Guanosine protects C6 astroglial cells against azide‐induced oxidative damage: a putative role of heme oxygenase 1

Guanosine, a guanine‐based purine, is an extracellular signaling molecule that is released from astrocytes and shows neuroprotective effects in several in vivo and in vitro studies. Our group recently showed that guanosine presents antioxidant properties in C6 astroglial cells. The heme oxygenase 1...

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Published inJournal of neurochemistry Vol. 130; no. 1; pp. 61 - 74
Main Authors Quincozes‐Santos, André, Bobermin, Larissa Daniele, Souza, Débora Guerini, Bellaver, Bruna, Gonçalves, Carlos‐Alberto, Souza, Diogo Onofre
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.07.2014
Subjects
Animals
Antioxidants
Astrocytes - drug effects
Astrocytes - enzymology
Astrocytes - pathology
azide
Azides - toxicity
C6 astroglial cells
Cell Line
Cells, Cultured
Cytotoxicity
glioprotective molecule
guanosine
Guanosine - pharmacology
Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) - physiology
heme oxygenase 1
Male
Neurochemistry
Neuroprotective Agents - pharmacology
Oxidative Stress - drug effects
Oxidative Stress - physiology
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Rodents
glioprotective molecule
C6 astroglial cells
guanosine
azide
heme oxygenase 1
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Abstract Guanosine, a guanine‐based purine, is an extracellular signaling molecule that is released from astrocytes and shows neuroprotective effects in several in vivo and in vitro studies. Our group recently showed that guanosine presents antioxidant properties in C6 astroglial cells. The heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway is associated with protection against oxidative stress. Azide, an inhibitor of the respiratory chain, is frequently used in experimental models to induce oxidative and nitrosative stress. Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate the effect of guanosine on azide‐induced oxidative damage in C6 astroglial cells. Azide treatment of these cells resulted in several detrimental effects, including induction of cytotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction, increased levels of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and NADPH oxidase, decreased glutamate uptake and EAAC1 glutamate transporter expression, decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, and decreased activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT). The treatment also increased nuclear factor‐κB activation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α and IL‐1β. Guanosine strongly prevented these effects, protecting glial cells against azide‐induced cytotoxicity and modulating glial, oxidative and inflammatory responses through the activation of the heme oxygenase 1 pathway. These observations reinforce and support the role of guanosine as an antioxidant molecule against oxidative damage. Guanosine protects against azide‐induced oxidative damage in C6 astroglial cells. Azide‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction (1); increased reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species levels (2); decreased glutamate uptake (3), GS activity (4), GSH levels (5), and SOD (6) and CAT (7) activities; increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (8) and NADPH oxidase (9) activities and cellular superoxide levels (10); increased NF‐κB activation (11), TNF‐α and IL‐1β levels (12); and induced iNOS expression (13). Guanosine prevented these effects through the HO1 signaling pathway, thus our findings support the antioxidant effects of guanosine. Guanosine protects against azide‐induced oxidative damage in C6 astroglial cells. Azide‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction (1); increased reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species levels (2); decreased glutamate uptake (3), GS activity (4), GSH levels (5), and SOD (6) and CAT (7) activities; increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (8) and NADPH oxidase (9) activities and cellular superoxide levels (10); increased NF‐κB activation (11), TNF‐α and IL‐1β levels (12); and induced iNOS expression (13). Guanosine prevented these effects through the HO1 signaling pathway, thus our findings support the antioxidant effects of guanosine.
AbstractList Guanosine, a guanine-based purine, is an extracellular signaling molecule that is released from astrocytes and shows neuroprotective effects in several in vivo and in vitro studies. Our group recently showed that guanosine presents antioxidant properties in C6 astroglial cells. The heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway is associated with protection against oxidative stress. Azide, an inhibitor of the respiratory chain, is frequently used in experimental models to induce oxidative and nitrosative stress. Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate the effect of guanosine on azide-induced oxidative damage in C6 astroglial cells. Azide treatment of these cells resulted in several detrimental effects, including induction of cytotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction, increased levels of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and NADPH oxidase, decreased glutamate uptake and EAAC1 glutamate transporter expression, decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, and decreased activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT). The treatment also increased nuclear factor-[kappa]B activation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor [alpha] and IL-1[beta]. Guanosine strongly prevented these effects, protecting glial cells against azide-induced cytotoxicity and modulating glial, oxidative and inflammatory responses through the activation of the heme oxygenase 1 pathway. These observations reinforce and support the role of guanosine as an antioxidant molecule against oxidative damage. Guanosine protects against azide-induced oxidative damage in C6 astroglial cells. Azide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction (1); increased reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species levels (2); decreased glutamate uptake (3), GS activity (4), GSH levels (5), and SOD (6) and CAT (7) activities; increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (8) and NADPH oxidase (9) activities and cellular superoxide levels (10); increased NF-[kappa]B activation (11), TNF-[alpha] and IL-1[beta] levels (12); and induced iNOS expression (13). Guanosine prevented these effects through the HO1 signaling pathway, thus our findings support the antioxidant effects of guanosine. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Guanosine, a guanine‐based purine, is an extracellular signaling molecule that is released from astrocytes and shows neuroprotective effects in several in vivo and in vitro studies. Our group recently showed that guanosine presents antioxidant properties in C6 astroglial cells. The heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway is associated with protection against oxidative stress. Azide, an inhibitor of the respiratory chain, is frequently used in experimental models to induce oxidative and nitrosative stress. Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate the effect of guanosine on azide‐induced oxidative damage in C6 astroglial cells. Azide treatment of these cells resulted in several detrimental effects, including induction of cytotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction, increased levels of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and NADPH oxidase, decreased glutamate uptake and EAAC1 glutamate transporter expression, decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, and decreased activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT). The treatment also increased nuclear factor‐κB activation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α and IL‐1β. Guanosine strongly prevented these effects, protecting glial cells against azide‐induced cytotoxicity and modulating glial, oxidative and inflammatory responses through the activation of the heme oxygenase 1 pathway. These observations reinforce and support the role of guanosine as an antioxidant molecule against oxidative damage. Guanosine protects against azide‐induced oxidative damage in C6 astroglial cells. Azide‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction (1); increased reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species levels (2); decreased glutamate uptake (3), GS activity (4), GSH levels (5), and SOD (6) and CAT (7) activities; increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (8) and NADPH oxidase (9) activities and cellular superoxide levels (10); increased NF‐κB activation (11), TNF‐α and IL‐1β levels (12); and induced iNOS expression (13). Guanosine prevented these effects through the HO1 signaling pathway, thus our findings support the antioxidant effects of guanosine. Guanosine protects against azide‐induced oxidative damage in C6 astroglial cells. Azide‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction (1); increased reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species levels (2); decreased glutamate uptake (3), GS activity (4), GSH levels (5), and SOD (6) and CAT (7) activities; increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (8) and NADPH oxidase (9) activities and cellular superoxide levels (10); increased NF‐κB activation (11), TNF‐α and IL‐1β levels (12); and induced iNOS expression (13). Guanosine prevented these effects through the HO1 signaling pathway, thus our findings support the antioxidant effects of guanosine.
Abstract Guanosine, a guanine‐based purine, is an extracellular signaling molecule that is released from astrocytes and shows neuroprotective effects in several in vivo and in vitro studies. Our group recently showed that guanosine presents antioxidant properties in C6 astroglial cells. The heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway is associated with protection against oxidative stress. Azide, an inhibitor of the respiratory chain, is frequently used in experimental models to induce oxidative and nitrosative stress. Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate the effect of guanosine on azide‐induced oxidative damage in C6 astroglial cells. Azide treatment of these cells resulted in several detrimental effects, including induction of cytotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction, increased levels of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and NADPH oxidase, decreased glutamate uptake and EAAC1 glutamate transporter expression, decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, and decreased activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT). The treatment also increased nuclear factor‐κB activation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α and IL‐1β. Guanosine strongly prevented these effects, protecting glial cells against azide‐induced cytotoxicity and modulating glial, oxidative and inflammatory responses through the activation of the heme oxygenase 1 pathway. These observations reinforce and support the role of guanosine as an antioxidant molecule against oxidative damage. image Guanosine protects against azide‐induced oxidative damage in C6 astroglial cells. Azide‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction (1); increased reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species levels (2); decreased glutamate uptake (3), GS activity (4), GSH levels (5), and SOD (6) and CAT (7) activities; increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (8) and NADPH oxidase (9) activities and cellular superoxide levels (10); increased NF‐κB activation (11), TNF‐α and IL‐1β levels (12); and induced iNOS expression (13). Guanosine prevented these effects through the HO1 signaling pathway, thus our findings support the antioxidant effects of guanosine.
Guanosine, a guanine-based purine, is an extracellular signaling molecule that is released from astrocytes and shows neuroprotective effects in several in vivo and in vitro studies. Our group recently showed that guanosine presents antioxidant properties in C6 astroglial cells. The heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway is associated with protection against oxidative stress. Azide, an inhibitor of the respiratory chain, is frequently used in experimental models to induce oxidative and nitrosative stress. Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate the effect of guanosine on azide-induced oxidative damage in C6 astroglial cells. Azide treatment of these cells resulted in several detrimental effects, including induction of cytotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction, increased levels of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and NADPH oxidase, decreased glutamate uptake and EAAC1 glutamate transporter expression, decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, and decreased activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT). The treatment also increased nuclear factor-κB activation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α and IL-1β. Guanosine strongly prevented these effects, protecting glial cells against azide-induced cytotoxicity and modulating glial, oxidative and inflammatory responses through the activation of the heme oxygenase 1 pathway. These observations reinforce and support the role of guanosine as an antioxidant molecule against oxidative damage. Guanosine protects against azide-induced oxidative damage in C6 astroglial cells. Azide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction (1); increased reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species levels (2); decreased glutamate uptake (3), GS activity (4), GSH levels (5), and SOD (6) and CAT (7) activities; increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (8) and NADPH oxidase (9) activities and cellular superoxide levels (10); increased NF-κB activation (11), TNF-α and IL-1β levels (12); and induced iNOS expression (13). Guanosine prevented these effects through the HO1 signaling pathway, thus our findings support the antioxidant effects of guanosine.
Guanosine, a guanine-based purine, is an extracellular signaling molecule that is released from astrocytes and shows neuroprotective effects in several in vivo and in vitro studies. Our group recently showed that guanosine presents antioxidant properties in C6 astroglial cells. The heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway is associated with protection against oxidative stress. Azide, an inhibitor of the respiratory chain, is frequently used in experimental models to induce oxidative and nitrosative stress. Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate the effect of guanosine on azide-induced oxidative damage in C6 astroglial cells. Azide treatment of these cells resulted in several detrimental effects, including induction of cytotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction, increased levels of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and NADPH oxidase, decreased glutamate uptake and EAAC1 glutamate transporter expression, decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, and decreased activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT). The treatment also increased nuclear factor- Kappa B activation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-1 beta . Guanosine strongly prevented these effects, protecting glial cells against azide-induced cytotoxicity and modulating glial, oxidative and inflammatory responses through the activation of the heme oxygenase 1 pathway. These observations reinforce and support the role of guanosine as an antioxidant molecule against oxidative damage. Guanosine protects against azide-induced oxidative damage in C6 astroglial cells. Azide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction (1); increased reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species levels (2); decreased glutamate uptake (3), GS activity (4), GSH levels (5), and SOD (6) and CAT (7) activities; increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (8) and NADPH oxidase (9) activities and cellular superoxide levels (10); increased NF- Kappa B activation (11), TNF- alpha and IL-1 beta levels (12); and induced iNOS expression (13). Guanosine prevented these effects through the HO1 signaling pathway, thus our findings support the antioxidant effects of guanosine. Guanosine protects against azide-induced oxidative damage in C6 astroglial cells. Azide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction (1); increased reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species levels (2); decreased glutamate uptake (3), GS activity (4), GSH levels (5), and SOD (6) and CAT (7) activities; increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (8) and NADPH oxidase (9) activities and cellular superoxide levels (10); increased NF- Kappa B activation (11), TNF- alpha and IL-1 beta levels (12); and induced iNOS expression (13). Guanosine prevented these effects through the HO1 signaling pathway, thus our findings support the antioxidant effects of guanosine.
Author Bellaver, Bruna
Souza, Débora Guerini
Souza, Diogo Onofre
Bobermin, Larissa Daniele
Quincozes‐Santos, André
Gonçalves, Carlos‐Alberto
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  givenname: André
  surname: Quincozes‐Santos
  fullname: Quincozes‐Santos, André
  organization: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
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  givenname: Larissa Daniele
  surname: Bobermin
  fullname: Bobermin, Larissa Daniele
  organization: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
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  givenname: Débora Guerini
  surname: Souza
  fullname: Souza, Débora Guerini
  organization: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
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  givenname: Bruna
  surname: Bellaver
  fullname: Bellaver, Bruna
  organization: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
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  givenname: Carlos‐Alberto
  surname: Gonçalves
  fullname: Gonçalves, Carlos‐Alberto
  organization: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Diogo Onofre
  surname: Souza
  fullname: Souza, Diogo Onofre
  organization: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24673378$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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IngestDate Fri Aug 16 21:41:45 EDT 2024
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IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Keywords glioprotective molecule
C6 astroglial cells
guanosine
azide
heme oxygenase 1
Language English
License 2014 International Society for Neurochemistry.
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PublicationTitle Journal of neurochemistry
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Snippet Guanosine, a guanine‐based purine, is an extracellular signaling molecule that is released from astrocytes and shows neuroprotective effects in several in vivo...
Guanosine, a guanine-based purine, is an extracellular signaling molecule that is released from astrocytes and shows neuroprotective effects in several in vivo...
Abstract Guanosine, a guanine‐based purine, is an extracellular signaling molecule that is released from astrocytes and shows neuroprotective effects in...
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SubjectTerms Animals
Antioxidants
Astrocytes - drug effects
Astrocytes - enzymology
Astrocytes - pathology
azide
Azides - toxicity
C6 astroglial cells
Cell Line
Cells, Cultured
Cytotoxicity
glioprotective molecule
guanosine
Guanosine - pharmacology
Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) - physiology
heme oxygenase 1
Male
Neurochemistry
Neuroprotective Agents - pharmacology
Oxidative Stress - drug effects
Oxidative Stress - physiology
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Rodents
Title Guanosine protects C6 astroglial cells against azide‐induced oxidative damage: a putative role of heme oxygenase 1
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fjnc.12694
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24673378
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1537511258
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1539470723
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1544013465
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