The Malveira fire test: Full-scale demonstration of fire modes in open-plan compartments
This paper characterises the fire dynamics in the Large-Scale Demonstrator Malveira Fire Test, a full-scale fire experiment carried out in an industrial building in Portugal. The Malveira Fire Test is the second stage in the series of full-scale experimental programmes developed for the Real Fires f...
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Published in | Fire safety journal Vol. 108; p. 102827 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Lausanne
Elsevier Ltd
01.09.2019
Elsevier BV |
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Abstract | This paper characterises the fire dynamics in the Large-Scale Demonstrator Malveira Fire Test, a full-scale fire experiment carried out in an industrial building in Portugal. The Malveira Fire Test is the second stage in the series of full-scale experimental programmes developed for the Real Fires for the Safe Design of Tall Buildings project at the University of Edinburgh. This experiment focuses on the fire dynamics in large open floor plan compartments. Results from this test provide relevant data for defining design fire input methodologies applied to compartments typically found in tall buildings.
The test showed three distinct fire behaviour modes characterised by the ratio between the velocities of the fire front (Vs) and the burnout front (VBO); a travelling fire mode with Vs/VBO≈1, a growing fire mode with Vs/VBO>1 and a fully-developed fire mode with Vs/VBO→∞. The three modes are correlated to the incident heat flux onto the fuel surface arising from the resulting compartment energy distribution. The energy distribution depends on the compartment characteristics, the fuel distribution and the resulting fluid mechanics. A description of the instrumentation and analysis of results are presented to support a theoretical justification for the transitions between fire modes.
•Large-scale fire test in an open-plan compartment in a real building.•High sensor density measuring burning rates, temperatures, heat fluxes, and opening flows.•Demonstration of three distinct fire modes and the transition between them.•Transition between a travelling fire, a growing fire and a fully-developed fire.•Fire mode transition correlated to heat feedback to fuel and energy redistribution. |
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AbstractList | This paper characterises the fire dynamics in the Large-Scale Demonstrator Malveira Fire Test, a full-scale fire experiment carried out in an industrial building in Portugal. The Malveira Fire Test is the second stage in the series of full-scale experimental programmes developed for the Real Fires for the Safe Design of Tall Buildings project at the University of Edinburgh. This experiment focuses on the fire dynamics in large open floor plan compartments. Results from this test provide relevant data for defining design fire input methodologies applied to compartments typically found in tall buildings.
The test showed three distinct fire behaviour modes characterised by the ratio between the velocities of the fire front (Vs) and the burnout front (VBO); a travelling fire mode with Vs/VBO≈1, a growing fire mode with Vs/VBO>1 and a fully-developed fire mode with Vs/VBO→∞. The three modes are correlated to the incident heat flux onto the fuel surface arising from the resulting compartment energy distribution. The energy distribution depends on the compartment characteristics, the fuel distribution and the resulting fluid mechanics. A description of the instrumentation and analysis of results are presented to support a theoretical justification for the transitions between fire modes.
•Large-scale fire test in an open-plan compartment in a real building.•High sensor density measuring burning rates, temperatures, heat fluxes, and opening flows.•Demonstration of three distinct fire modes and the transition between them.•Transition between a travelling fire, a growing fire and a fully-developed fire.•Fire mode transition correlated to heat feedback to fuel and energy redistribution. This paper characterises the fire dynamics in the Large-Scale Demonstrator Malveira Fire Test, a full-scale fire experiment carried out in an industrial building in Portugal. The Malveira Fire Test is the second stage in the series of full-scale experimental programmes developed for the Real Fires for the Safe Design of Tall Buildings project at the University of Edinburgh. This experiment focuses on the fire dynamics in large open floor plan compartments. Results from this test provide relevant data for defining design fire input methodologies applied to compartments typically found in tall buildings. The test showed three distinct fire behaviour modes characterised by the ratio between the velocities of the fire front (Vs) and the burnout front (VBO); a travelling fire mode with Vs/VBO≈1, a growing fire mode with Vs/VBO>1 and a fully-developed fire mode with Vs/VBO→∞. The three modes are correlated to the incident heat flux onto the fuel surface arising from the resulting compartment energy distribution. The energy distribution depends on the compartment characteristics, the fuel distribution and the resulting fluid mechanics. A description of the instrumentation and analysis of results are presented to support a theoretical justification for the transitions between fire modes. |
ArticleNumber | 102827 |
Author | Cowlard, Adam Abecassis-Empis, Cecilia Gupta, Vinny Maclean, Jamie Osorio, Andrés F. Bartlett, Alastair I. Hidalgo, Juan P. Maluk, Cristián Goode, Tristan Montalvá, José M. Torero, José L. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Juan P. orcidid: 0000-0002-2972-5238 surname: Hidalgo fullname: Hidalgo, Juan P. email: j.hidalgo@uq.edu.au organization: School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia – sequence: 2 givenname: Tristan surname: Goode fullname: Goode, Tristan organization: School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia – sequence: 3 givenname: Vinny surname: Gupta fullname: Gupta, Vinny organization: School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia – sequence: 4 givenname: Adam surname: Cowlard fullname: Cowlard, Adam organization: TAEC, UK – sequence: 5 givenname: Cecilia surname: Abecassis-Empis fullname: Abecassis-Empis, Cecilia organization: TAEC, UK – sequence: 6 givenname: Jamie surname: Maclean fullname: Maclean, Jamie organization: School of Engineering, BRE Centre for Fire Safety Engineering, Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, UK – sequence: 7 givenname: Alastair I. orcidid: 0000-0002-4133-5865 surname: Bartlett fullname: Bartlett, Alastair I. organization: School of Engineering, BRE Centre for Fire Safety Engineering, Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, UK – sequence: 8 givenname: Cristián orcidid: 0000-0002-1662-6943 surname: Maluk fullname: Maluk, Cristián organization: School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia – sequence: 9 givenname: José M. surname: Montalvá fullname: Montalvá, José M. organization: Universitat Politècnica de València, Campus de Vera, Valencia, Spain – sequence: 10 givenname: Andrés F. surname: Osorio fullname: Osorio, Andrés F. organization: School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia – sequence: 11 givenname: José L. surname: Torero fullname: Torero, José L. organization: Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK |
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Keywords | Compartment fire framework Enclosure fire dynamics Tall buildings Large-scale experiments |
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Snippet | This paper characterises the fire dynamics in the Large-Scale Demonstrator Malveira Fire Test, a full-scale fire experiment carried out in an industrial... |
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SubjectTerms | Building design Buildings Burnout Compartment fire framework Compartments Enclosure fire dynamics Energy distribution Floorplans Fluid dynamics Fluid mechanics Fuels Heat flux Industrial buildings Instrumentation Large-scale experiments Tall buildings |
Title | The Malveira fire test: Full-scale demonstration of fire modes in open-plan compartments |
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