Clinical monitored in subjects metabolically healthy and unhealthy before and during a SARS-CoV-2 infection– A cross-sectional study in Mexican population

• Published in: Cytokine (Philadelphia, Pa.) Vol. 153; p. 155868
• Main Authors: Treviño, Samuel, Cortezano-Esteban, Steffany, Hernández-Fragoso, Hugo, Díaz, Alfonso, Vázquez-Roque, Rubén, Enrique Sarmiento-Ortega, Victor, Moroni-González, Diana, Pelayo, Rosana, Brambila, Eduardo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.05.2022
• Subjects: Body Mass Index; Clinical parameters; COVID-19; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Metaflammation; Obesity; Obesity - metabolism; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2; Unhealthy metabolism; COVID-19; Obesity; Metaflammation; Clinical parameters; Unhealthy metabolism
• ISSN: 1043-4666; 1096-0023; 1096-0023
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155868

•Mexican metabolically healthy obese people live with inflammaging.•Mexican metabolically unhealthy people present metaflammation.•People with inflammaging or metaflammation respond clinically different to COVID-19.•Deteriorate immunometabolic status is associated with severe COVID-19 disease. The COVID-19 disease has forced us to consider the physiologic role of obesity and metabolically healthy and unhealthy status in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hematological, coagulation, biochemical, and immunoinflammatory changes have been informed with a disparity in morbidity and mortality. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the influence of metabolic health on clinical features in a cross-sectional study in Mexican subjects with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection in non-severe stages after a rigorous classification of obese and non-obese subjects who were metabolically healthy and unhealthy. Four groups were formed: 1) metabolically healthy with normal BMI (MHN); 2) metabolically unhealthy with normal BMI (MUN); 3) metabolically healthy obese (MHO); 4) metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Serum proinflammatory (TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-1β, and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β, IL-1Ra, IL-4, and IL-10) cytokines, hematological parameters, coagulation, and acute phase components were evaluated. Our results showed that MHO people live with inflammaging. Meanwhile, MUN and MUO subjects develop metaflammation. Both inflammaging and metaflammation cause imperceptible modifications on hematological parameters, mainly in leukocyte populations and platelets, as well as acute phase and coagulation components. The statistical analysis revealed that many clinical features are dependent on metabolic health. In conclusion, MHO subjects seem to be transitioning from metabolically healthy to unhealthy, which is accelerated in acute processes, such as SARS-CoV-2 infection. Meanwhile, metabolically unhealthy subjects independently of BMI have a deteriorating immunometabolic status associated with a hyperinflammatory state leading to multi-organ dysfunction, treatment complications, and severe COVID-19 disease.