The different reinforcing behavior between siliceous earth nanoparticles and silica on natural rubber
The reinforcing behaviors of siliceous earth (SE) nanoparticles and silica on natural rubber (NR) were compared. SE employed in this work was formed by volcanic eruptions 100 million years ago and mainly consists of SiO2 (∼80%), Al2O3 (∼14%), and K2O (∼4%) and is composed of low quartz and illite in...
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Published in | Polymers & polymer composites Vol. 27; no. 6; pp. 356 - 368 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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London, England
SAGE Publications
01.07.2019
Sage Publications Ltd. (UK) Sage Publications Ltd |
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Abstract | The reinforcing behaviors of siliceous earth (SE) nanoparticles and silica on natural rubber (NR) were compared. SE employed in this work was formed by volcanic eruptions 100 million years ago and mainly consists of SiO2 (∼80%), Al2O3 (∼14%), and K2O (∼4%) and is composed of low quartz and illite in crystal structure and with a special flaky and laminated morphology. The effects of SE slurry with different filler loading of 30, 40, 50 per hundred parts of rubber (phr), and 40 phr silica(S-40) were investigated. Mechanical properties were measured, and the results show that 300% modulus, elongation at break, tensile, and tear strength of SE/NR are all higher than those of S-40. Combination results of tensile properties and rubber process analyzer (RPA), the rubber–filler interaction parameter (I) was calculated and the results show the value of I increase slightly with SE loading, while obviously higher than that of S-40. But the results of dynamic mechanical analysis and bound rubber content show that S-40 has obviously lower tan δ and higher bound rubber content, which indicate that there exists stronger rubber–filler interaction between silica and NR. The seemingly conflicting results imply that the effect of the two fillers on the NR network structure should be different. The special morphology of SE can help them to distribute more evenly in the NR matrix, making it less likely to form particle networks and providing very strong filler–rubber interaction, while showing higher average rubber–filler interaction and results in better mechanical properties of SE/NR composites. |
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AbstractList | The reinforcing behaviors of siliceous earth (SE) nanoparticles and silica on natural rubber (NR) were compared. SE employed in this work was formed by volcanic eruptions 100 million years ago and mainly consists of SiO2 (∼80%), Al2O3 (∼14%), and K2O (∼4%) and is composed of low quartz and illite in crystal structure and with a special flaky and laminated morphology. The effects of SE slurry with different filler loading of 30, 40, 50 per hundred parts of rubber (phr), and 40 phr silica(S-40) were investigated. Mechanical properties were measured, and the results show that 300% modulus, elongation at break, tensile, and tear strength of SE/NR are all higher than those of S-40. Combination results of tensile properties and rubber process analyzer (RPA), the rubber–filler interaction parameter (I) was calculated and the results show the value of I increase slightly with SE loading, while obviously higher than that of S-40. But the results of dynamic mechanical analysis and bound rubber content show that S-40 has obviously lower tan δ and higher bound rubber content, which indicate that there exists stronger rubber–filler interaction between silica and NR. The seemingly conflicting results imply that the effect of the two fillers on the NR network structure should be different. The special morphology of SE can help them to distribute more evenly in the NR matrix, making it less likely to form particle networks and providing very strong filler–rubber interaction, while showing higher average rubber–filler interaction and results in better mechanical properties of SE/NR composites. The reinforcing behaviors of siliceous earth (SE) nanoparticles and silica on natural rubber (NR) were compared. SE employed in this work was formed by volcanic eruptions 100 million years ago and mainly consists of SiO2 (*80%), Al2O3 (* 14%), and K2O(*4%) and is composed of low quartz and illite in crystal structure and with a special flaky and laminated morphology. The effects of SE slurry with different filler loading of 30,40, 50 per hundred parts of rubber (phr), and 40 phr silica(S-40) were investigated. Mechanical properties were measured, and the results show that 300% modulus, elongation at break, tensile, and tear strength of SE/NR are all higher than those of S-40. Combination results of tensile properties and rubber process analyzer (RPA), the rubber-filler interaction parameter (I) was calculated and the results show the value of I increase slightly with SE loading, while obviously higher than that of S-40. But the results of dynamic mechanical analysis and bound rubber content show that S-40 has obviously lower tan d and higher bound rubber content, which indicate that there exists stronger rubber-filler interaction between silica and NR. The seemingly conflicting results imply that the effect of the two fillers on the NR network structure should be different. The special morphology of SE can help them to distribute more evenly in the NR matrix, making it less likely to form particle networks and providing very strong filler-rubber interaction, while showing higher average rubber-filler interaction and results in better mechanical properties of SE/NR composites. Keywords Natural rubber, siliceous earth, silica, masterbatches, mechanical properties |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Gao, Lijun Pan, RongKan Wang, Yun Zhong, Jieping Chen, Song Xie, Mubiao Chen, Jing |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jing surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Jing – sequence: 2 givenname: Song surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Song – sequence: 3 givenname: Lijun surname: Gao fullname: Gao, Lijun – sequence: 4 givenname: RongKan surname: Pan fullname: Pan, RongKan – sequence: 5 givenname: Yun surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Yun – sequence: 6 givenname: Mubiao surname: Xie fullname: Xie, Mubiao – sequence: 7 givenname: Jieping surname: Zhong fullname: Zhong, Jieping |
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Cites_doi | 10.1002/masy.201600035 10.1002/pc.23946 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2017.08.015 10.1007/BF00455608 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.07.015 10.1002/app.12568 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2011.04.001 10.1002/vnl.20308 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2014.06.004 10.1021/ma1026077 10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00480-4 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.02.015 10.1002/app.26164 10.5254/1.3538664 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.01.042 10.5254/1.3538488 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.12.030 10.1016/0032-3861(93)90776-7 10.1039/C0SM00645A 10.1007/s13726-014-0267-2 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.01.071 10.5254/1.3538213 10.1016/j.clay.2018.03.006 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.08.002 10.1002/app.43057 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.06.026 10.1002/app.46502 10.1016/j.matdes.2009.08.047 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03517 10.1002/app.1972.070160513 10.1002/masy.201500090 10.1007/s12034-013-0498-4 10.1002/1097-4628(20001209)78:11<1879::AID-APP50>3.0.CO;2-1 10.1007/BF02702014 10.1002/pen.760321502 10.1002/app.23452 10.1002/app.10382 10.1346/CCMN.1995.0430213 10.1002/app.1974.070180826 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2015.5 10.1002/app.42580 10.5254/1.3538344 10.1002/app.45553 |
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Snippet | The reinforcing behaviors of siliceous earth (SE) nanoparticles and silica on natural rubber (NR) were compared. SE employed in this work was formed by... |
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SubjectTerms | Aluminum oxide Authorship Carbon black Crack propagation Crystal structure Dynamic mechanical analysis Elongation Fillers Illite Interaction parameters Mechanical properties Morphology Nanocomposites Nanoparticles Natural rubber Particle size Polymers Reinforced plastics Rubber Scanning electron microscopy Silicon dioxide Slurries Tear strength Tensile properties Tensile strength Tires Volcanic eruptions |
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Title | The different reinforcing behavior between siliceous earth nanoparticles and silica on natural rubber |
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