Cyber campaigns and strategic outcomes

• Published in: Journal of strategic studies Vol. 45; no. 4; pp. 534 - 567
• Main Authors: Harknett, Richard J., Smeets, Max
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Routledge 07.06.2022; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: Campaigns; China; Coercion; cyber campaigns; cyber espionage; cyber operations; Cyberwar; Electronic warfare; Internet; Presumption; Russia; Tactics

While much focus has remained on the concept of cyberwar, what we have been observing in actual cyber behaviour are campaigns comprised of linked cyber operations, with the specific objective of achieving strategic outcomes without the need of armed attack. These campaigns are not simply transitory...