS T grew by trophic interaction with RC on saccharides via the uptake of H 2 , and, to a lesser extent, lactate and formate produced by RC. Co-cultures of the two organisms yielded high amounts of acetate. These results indicate that (i) previously uncharacterized species of Sporomusa are associated with Juncus roots and (ii) trophic links to O 2 -consuming aerotolerant anaerobes might contribute to the in situ activities and survival strategies of acetogens in salt marsh rhizospheres, a habitat subject to gradients of plant-derived O 2 . Abbreviations: MPN, most probable number The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of RC (1480 bp sequenced) and RS T (1387 bp sequenced) are AM158323 and AM158322 , respectively. Present address: Limnology Research Group, Institute for Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany. Acetogens were enumerated from root homogenates of the black needlerush Juncus roemerianus obtained from a nearly pristine salt marsh. An isolated colony, ST1, yielded acetogenic activity and was initially thought to be a pure culture; however, ST1 was subsequently found to be composed of an aerotolerant fermentative anaerobe (RC) and an acetogen (RS(T)) ((T) indicates type strain). The two spore-forming mesophiles were separated by selective cultivation under conditions favouring the growth of either RC or RS(T). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of RC was 99 % similar to that of Clostridium intestinale, indicating that RC was a new isolate of this clostridial species. The rRNA gene sequence most similar to that of RS(T) was only 96 % similar to that of RS(T) and was from a species of the acetogenic genus Sporomusa, indicating that RS(T) was a new sporomusal species; the name Sporomusa rhizae sp. nov. is proposed. RC grew at the expense of saccharides. H(2)-forming butyrate fermentation was the primary catabolism utilized by RC under anoxic conditions, while homolactate fermentation was the primary catabolism under oxic conditions. RC consumed O(2) and tolerated 20 % O(2) in the headspace of shaken broth cultures. In contrast, RS(T) was acetogenic, utilized H(2), lactate and formate, did not utilize saccharides, and could not tolerate high concentrations of O(2). RS(T) grew by trophic interaction with RC on saccharides via the uptake of H(2), and, to a lesser extent, lactate and formate produced by RC. Co-cultures of the two organisms yielded high amounts of acetate. These results indicate that (i) previously uncharacterized species of Sporomusa are associated with Juncus roots and (ii) trophic links to O(2)-consuming aerotolerant anaerobes might contribute to the in situ activities and survival strategies of acetogens in salt marsh rhizospheres, a habitat subject to gradients of plant-derived O(2). Acetogens were enumerated from root homogenates of the black needlerush Juncus roemerianus obtained from a nearly pristine salt marsh. An isolated colony, ST1, yielded acetogenic activity and was initially thought to be a pure culture; however, ST1 was subsequently found to be composed of an aerotolerant fermentative anaerobe (RC) and an acetogen (RS(T)) ((T) indicates type strain). The two spore-forming mesophiles were separated by selective cultivation under conditions favouring the growth of either RC or RS(T). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of RC was 99 % similar to that of Clostridium intestinale, indicating that RC was a new isolate of this clostridial species. The rRNA gene sequence most similar to that of RS(T) was only 96 % similar to that of RS(T) and was from a species of the acetogenic genus Sporomusa, indicating that RS(T) was a new sporomusal species; the name Sporomusa rhizae sp. nov. is proposed. RC grew at the expense of saccharides. H(2)-forming butyrate fermentation was the primary catabolism utilized by RC under anoxic conditions, while homolactate fermentation was the primary catabolism under oxic conditions. RC consumed O(2) and tolerated 20 % O(2) in the headspace of shaken broth cultures. In contrast, RS(T) was acetogenic, utilized H(2), lactate and formate, did not utilize saccharides, and could not tolerate high concentrations of O(2). RS(T) grew by trophic interaction with RC on saccharides via the uptake of H(2), and, to a lesser extent, lactate and formate produced by RC. Co-cultures of the two organisms yielded high amounts of acetate. These results indicate that (i) previously uncharacterized species of Sporomusa are associated with Juncus roots and (ii) trophic links to O(2)-consuming aerotolerant anaerobes might contribute to the in situ activities and survival strategies of acetogens in salt marsh rhizospheres, a habitat subject to gradients of plant-derived O(2).Acetogens were enumerated from root homogenates of the black needlerush Juncus roemerianus obtained from a nearly pristine salt marsh. An isolated colony, ST1, yielded acetogenic activity and was initially thought to be a pure culture; however, ST1 was subsequently found to be composed of an aerotolerant fermentative anaerobe (RC) and an acetogen (RS(T)) ((T) indicates type strain). The two spore-forming mesophiles were separated by selective cultivation under conditions favouring the growth of either RC or RS(T). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of RC was 99 % similar to that of Clostridium intestinale, indicating that RC was a new isolate of this clostridial species. The rRNA gene sequence most similar to that of RS(T) was only 96 % similar to that of RS(T) and was from a species of the acetogenic genus Sporomusa, indicating that RS(T) was a new sporomusal species; the name Sporomusa rhizae sp. nov. is proposed. RC grew at the expense of saccharides. H(2)-forming butyrate fermentation was the primary catabolism utilized by RC under anoxic conditions, while homolactate fermentation was the primary catabolism under oxic conditions. RC consumed O(2) and tolerated 20 % O(2) in the headspace of shaken broth cultures. In contrast, RS(T) was acetogenic, utilized H(2), lactate and formate, did not utilize saccharides, and could not tolerate high concentrations of O(2). RS(T) grew by trophic interaction with RC on saccharides via the uptake of H(2), and, to a lesser extent, lactate and formate produced by RC. Co-cultures of the two organisms yielded high amounts of acetate. These results indicate that (i) previously uncharacterized species of Sporomusa are associated with Juncus roots and (ii) trophic links to O(2)-consuming aerotolerant anaerobes might contribute to the in situ activities and survival strategies of acetogens in salt marsh rhizospheres, a habitat subject to gradients of plant-derived O(2). |
Author | Schulz, Daria Acker, George Trenz, Sonja Drake, Harold L Gossner, Anita S Kusel, Kirsten Lovell, Charles R |
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Keywords | Clostridium Halophyte Monocotyledones Clostridiales Acetogenesis Trophic relation Phylogeny Juncaceae Ribosomal RNA Morphology Angiospermae Clostridiaceae Bacteria Spermatophyta |
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Snippet | 1 Department of Ecological Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
2 Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, 95440... Acetogens were enumerated from root homogenates of the black needlerush Juncus roemerianus obtained from a nearly pristine salt marsh. An isolated colony, ST1,... Acetogens were enumerated from root homogenates of the black needlerush Juncus roemerianus obtained from a nearly pristine salt marsh. An isolated colony, ST1,... |
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SubjectTerms | Acetic Acid - metabolism Bacteriology Biological and medical sciences Butyrates - metabolism Carbohydrate Metabolism Clostridium Clostridium - classification Clostridium - isolation & purification Clostridium - metabolism Clostridium intestinale DNA, Bacterial - chemistry DNA, Bacterial - genetics DNA, Ribosomal - chemistry DNA, Ribosomal - genetics Fermentation Formates - metabolism Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Genetics Hydrogen - metabolism Juncus Juncus roemerianus Lactic Acid - metabolism Magnoliopsida - microbiology Microbiology Microscopy, Electron, Transmission Molecular Sequence Data Oxygen Consumption Pathogenicity, virulence, toxins, bacteriocins, pyrogens, host-bacteria relations, miscellaneous strains Phylogeny Plant Roots - microbiology RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics Sequence Analysis, DNA Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid Sporomusa Sporomusa rhizae Veillonellaceae - classification Veillonellaceae - isolation & purification Veillonellaceae - metabolism |
Title | Trophic interaction of the aerotolerant anaerobe Clostridium intestinale and the acetogen Sporomusa rhizae sp. nov. isolated from roots of the black needlerush Juncus roemerianus |
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